本文選題：公共建筑 + 圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)節(jié)能　； 參考：《西南石油大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來(lái)我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)高速發(fā)展,建筑面積總量不斷攀升,建筑產(chǎn)業(yè)得到了長(zhǎng)足的發(fā)展。然而,該階段的發(fā)展卻呈現(xiàn)出粗放型特征,建筑物內(nèi)部的熱環(huán)境問(wèn)題沒(méi)有得到足夠的重視,無(wú)法滿足人們對(duì)室內(nèi)環(huán)境舒適性的要求,同時(shí)高能耗的建筑造成了嚴(yán)重的能源浪費(fèi)和環(huán)境污染,不符合當(dāng)前我國(guó)在緊張的能源形勢(shì)背景下建設(shè)資源節(jié)約型、環(huán)境友好型社會(huì)的國(guó)策要求。 通過(guò)以定性和定量的方法研究公共建筑節(jié)能的技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)性,得到采用適當(dāng)?shù)墓?jié)能技術(shù)在提高建筑物室內(nèi)熱環(huán)境舒適度、減少環(huán)境污染、改善生態(tài)環(huán)境的同時(shí),也具有相當(dāng)?shù)慕?jīng)濟(jì)效益這一結(jié)論,意在激發(fā)建筑節(jié)能領(lǐng)域的思想碰撞,促進(jìn)節(jié)能技術(shù)的推廣應(yīng)用。 鑒于公共建筑的節(jié)能重要性,本文對(duì)公共建筑圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)節(jié)能進(jìn)行研究,主要工作有： 第一,通過(guò)查閱文獻(xiàn),闡述了國(guó)內(nèi)外相關(guān)領(lǐng)域研究現(xiàn)狀,包括節(jié)能標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的差異、節(jié)能設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)象、各構(gòu)件節(jié)能設(shè)計(jì)的思路、節(jié)能效果的影響因子、節(jié)能評(píng)價(jià)的指標(biāo)等等�？偨Y(jié)出了本文的研究?jī)?nèi)容、方法和理論。 第二,研究四川寒冷地區(qū)的氣候特點(diǎn)和熱工設(shè)計(jì)要求,結(jié)合我國(guó)公共建筑和民用建筑節(jié)能技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和規(guī)范,總結(jié)出公共建筑圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)中常用的屋面、外墻、外窗和地面節(jié)能技術(shù)的構(gòu)造層次,確定用于比較圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)類(lèi)型。 第三,運(yùn)用正交試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)的原理和方法,設(shè)計(jì)了16種圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)節(jié)能構(gòu)件組合方式,其中,運(yùn)用了同位級(jí)的L16(44)正交表,使方案之間具有均衡分散和整齊可比的性質(zhì)。通過(guò)能耗模擬的方法,采用了PBECA2012軟件,計(jì)算出16個(gè)組合圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)運(yùn)行階段的能耗量。經(jīng)過(guò)排隊(duì)評(píng)分法的初步分析,得到該模型中對(duì)圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)能耗影響的構(gòu)件先后順序?yàn)橥獯�、外墻、屋面、地面�?第四,采用清單計(jì)價(jià)的編制方式,計(jì)算出節(jié)能?chē)o(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)的節(jié)能初始成本增量,結(jié)合能耗軟件模擬結(jié)果得到的年節(jié)能收益,以節(jié)能差額凈現(xiàn)值和動(dòng)態(tài)投資回收期作為主要指標(biāo)建立經(jīng)濟(jì)評(píng)價(jià)模型,對(duì)節(jié)能組合方案進(jìn)行對(duì)比研究,差額凈現(xiàn)值都大于零,且動(dòng)態(tài)投資回收期都遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)小于建筑壽命期,因此認(rèn)為各節(jié)能組合均具有投資可行性。 第五,運(yùn)用不確定性分析的方法,對(duì)節(jié)能差額凈現(xiàn)值和動(dòng)態(tài)投資回收期進(jìn)行單因素敏感性研究,得到敏感性順序分別為節(jié)能效率折現(xiàn)率節(jié)能成本變動(dòng)率電價(jià)增長(zhǎng)率和節(jié)能成本變動(dòng)率實(shí)際節(jié)能效率折現(xiàn)率電價(jià)增長(zhǎng)率。針對(duì)節(jié)能差額凈現(xiàn)值影響較大的節(jié)能效率和折現(xiàn)率進(jìn)行雙因素敏感性研究,得到節(jié)能效率和折現(xiàn)率同時(shí)變動(dòng)時(shí)對(duì)差額凈現(xiàn)值的影響程度和方案的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。 最后,通過(guò)九寨溝縣的綜合辦公樓實(shí)例,驗(yàn)證了四川省寒冷地區(qū)圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)節(jié)能的技術(shù)先進(jìn)性和經(jīng)濟(jì)合理性�？偨Y(jié)論文研究的成果,對(duì)我國(guó)公共建筑節(jié)能發(fā)出倡議。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of economy, the total amount of building area has been rising, and the construction industry has been greatly developed. However, the development of this stage shows extensive characteristics, the thermal environment problem in the building has not been paid enough attention to, and can not meet the requirements of indoor environment comfort. At the same time, the building with high energy consumption has caused serious energy waste and environmental pollution, which does not meet the national policy requirements of building a resource-saving and environment-friendly society under the background of the tense energy situation in our country. By using qualitative and quantitative methods to study the technical and economic efficiency of energy saving in public buildings, it is obtained that adopting appropriate energy saving technology can improve the comfort of indoor thermal environment, reduce environmental