本文選題：土遺址 + 植物�。� 參考：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：大型土遺址是文化遺產(chǎn)的重要組成部分，是中華燦爛文明的物證，具有一定的歷史價(jià)值、藝術(shù)價(jià)值、科學(xué)價(jià)值和社會(huì)價(jià)值。因此，，大遺址的保護(hù)具有重大的歷史及現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)的發(fā)展，城市建設(shè)速度日益加快，遺址保護(hù)面臨著巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。生態(tài)環(huán)境的惡化嚴(yán)重威脅著脆弱的遺址的保存。近年來(lái)土遺址保護(hù)的理論和實(shí)踐證明，植被與土遺址保護(hù)息息相關(guān)，根系發(fā)達(dá)的植被會(huì)促使夯土裂縫的產(chǎn)生，破壞夯土的自然節(jié)理，其機(jī)械作用造成的坍塌現(xiàn)象成為保護(hù)工作中的棘手問(wèn)題。 本研究在實(shí)地調(diào)查的基礎(chǔ)上，總結(jié)了西安地區(qū)土遺址的主要病害類(lèi)型，并著重分析了植物的侵蝕作用。繼而，文章以阿房宮前殿遺址為例，通過(guò)研究不同植物的根系對(duì)裂隙發(fā)育的貢獻(xiàn)，分析植被的各項(xiàng)測(cè)量因子與裂隙大小的相關(guān)性，總結(jié)了植物對(duì)土遺址的作用機(jī)理并提出適栽植物要求，以期為土遺址植被侵蝕方面的研究做出貢獻(xiàn)。研究結(jié)果如下： 1.西安地區(qū)的土遺址自然侵蝕病害類(lèi)型主要有：裂隙坍塌、基礎(chǔ)掏蝕、表面剝蝕、沖溝發(fā)育及洞穴遺存，成因?yàn)椋褐参锔底饔眉坝晡g、風(fēng)化侵蝕等的共同作用。其中，根劈裂隙是半干旱地區(qū)土遺址面臨的主要威脅，而植物的生長(zhǎng)對(duì)已有病害類(lèi)型都產(chǎn)生了不同程度的作用。 2.阿房宮前殿遺址上方的植物多樣性較低，草本的豐富度高于喬木層和灌木層。遺址分布的主要植物為：構(gòu)樹(shù)（Broussonetia papyrifera）、臭椿（Ailanthus altissima）、酸棗（Ziziphus jujuba）和榆樹(shù)（Ulmus pumila）。 3.酸棗、臭椿、榆樹(shù)是目前對(duì)阿房宮前殿遺址裂隙侵蝕最嚴(yán)重的樹(shù)種。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，根系發(fā)達(dá)、下扎能力強(qiáng)的深根系樹(shù)種（主要為喬木、灌木）對(duì)裂縫的貢獻(xiàn)率較大，另外，根的直徑與裂縫面積的相關(guān)性最高。 4.選擇土遺址適栽植物時(shí)應(yīng)注意：(1)遺址上方避免栽植根系發(fā)達(dá)的喬木、灌木等深根系樹(shù)種；(2)臺(tái)地邊緣可選用該地區(qū)常見(jiàn)草本，要求蓋度大、易于管理；(3)臺(tái)地周?chē)煞N植喬木，以減少風(fēng)蝕及徑流產(chǎn)生的侵蝕；(4)為了不影響遺址原貌性，栽植物種應(yīng)符合遺址氛圍。
[Abstract]:Large-scale earthen sites are an important part of cultural heritage and a material evidence of China's splendid civilization. They have certain historical value, artistic value, scientific value and social value. Therefore, the protection of the great ruins has great historical and practical significance. With the development of economic construction, the speed of urban construction is accelerating day by day. The deterioration of ecological environment is a serious threat to the preservation of fragile sites. In recent years, the theory and practice of earth-site protection have proved that vegetation is closely related to earth-site protection, and the vegetation with well-developed roots will promote the generation of rammed soil cracks and destroy the natural joints of rammed soil. The collapse caused by mechanical action has become a thorny problem in the protection work. On the basis of field investigation, the main disease types of soil sites in Xi'an are summarized, and the erosion of plants is emphatically analyzed. Then, taking the Qiandian site of Afanggong as an example, through studying the contribution of root system of different plants to fissure development, this paper analyzes the correlation between the measuring factors of vegetation and the size of fissures. This paper summarizes the mechanism of plants acting on earthen sites and puts forward the requirements of suitable plants in order to contribute to the study of vegetation erosion in earthen sites. The findings are as follows: 1. The main types of natural erosion diseases in Xi'an are crack collapse, foundation erosion, surface erosion, gully development and cave remains, because of the joint action of plant root system and rain erosion, weathering erosion and so on. Among them, root cleavage is the main threat to soil sites in semi-arid areas, and the growth of plants has played a role in different degrees to the existing disease types. 2. The diversity of plants above the site is low, and the richness of herbs is higher than that of tree layer and shrub layer. The main plants distributed in the site are Broussonetia papyrifera, Ailanthus altissimaa, Ziziphus jujuba and Ulmus pumila. 3. Zizyphus jujuba, stink, elm is the most serious erosion of the cracks in the front temple site of Afanggong. It was found that the deep root species (mainly trees and shrubs) with developed root system and strong ability to lower root contributed to the crack. In addition, the correlation between root diameter and crack area was the highest. 4. When selecting suitable plants for planting in earthen sites, attention should be paid to avoiding planting trees, shrubs, and other deep-rooted trees with developed roots above the site.) the edge of the platform can be selected from common herbs in this area, requiring large coverage and easy management. Trees can be planted around the terrace. In order to reduce the erosion caused by wind erosion and runoff, the planting species should conform to the site atmosphere in order not to affect the original appearance of the site.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TU-87;Q948

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