本文選題：砂巖質(zhì)煤矸石 + 保溫泡沫材料��； 參考：《東北大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：煤矸石是我國(guó)占地最多和累計(jì)存量最大的工業(yè)廢棄物。煤矸石每年排放量超過(guò)3億噸,逐年增長(zhǎng),約占全國(guó)工業(yè)廢渣排放量的1/4。大量的煤矸石堆積成矸石山不僅侵占土地破壞生態(tài)環(huán)境,而且容易引發(fā)地質(zhì)災(zāi)害。其淋濾物污染水體,自燃后生成有害氣體污染環(huán)境、影響人體健康。另一方面,隨著新一輪建筑節(jié)能65%的設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在全國(guó)開(kāi)始推廣實(shí)施,建筑物安全防火性能要求愈發(fā)嚴(yán)格,有機(jī)保溫材料由于在防火性能上的缺陷,將會(huì)受到很大的使用限制,急需無(wú)機(jī)防火的保溫材料替代。國(guó)內(nèi)對(duì)于煤矸石的大宗資源化利用,用以制取空心磚等傳統(tǒng)建材較多,應(yīng)用也比較成熟,而用于燒制泡沫保溫墻體材料尚處于起步階段。由于煤矸石外墻保溫泡沫材料的保溫防火性能優(yōu)越,用以建筑物外墻保溫,能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)建筑向綠色、低耗方向發(fā)展,市場(chǎng)需求巨大,應(yīng)用前景廣泛。當(dāng)前,國(guó)內(nèi)用膨脹珍珠巖、巖棉等研制無(wú)機(jī)保溫材料的研究應(yīng)用較多,取得了一定的成果。但以煤矸石為主要原料的相關(guān)研究很少,只有少量的黏土質(zhì)煤矸石研究,類似遼寧朝陽(yáng)地區(qū)的砂巖質(zhì)煤矸石,由于可塑性低,成型困難,嚴(yán)重制約了其大宗化、資源化利用。本文以砂巖質(zhì)煤矸石為主要原料,摻配拋光磚泥,通過(guò)理論分析發(fā)泡造孔機(jī)理和試驗(yàn)研究,探索一套提高原料可塑性、生產(chǎn)合格制品的工藝技術(shù)方案。本試驗(yàn)采取優(yōu)化顆粒級(jí)配、陳化增塑、添加無(wú)機(jī)增塑劑等措施提高煤矸石泥料的塑性；選取拋光磚泥為輔料,以體積密度、抗壓強(qiáng)度、導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)為指標(biāo),通過(guò)摻量的不同,分析摻入料對(duì)前述指標(biāo)的影響,在保證燒結(jié)制品品質(zhì)的基礎(chǔ)上,確定最大化利用砂巖質(zhì)煤矸石的最佳配合比例；以前期試驗(yàn)和分析研究為基礎(chǔ),選用水玻璃為粘結(jié)劑,碳化硅和氧化鎂為復(fù)合造孔劑,硼砂為助熔劑,設(shè)計(jì)正交試驗(yàn)確定了適宜的添加劑添加量；以對(duì)燒結(jié)制度影響較大的預(yù)熱溫度、預(yù)熱時(shí)間、燒結(jié)溫度和保溫時(shí)間為四個(gè)因素進(jìn)行燒結(jié)方案優(yōu)化,確定了燒制保溫材料的最佳工藝條件：預(yù)熱溫度400℃、預(yù)熱時(shí)間20min、燒結(jié)溫度1150℃、保溫時(shí)間20min。該條件下燒制的保溫材料質(zhì)量符合制品的質(zhì)量要求。
[Abstract]:Coal gangue is the largest industrial waste in China. The annual discharge of coal gangue exceeds 300 million tons, increasing year by year, accounting for about a quarter of the national discharge of industrial waste residue. A large amount of coal gangue accumulated into gangue mountain not only encroaches on the land to destroy the ecological environment, but also easily causes geological disasters. Its leachate pollutes the water body and produces harmful gas to pollute the environment after spontaneous combustion, which affects human health. On the other hand, with the implementation of a new round of design standards for building energy conservation of 65%, the requirements for building safety and fire resistance are becoming more stringent, and the use of organic insulation materials will be greatly restricted because of their defects in fire resistance. It is urgent to replace the thermal insulation material with inorganic fire resistance. In China, there are many traditional building materials such as hollow brick, which are used to make hollow brick, and the application is mature, but it is still in the initial stage for burning foam insulation wall materials. Because of the superior thermal insulation and fire resistance of coal gangue exterior wall thermal insulation foam material used for building exterior wall insulation can realize the development of building towards green and low consumption. The market demand is huge and the application prospect is wide. At present, the research and application of inorganic insulation materials such as expanded perlite and rock wool have been widely used in China, and some achievements have been made. However, the research on coal gangue as the main raw material is rare, only a small amount of clay coal gangue is studied, similar to the sandstone coal gangue in Chaoyang area of Liaoning Province, because of its low plasticity and difficult forming, it seriously restricts its mass and resource utilization. In this paper, sandstone coal gangue is used as the main raw material, mixed with polished brick mud. Through theoretical analysis of foaming mechanism and experimental study, a set of technological scheme to improve the plasticity of raw materials and produce qualified products is explored. In this experiment, some measures such as optimizing particle gradation, aging plasticizing and adding inorganic plasticizer are adopted to improve the plasticity of coal gangue, and the polished brick slime is selected as auxiliary material, and the volume density, compressive strength and thermal conductivity are taken as indexes, and the content of different admixture is different. On the basis of analyzing the influence of the admixture on the above indexes, on the basis of ensuring the quality of the sintered products, the optimum proportion of maximizing the utilization of sandstone gangue is determined, and the water glass is chosen as the binder on the basis of preliminary test and analysis. Using silicon carbide and magnesium oxide as composite pore-making agent and borax as flux, the optimum additive amount was determined by orthogonal test, and the preheating temperature and preheating time were greatly affected by sintering process. Four factors, sintering temperature and holding time, were optimized, and the optimum process conditions were determined: preheating temperature 400 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：2013910