本文選題：徽州傳統(tǒng)民居 + 光環(huán)境�。� 參考：《安徽工業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：傳統(tǒng)民居是長期適應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)刈匀画h(huán)境與社會(huì)環(huán)境的產(chǎn)物，在實(shí)際使用中經(jīng)過不斷地調(diào)試改良，形成了各種氣候適應(yīng)性的方法與技術(shù)。位于皖南地區(qū)的徽派傳統(tǒng)民居在室內(nèi)環(huán)境營造方面有著良好的氣候適應(yīng)性，傳統(tǒng)民居的天井對于室內(nèi)空氣流動(dòng)及采光具有重要作用，它是徽派建筑空間中最積極、最活躍的構(gòu)成要素。 通過對徽州傳統(tǒng)民居的實(shí)地調(diào)研，掌握了傳統(tǒng)民居室內(nèi)環(huán)境的影響要素，村落的選址規(guī)劃、水系的設(shè)計(jì)、街巷及天井空間為室內(nèi)環(huán)境的營造創(chuàng)造了有利的條件。通過對幾棟具有代表性的傳統(tǒng)民居室內(nèi)外環(huán)境的連續(xù)實(shí)測，掌握了傳統(tǒng)民居室內(nèi)環(huán)境現(xiàn)狀。實(shí)測結(jié)果顯示傳統(tǒng)民居圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)隔熱性能較好，過渡季節(jié)室外平均風(fēng)速為0.75m/s，在夏季、過渡季節(jié)能夠利用自然通風(fēng)進(jìn)行通風(fēng)降溫；圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)冬季防寒效果較差；傳統(tǒng)民居明堂的采光系數(shù)均在2%以上，滿足《綠色建筑評價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》中對于室內(nèi)采光系數(shù)的要求。 以典型三合院式民居樹人堂為研究對象，借助ECOTECT軟件研究樹人堂室內(nèi)光環(huán)境及熱環(huán)境，得出傳統(tǒng)民居天井及室內(nèi)靈活隔斷對于采光具有重要意義，室內(nèi)采光系數(shù)最低值為2.1%，采光系數(shù)平均值為10.6%，采光均勻度為0.198，表明傳統(tǒng)民居室內(nèi)采光不均勻；外墻和木板之間的空氣層對于圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)隔熱效果顯著；夏季傳統(tǒng)民居通過圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)得熱量占到總得熱量的5.5%，而在冬季通過圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)損失的熱量很大，占總熱損失的51.1%，表明傳統(tǒng)民居圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)在冬季保溫效果不良。 以樹人堂為研究對象，借助AIRPAK軟件研究樹人堂室內(nèi)外風(fēng)環(huán)境，建立了3棟建筑組成的并列式建筑群組，模擬封閉的建筑群組處于大氣邊界層中室外區(qū)域的風(fēng)場分布情況。結(jié)果顯示迎風(fēng)面風(fēng)壓處于1.3~1.6Pa之間，風(fēng)壓作用下自然通風(fēng)能力沿著建筑高度方向遞增，在建筑物的2/3高度處風(fēng)壓達(dá)到最大，為1.6Pa。背風(fēng)面風(fēng)壓在-0.5~0Pa之間，建筑前后壓差達(dá)到2Pa，，為民居室內(nèi)自然通風(fēng)的營造創(chuàng)造了條件。研究了樹人堂在3種模擬工況（夏季主導(dǎo)風(fēng)向下、白天靜風(fēng)工況及夜間靜風(fēng)工況）下的室內(nèi)風(fēng)環(huán)境，得出天井對于夜間熱壓通風(fēng)效果顯著。 通過以上連續(xù)實(shí)測及模擬分析發(fā)現(xiàn)，徽州傳統(tǒng)民居通過利用建筑朝向、采用天井熱壓、風(fēng)壓等通風(fēng)模式及合理布置室內(nèi)冷源來營造自然通風(fēng)；通過天井及室內(nèi)靈活隔斷來營造自然采光；圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)采用流動(dòng)的空氣層來達(dá)到隔熱的效果。同時(shí)，傳統(tǒng)民居由于開窗小，不利于穿堂風(fēng)的形成，導(dǎo)致民居臥室通風(fēng)差；存在室內(nèi)采光不均勻、圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)不利于冬季防寒等問題。針對傳統(tǒng)民居存在的問題進(jìn)行了改善并對有利于室內(nèi)環(huán)境營造方面的生態(tài)元素進(jìn)行了現(xiàn)代更新，從建筑布局、開窗、天井尺寸等方面對新型民居進(jìn)行了改造，為在新農(nóng)村建設(shè)形勢下徽州地區(qū)的現(xiàn)代民居建筑的設(shè)計(jì)提供理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Traditional residence is the product of adapting to the local natural and social environment for a long time. Through continuous adjustment and improvement in practical use, various methods and techniques of climate adaptability have been formed. Huizhou traditional residence in the south of Anhui has good climate adaptability in indoor environment construction. The patio of traditional residence plays an important role in indoor air flow and daylighting, and it is the most active building space of Huizhou school. The most active component. Based on the field investigation of Huizhou traditional residential buildings, the factors influencing the indoor environment of traditional houses, the location planning of villages, the design of water system, the streets and lanes and the space of patio have created favorable conditions for the indoor environment construction. Through the continuous measurement of the indoor and outdoor environment of several representative traditional houses, the present situation of indoor environment of the traditional houses is grasped. The measured results show that the thermal insulation performance of the traditional residential enclosure structure is better, the average outdoor wind speed is 0.75 m / s in the transition season, in