本文選題：巖石 + 溫度　； 參考：《上海理工大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：巖石所賦存的地質(zhì)條件十分復(fù)雜,在眾多影響巖石破壞的因素中,化學(xué)、溫度、應(yīng)力的影響十分顯著。本文對經(jīng)歷化學(xué)-溫度-應(yīng)力耦合作用的花崗巖進行了一系列相關(guān)的力學(xué)試驗研究,分析了多因素下巖石的力學(xué)性能的變化規(guī)律和損傷機理。從單一因素出發(fā),逐步研究多因素對巖石力學(xué)性能的影響,因此,本文主要從以下四個方面開展研究:(1)通過研究20℃~800℃高溫狀態(tài)的花崗巖在自然冷卻(在爐膛中)和水中快速冷卻后的力學(xué)性能,分析了花崗巖在單軸壓縮下的破壞模式,從縱波波速、應(yīng)力-應(yīng)變曲線、峰值應(yīng)力、軸向峰值應(yīng)變、徑向峰值應(yīng)變、楊氏模量和微觀結(jié)構(gòu)等方面探討了溫度和冷卻方式對花崗巖力學(xué)性能的影響。試驗結(jié)果表明,花崗巖的縱波波速、峰值應(yīng)力和楊氏模量隨經(jīng)歷溫度的升高而衰減,水中快速冷卻比自然冷卻衰減的幅度更大。這說明溫度越高,花崗巖的力學(xué)性能劣化越嚴重,水中快速冷卻產(chǎn)生的熱沖擊加劇了花崗巖力學(xué)性能的劣化�；◢弾r水中快速冷卻后的峰值應(yīng)變小于自然冷卻后的峰值應(yīng)變,說明高溫狀態(tài)的花崗巖水中快速冷卻后,其脆性比自然冷卻后更加顯著。(2)通過研究花崗巖在不同化學(xué)溶液(水、Na OH溶液和HNO3溶液)中浸泡并凍融循環(huán)后的力學(xué)性能,分析了花崗巖在不同化學(xué)溶液中溶蝕及經(jīng)歷不同凍融循環(huán)次數(shù)后,在單軸壓縮作用下基本力學(xué)性能的變化規(guī)律。試驗結(jié)果表明,在水、Na OH和HNO3溶液中,隨著凍融循環(huán)次數(shù)的增加,花崗巖的縱波波速、楊氏模量、相對楊氏模量和峰值應(yīng)力均呈指數(shù)函數(shù)減小,縱波波速損失率和峰值應(yīng)力損失率均呈冪函數(shù)增加;軸向峰值應(yīng)變按Guass函數(shù)變化。HNO3對花崗巖的斷口形貌影響比較嚴重,而Na OH影響較弱。隨著凍融循環(huán)次數(shù)的增加,HNO3溶液作用過的花崗巖初期損傷劣化較大,后期損傷劣化較小,而Na OH溶液作用過的花崗巖初期損傷劣化較小,后期損傷劣化較大。(3)通過研究化學(xué)-溫度-應(yīng)力耦合作用(即在水、Na OH溶液和HNO3溶液浸泡和凍融循環(huán)、高溫作用并進行單軸壓縮)后花崗巖的力學(xué)性能,分析了花崗巖經(jīng)化學(xué)-溫度-應(yīng)力耦合作用后基本力學(xué)性能的變化規(guī)律。試驗結(jié)果表明,化學(xué)-溫度-應(yīng)力耦合作用下,溫度對破壞模式產(chǎn)生了一定的影響,主要表現(xiàn)在改變了柱狀劈裂破壞是花崗巖在單軸壓縮應(yīng)力作用下自身所固有的破壞模式,使破壞模式逐漸向剪切滑移發(fā)展�；◢弾r的縱波波速、楊氏模量和相對楊氏模量隨著溫度的升高均呈指數(shù)函數(shù)減小,縱波波速損失率隨著溫度的升高均呈冪函數(shù)增加,峰值應(yīng)力、相對峰值應(yīng)力、軸向峰值應(yīng)變和相對軸向峰值應(yīng)變隨著溫度的升高均呈logistic函數(shù)增大,這一變化趨勢與自然狀態(tài)的花崗巖力學(xué)性能隨溫度的變化趨勢一致。HNO3溶液加劇了花崗巖的損傷劣化,而Na OH溶液對花崗巖的損傷劣化有一定的抑制作用,但隨著溫度的升高,這種抑制作用逐漸減弱,甚至消失,反而促進花崗巖的損傷劣化。(4)從細觀力學(xué)和化學(xué)機理出發(fā),分析了高溫、化學(xué)浸泡、凍融循環(huán)及化學(xué)-溫度-應(yīng)力耦合作用下花崗巖的損傷機理,得出溫度應(yīng)力及化學(xué)反應(yīng)使巖石內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)和礦物成分發(fā)生改變,宏觀上表現(xiàn)為力學(xué)性能的損傷劣化。通過定義損傷變量,定量分析了化學(xué)-溫度-應(yīng)力耦合作用下花崗巖的損傷程度。本文依據(jù)試驗研究成果,總結(jié)了溫度變化、化學(xué)溶蝕、凍融循環(huán)和化學(xué)-溫度-應(yīng)力耦合作用等因素對巖石的力學(xué)性能損傷、變形和破壞的規(guī)律。這一問題的研究對解決目前巖石工程的許多現(xiàn)實問題和文物保護有重要的指導(dǎo)作用。
[Abstract]:The geological conditions of rock are very complicated, and the influence of chemical, temperature and stress is very significant in many factors that affect the rock failure. In this paper, a series of related mechanical tests are carried out on the granite with the interaction of chemical temperature and stress, and the change law of the mechanical properties of rocks under polyinin and the damage machine are analyzed. According to the single factor, the influence of multiple factors on the mechanical properties of rock is gradually studied. Therefore, this paper mainly studies the following four aspects: (1) the failure modes of granite under uniaxial compression are analyzed by studying the mechanical properties of granite at the high temperature of ~800 C at 20 C in the natural cooling (in the furnace) and in the water. The influence of temperature and cooling mode on the mechanical properties of granite is discussed from the aspects of longitudinal wave velocity, stress strain curve, peak stress, axial peak strain, radial peak strain, Young's modulus and microstructure. The experimental results show that the longitudinal wave velocity of granite, peak stress and Young's modulus attenuate with the increase of experienced temperature. It shows that the speed of rapid cooling is greater than that of natural cooling. This shows that the higher the temperature, the worse the mechanical properties of granite, the deterioration of the mechanical properties of granite resulting from rapid cooling in water. The peak strain after rapid cooling in granite water is less than the peak strain after the natural cooling, indicating the granite in the high temperature state. After rapid cooling of rock water, its brittleness is