pollution and improve ecological environment, at the same time, The conclusion of considerable economic benefit is intended to stimulate the collision of ideas in the field of building energy conservation and to promote the popularization and application of energy saving technology. In view of the importance of energy conservation in public buildings, the main work of this paper is as follows: first, by consulting the literature, this paper expounds the current research situation in related fields at home and abroad, including the differences of energy conservation standards. Energy-saving design object, the ideas of each component energy-saving design, the influence factor of energy-saving effect, the index of energy-saving evaluation and so on. The research contents, methods and theories of this paper are summarized. Second, the climatic characteristics and thermal design requirements of cold areas in Sichuan Province are studied. Combined with the technical standards and specifications for energy conservation of public buildings and civil buildings in China, the common roof and exterior walls of public building envelope structures are summarized. External windows and floor energy-saving technologies are structured to determine the type of enclosure structure used to compare. Thirdly, using the principle and method of orthogonal test design, 16 kinds of energy saving components combination of envelope structure are designed, in which, the orthogonal table of the same level L16C44) is used, which makes the schemes have the properties of equilibrium, dispersion and neatly comparable. Using PBECA2012 software, the energy consumption of 16 composite envelope structures was calculated by energy consumption simulation. Through the preliminary analysis of the queuing scoring method, it is obtained that the order of the components that affect the energy consumption of the envelope structure in this model is the outer window, the external wall, the roof and the ground. Fourthly, the energy saving initial cost increment of the energy saving envelope structure is calculated by using the method of list valuation, and the annual energy saving income is obtained by combining the energy consumption software simulation results. Taking the net present value of energy saving difference and the recovery period of dynamic investment as the main indexes, the economic evaluation model is established. The comparison of the energy saving combination scheme shows that the difference net present value is greater than zero, and the recovery period of dynamic investment is much smaller than the life cycle of the building. Therefore, it is considered that each energy-saving portfolio has investment feasibility. Fifthly, using the method of uncertainty analysis, we study the sensitivity of single factor to the difference net present value of energy saving and the payback period of dynamic investment. The order of sensitivity is energy efficiency discount rate energy saving cost change rate electricity price growth rate and actual energy saving efficiency discount rate electricity price growth rate. This paper studies the sensitivity of energy saving efficiency and discount rate which have great influence on the net present value of energy saving difference, and obtains the degree of influence on the difference net present value and the risk of the scheme when the energy saving efficiency and discount rate change at the same time. Finally, through the example of the comprehensive office building in Jiuzhaigou County, the technical advancement and economic rationality of the energy saving of the enclosure structure in the cold area of Sichuan Province are verified. Summing up the research results of the paper, to our country public building energy-saving initiatives.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TU111.4

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