本文選題：濕地生態(tài)系統(tǒng) + 圖們江下游　； 參考：《延邊大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：濕地與海洋、森林并稱為全球三大生態(tài)系統(tǒng),具有強(qiáng)大的環(huán)境功能和生態(tài)效益,被美喻為“地球之腎”。然而,由于近年來圖們江下游濕地受社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展及人類活動(dòng)造成的濕地生態(tài)破壞,使?jié)竦孛娣e銳減,濕地生物多樣性減少。因此準(zhǔn)確地掌握和研究本區(qū)濕地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)安全狀況,有助于為合理保護(hù)濕地生態(tài)環(huán)境提供科學(xué)依據(jù),對(duì)于圖們江下游濕地的合理開發(fā)、保護(hù)和可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有意義。 本文在對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外濕地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)安全研究現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了較為詳細(xì)總結(jié)的基礎(chǔ)上,建立了適用于圖們江下游濕地的生態(tài)安全評(píng)價(jià)體系,在構(gòu)建指標(biāo)體系中,首先根據(jù)確定出的很安全、安全、一般、不安全、很不安全五個(gè)等級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),結(jié)合圖們江下游濕地的特點(diǎn),運(yùn)用“壓力一狀態(tài)一響應(yīng)”(PSR)模型,建立圖們江下游濕地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)安全評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系,體系分為3個(gè)項(xiàng)目層,7個(gè)因素層,共35個(gè)指標(biāo),并給出了每一個(gè)指標(biāo)的量化標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值,指標(biāo)體系較全面地涵蓋了物理、化學(xué)、生物、景觀、生態(tài)、社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)以及人類活動(dòng)等幾大類指標(biāo),通過層次分析法計(jì)算出了各標(biāo)的權(quán)重,然后運(yùn)用三級(jí)模糊綜合評(píng)價(jià)法進(jìn)行最終計(jì)算,得到圖們江下游濕地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)總安全指數(shù)為0.486867,處于一般安全狀態(tài),并有向不安全狀態(tài)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。其中,壓力系統(tǒng)的安全指數(shù)為0.4892,響應(yīng)系統(tǒng)的安全指數(shù)為0.4626,狀態(tài)系統(tǒng)的安全指數(shù)為0.5088,各等級(jí)隸屬度S=(16.12%,23.25%,15.26%,16.76%,28.61%)。并分析了制約圖們江下游濕地生態(tài)安全狀祝的因子。 根據(jù)對(duì)該區(qū)濕地受脅的原因分析,結(jié)合不同類型濕地,即湖泊濕地、沼澤濕地、河流濕地、人工濕地、生態(tài)旅游區(qū)濕地的生態(tài)綜合評(píng)價(jià)CEI值分別為：0.8251、0.8250、0.6141、0.5538、0.4023；最終提出了圖們江下游濕地生態(tài)公園規(guī)劃具體方案,將功能區(qū)劃分為服務(wù)接待區(qū)、濕地生態(tài)恢復(fù)示范區(qū)、濕地核心保護(hù)區(qū)、濕地環(huán)境教育基地、生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)體驗(yàn)區(qū)、濕地生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)示范區(qū)、龍山水庫濕地優(yōu)化區(qū)、濕地生態(tài)旅游區(qū)、民俗文化體驗(yàn)區(qū)九個(gè)分區(qū),對(duì)生態(tài)旅游區(qū)進(jìn)行景觀節(jié)點(diǎn)規(guī)劃,預(yù)測(cè)評(píng)價(jià)濕地生態(tài)公園綜合效益。最后擬為當(dāng)?shù)卣跋嚓P(guān)部門提供濕地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)保護(hù)決策和依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Wetlands, oceans and forests are known as the three major ecosystems in the world, with strong environmental functions and ecological benefits, and are called "kidney of the earth" by the United States. However, the wetland in the lower reaches of the Tumen River has been destroyed by social and economic development and human activities in recent years, resulting in a sharp decrease in wetland area and a decrease in wetland biodiversity. Therefore, to grasp and study the security of wetland ecosystem in this area accurately is helpful to provide scientific basis for the reasonable protection of wetland ecological environment, and has significance for the rational development, protection and sustainable development of wetland in the lower reaches of Tumen River. Based on a detailed summary of the present situation of wetland ecosystem safety research at home and abroad, this paper establishes an ecological security evaluation system suitable for the wetland in the lower reaches of the Tumen River. In the construction of the index system, firstly, according to the established very safe, Five grade standards of safety, general, unsafe and very unsafe. Combined with the characteristics of the wetlands in the lower reaches of the Tumen River, a safety evaluation index system for the wetland ecosystem in the lower reaches of the Tumen River is established by using the "pressure-state-response" (PSR) model. The system is divided into three project layers, seven factor layers, a total of 35 indicators, and gives the quantitative standard value of each index. The index system covers physics, chemistry, biology, landscape, ecology, and so on. The weight of each standard is calculated by analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and then the final calculation is carried out by using the three-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. The total safety index of wetland ecosystem in the lower reaches of Tumen River is 0.486867, which is in a general safe state and has the tendency to be unsafe. The safety index of the pressure system is 0.4892, the safety index of the response system is 0.4626, and the safety index of the state system is 0.5088. The factors that restrict the ecological security of wetland in the lower reaches of Tumen River are analyzed. According to the analysis of the reason of wetland being threatened, combined with different types of wetland, namely lake wetland, marsh wetland, river wetland, constructed wetland, eco-tourism area wetland, the CEI value of ecological comprehensive evaluation is respectively: 0. 0.8251 0. 825 1 0. 551 0. 5538 0. 4023; Finally, the specific planning scheme of wetland ecological park in the lower reaches of Tumen River is put forward. The functional zoning is divided into service reception area, wetland ecological restoration demonstration area, wetland core reserve, wetland environmental education base, ecological agriculture experience area. The wetland eco-agriculture demonstration area, the wetland optimization area of Longshan Reservoir, the wetland eco-tourism area and the folk-custom culture experience area were divided into nine zones. The landscape node planning of the eco-tourism area was carried out, and the comprehensive benefits of the wetland ecological park were forecasted and evaluated. Finally, to provide the local government and relevant departments with wetland ecosystem protection decision-making and basis.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：延邊大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：X826;TU986.5

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