more significant than that after natural cooling. (2) by studying the mechanical properties of granite after soaking in different chemical solutions (water, Na OH solution and HNO3 solution) and after freezing and thawing cycle, the corrosion of granite in different chemical solutions and the different cycles of freezing and thawing cycle have been analyzed under uniaxial compression. The experimental results show that in water, Na OH and HNO3 solutions, with the increase of the number of freezing and thawing cycles, the longitudinal wave velocity, Young's modulus, Young's modulus and peak stress of the granite decrease exponentially, both the longitudinal wave velocity loss rate and the peak stress loss rate increase with the power function, and the axial peak strain is Guass. The change of function.HNO3 has a serious influence on the fracture morphology of granite, but the effect of Na OH is weaker. With the increase of the number of freezing and thawing cycles, the early damage deterioration of granite with HNO3 solution is larger and the later damage deterioration is smaller, while the initial damage deterioration of granite with Na OH solution is smaller, and the later damage deterioration is larger. (3) through the study The mechanical properties of granite after chemical temperature stress coupling (i.e. water, Na OH solution and HNO3 solution and freezing thawing cycle, high temperature action and uniaxial compression) were studied. The change law of basic mechanical properties of granite after chemical temperature stress coupling was analyzed. The degree has a certain influence on the failure mode, which mainly shows that the failure mode of the columnar splitting is the inherent failure mode of the granite under the uniaxial compression stress, which makes the failure mode develop gradually to the shear slip. The longitudinal wave velocity of granite, the young's modulus and the relative Young's modulus are exponentially function with the increase of temperature. As the temperature rises, the rate of longitudinal wave velocity loss increases with the increase of the temperature, the peak stress, the relative peak stress, the axial peak strain and the relative axial peak strain increase with the increase of the temperature, which is consistent with the tendency of the natural state of the granite force with the temperature change, which is consistent with the.HNO3 solution plus the temperature. The damage deterioration of granites is deteriorated, and the Na OH solution has a certain inhibition effect on the damage and deterioration of granite. But with the increase of temperature, this inhibition gradually decreases and even disappears, but promotes the deterioration of the granite. (4) from the micromechanics and chemical mechanism, the high temperature, chemical soaking, freezing and thawing cycle and chemical temperature are analyzed. The damage mechanism of granite under the coupling of degree and stress is obtained. It is concluded that the temperature stress and chemical reaction make the internal structure and mineral composition of the rock change, and the damage deterioration of the mechanical properties is expressed in macroscopic view. By defining the damage variable, the damage degree of the granite is quantitatively analyzed by the chemical temperature stress coupling. The research results have summarized the laws of damage, deformation and destruction of rock mechanical properties, such as temperature change, chemical dissolution, freezing thawing cycle and chemical temperature stress coupling effect. The study of this problem has a important guiding role to solve many practical problems of rock engineering and the protection of cultural relics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU45

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本文編號：2021921