本文選題：自然通風 + 構建配置��； 參考：《河北工程大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：建筑節(jié)能是現(xiàn)代社會的要求，營建綠色建筑是建筑業(yè)的發(fā)展趨勢。建筑環(huán)境對于人的安全、健康、熱舒適和工作效率的提高是非常重要的。隨著現(xiàn)代技術手段的提高，機械通風的方法的被廣泛地用于建筑環(huán)境的改善。機械通風的方法可以方便地實現(xiàn)人們所要求的室內(nèi)通風環(huán)境，但會產(chǎn)生大量的建筑能耗和通風噪音。為克服機械通風的缺點，在當今綠色建筑的理念下，自然通風的方式越來越受到重視和推崇。自然通風是指依靠自然界風力造成的風壓和由于室內(nèi)外空氣溫度差所引起的熱壓，來驅使空氣流動，，以形成一定的室內(nèi)空氣環(huán)境。與機械通風相比,自然通風不需要復雜的通風設備和專門動力,結構簡單,但是存在壓頭小，穩(wěn)定性差，難以控制等缺點。采用自然通風的目的是在某些地區(qū)、某些氣候條件下、某些時間內(nèi)盡量代替(或部分代替)機械通風及制冷空調系統(tǒng)，以實現(xiàn)室內(nèi)空氣環(huán)境的改善并最大限度地減少建筑能耗和節(jié)約能源。自然通風的效果不僅取決于通風動力，同時也取決于建筑構型的通風阻力，在進行建筑環(huán)境設計時，應本著“自然第一和機械第二”的原則，在建筑設計的方案階段就應該對建筑的構建配置予以更多的關注,對建筑的構型進行優(yōu)化以使得建筑物更好地適應自然通風，盡可能大地利用(包括控制)自然的力量，達到節(jié)能的目的。 熱壓和風壓是建筑自然通風的動力,它們不是常數(shù),有時候會是意想不到的少。在建筑物中，只有空氣流動的阻力非常小時，空氣才可以很好地流通。所以建筑自然通風設計的問題和重點工作是合理安排空氣通道(或走廊)。建立最佳通風井和空氣通道，包括位置、數(shù)量、尺寸、壁面粗糙度等;優(yōu)化配置空氣的進口和出口，包括位置、數(shù)量、尺寸、阻力系數(shù)等;為了使通風可調節(jié),空氣調節(jié)閥門和阻尼器在自然通風系統(tǒng)中是不可少的。 在本文中,提出和討論了一些適合于自然通風的建筑構建配置�；贑FD模擬手段，用流體模擬軟件Fluent分別對建筑中加入通風豎井和太陽能煙囪、建筑物底層架空這幾種適合于自然通風的構建配置后的室內(nèi)氣流組織進行了模擬和仿真研究，選擇出這三種構建配置可以達到最佳自然通風效果的最優(yōu)尺寸和比例。最后，將三種最優(yōu)尺寸和比例的構建配置同時應用到建筑物中，再次用Fluent軟件進行模擬仿真，比較優(yōu)化前后的效果。通過選擇四種不同氣象地區(qū)，在中國地區(qū)從東到西(上海、武漢、西安和烏魯木齊)來研究這種構建配置優(yōu)化建筑物自然通風效果在地理區(qū)域上的適應性，得出了最適合這種優(yōu)化方案改造的地區(qū)。同時，本文中還對室內(nèi)自然通風性能評價指標進行了總結和概述，基于建筑環(huán)境模擬分析軟件Airpak得出了一些室內(nèi)自然通風性能評價指標：ADPI、房間換氣次數(shù)、平均空氣齡、PMV和PPD等等。綜合多方面來對建筑物自然通風效果進行模擬分析和評價，將更加有利于節(jié)能建筑和綠色建筑的設計工作。
[Abstract]:Building energy saving is the requirement of modern society. Building green building is the development trend of the construction industry. The building environment is very important for the improvement of human safety, health, thermal comfort and efficiency. With the improvement of modern technology, the method of mechanical ventilation is widely used in the improvement of the building environment. The method of mechanical ventilation can be used. In order to overcome the disadvantages of mechanical ventilation, natural ventilation is being paid more and more attention to and praised under the concept of green building. Natural ventilation refers to the wind pressure on natural wind and the air temperature in indoor and outer space. The thermal pressure caused by the degree difference to drive the air flow to form a certain indoor air environment. Compared with the mechanical ventilation, natural ventilation does not require complicated ventilation and special power. The structure is simple, but the pressure head is small, the stability is poor, and it is difficult to control. The purpose of using natural ventilation is in some areas, some climate conditions. To replace (or partially replace) mechanical ventilation and refrigeration air conditioning systems for some time in order to improve the indoor air environment and minimize building energy consumption and energy conservation. The effect of natural ventilation depends not only on the ventilation power, but also on the ventilation resistance of the building configuration and the design of the building environment. In accordance with the principle of "natural first and mechanical second", more attention should be paid to the construction and configuration of the architecture at the stage of architectural design, and the configuration of the building should be optimized so that the building can be better adapted to natural ventilation, as far as possible use (including control) the power of nature to achieve the purpose of energy conservation.
Hot pressure and wind pressure are the driving forces of natural ventilation in buildings. They are not constant, sometimes unexpected. In buildings, only air flow resistance is very small, the air can be well circulated. So the problem and key work of the natural ventilation design of buildings is to arrange the air passage (or corridor). Wells and air channel, including location, number, size, surface roughness and so on; optimal allocation of air import and export, including location, number, size, resistance coefficient and so on; in order to make the adjustable ventilation, air conditioning valves and dampers is indispensable in the natural ventilation system.
In this paper, some construction configurations suitable for natural ventilation are proposed and discussed. Based on the CFD simulation method, the ventilation shaft and solar chimney are added to the building with the fluid simulation software Fluent, and the indoor airflow organization, which are suitable for natural ventilation, is simulated and simulated. In the study, the optimum size and proportion of the three configurations to achieve the best natural ventilation effect are selected. Finally, the construction configuration of the three optimal sizes and proportions is applied to the building at the same time. Fluent software is used to simulate and compare the effects before and after the optimization. By selecting four different meteorological areas, in China From the east to the West (Shanghai, Wuhan, Xi'an and Urumqi) to study the adaptability of this construction to optimize the natural ventilation effect of the building in the geographical area, and get the most suitable area for the optimization of the optimization scheme. At the same time, this paper also summarizes and summarizes the evaluation index of indoor natural ventilation performance, based on the simulation of the building environment. The analysis software Airpak has obtained some indoor natural ventilation performance evaluation indexes: ADPI, room ventilation times, average air age, PMV and PPD and so on. Comprehensive and multiple aspects of the natural ventilation effect of buildings are simulated and evaluated, which will be more conducive to the design of energy-saving buildings and green construction.
【學位授予單位】：河北工程大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU834

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