summer, natural ventilation can be used to reduce the temperature in the transition season, and the cold prevention effect of the enclosure structure in winter is poor. The daylighting coefficient of the traditional Ming Hall is above 2%, which meets the requirement of indoor lighting coefficient in the Green Building Evaluation Standard. Taking Shuren Hall, a typical residential building of Sanheyuan, as the research object, and using ECOTECT software to study the indoor light environment and thermal environment of Shurentang, it is concluded that the traditional residential patio and flexible indoor partition are of great significance for daylighting. The lowest value of indoor lighting coefficient is 2.1, the average daylighting coefficient is 10.6 and the light uniformity is 0.198, which indicates that the indoor lighting of traditional residential buildings is uneven, and the air layer between exterior wall and plank has remarkable effect on the insulation of enclosure structure. In summer, the traditional residential buildings get 5.5% of the total heat through the enclosure structure, while in winter, the heat loss through the enclosure structure is very large, accounting for 51.1% of the total heat loss, which indicates that the heat preservation effect of the traditional residential enclosure structure in winter is not good. Taking Shuren Hall as the research object and using AIRPAK software to study the indoor and outdoor wind environment of Shuren Hall, a parallel building group composed of three buildings was established to simulate the wind field distribution of the closed building group in the outdoor area of the atmospheric boundary layer. The results show that the windward wind pressure is between 1.3~1.6Pa and the natural ventilation capacity increases along the direction of building height under the action of wind pressure. The maximum wind pressure is 1.6 Paat at 2 / 3 height of the building. The pressure of leeward is between -0.5 and 0. 0 Pa, and the difference of pressure before and after building is 2 Pa. this creates conditions for the construction of natural ventilation in the living room. The indoor wind environment of Shurentang under three simulated conditions (summer dominant wind direction daytime static wind and night static wind) has been studied. The results show that the effectiveness of patio for nocturnal hot press ventilation is remarkable. Through the continuous measurement and simulation analysis above, it is found that Huizhou traditional houses build natural ventilation by using building orientation, adopting ventilation mode such as hot pressure of patio, wind pressure and reasonable arrangement of indoor cold source. The natural lighting is created by the flexible partition of the patio and indoor, and the heat insulation is achieved by using the flowing air layer in the enclosure. At the same time, because of the small window opening, the traditional residence is not conducive to the formation of the entrance wind, resulting in poor ventilation in the bedrooms, the indoor lighting is uneven, and the enclosure structure is not conducive to winter cold prevention and so on. In view of the problems existing in the traditional residential buildings, this paper improves the ecological elements in favor of indoor environmental construction, and renovates the new residential buildings from the aspects of architectural layout, window opening and the size of the patio, and so on. It provides a theoretical basis for the design of modern residential buildings in Huizhou under the situation of new rural construction.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU241.5

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