本文選題：水泥基建筑材料 + 碳捕集��； 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來國內(nèi)外土木工程領(lǐng)域研究表明,二氧化碳?xì)怏w作為一種新型建筑材料添加劑,可用來改造水泥基建筑材料如混凝土、水泥瓦、水泥再生磚的材料性能。利用二氧化碳作為添加劑,不僅使改造后的建材性能優(yōu)良,而且能大大減少溫室氣體的排放。直接從大氣中捕獲二氧化碳十分困難,實(shí)驗(yàn)室生產(chǎn)的二氧化碳只會(huì)加重對(duì)環(huán)境的污染,因此如何高效捕捉排放源中二氧化碳將直接影響這種新型材料在土木工程中的廣泛應(yīng)用。煤炭能源消耗是二氧化碳最大集中排放源,將燃煤煙氣中產(chǎn)生的大量廢氣二氧化碳進(jìn)行捕集回收,對(duì)水泥基材料進(jìn)行碳化改造,不僅可以提高建筑材料的性能,而且能有效控制大氣中二氧化碳的排放、減緩溫室效應(yīng),可謂一舉兩得。本文對(duì)燃煤煙氣中二氧化碳捕集過程進(jìn)行相應(yīng)研究,并利用計(jì)算流體動(dòng)力學(xué)對(duì)碳捕集過程進(jìn)行模擬分析,為二氧化碳在建筑行業(yè)的廣泛應(yīng)用奠定基礎(chǔ)。目前可利用的二氧化碳捕獲技術(shù)主要包括:燃燒前捕獲技術(shù)、富氧燃燒捕獲技術(shù)及燃燒后捕獲技術(shù)。燃燒后脫碳技術(shù)當(dāng)前最可行的方法,工業(yè)中常利用化學(xué)溶劑吸收法進(jìn)行燃燒后碳捕集。本文利用計(jì)算流體動(dòng)力學(xué)對(duì)碳捕集吸收塔裝置中氨水吸收二氧化碳過程進(jìn)行模擬。采用化學(xué)溶劑吸收法,以吸收塔內(nèi)填料層為單元模型,分別模擬了填料單元內(nèi)氣相單相流、氣液兩相流動(dòng)過程以及帶化學(xué)反應(yīng)的氣液兩相吸收過程。由氣相單相流動(dòng)可得到與吸收反應(yīng)相關(guān)的壓降信息,有助于對(duì)填料設(shè)備的幾何構(gòu)造進(jìn)行優(yōu)化。由氣液兩相流動(dòng)可模擬得到液體從液膜到溪流、液滴的流動(dòng)狀態(tài)。將模擬結(jié)果與相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果對(duì)比,驗(yàn)證了模型模擬方法的正確性,也為后續(xù)研究氨水吸收二氧化碳的氣液吸收過程奠定了基礎(chǔ)。由組分輸運(yùn)模型、通用有限速率模型和化學(xué)反應(yīng)動(dòng)力學(xué)建立了帶化學(xué)反應(yīng)的氣液吸收模型,并通過填料表面生成碳酸氫銨濃度計(jì)算得到二氧化碳的吸收率。在該模型基礎(chǔ)上,考慮氣液質(zhì)量傳遞過程,編寫UDF程序,建立了考慮氣液質(zhì)量傳遞的化學(xué)反應(yīng)模型,并將兩種模型模擬結(jié)果進(jìn)行了分析對(duì)比。在此基礎(chǔ)上,改變氨水吸收二氧化碳過程的操作條件如:氣液體入口流量、二氧化碳入口濃度、氨水入口濃度、壓強(qiáng)等,分析了吸收塔填料層內(nèi)碳捕集過程的影響因素,模擬結(jié)果與相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果一致。
[Abstract]:In recent years, civil engineering research at home and abroad shows that carbon dioxide gas, as a new additive of building materials, can be used to improve the material properties of cement based building materials such as concrete, cement tiles and cement recycled bricks. Using carbon dioxide as additive can not only improve the performance of modified building materials, but also greatly reduce greenhouse gas emissions. It is very difficult to capture carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere, and the carbon dioxide produced in the laboratory will only aggravate the pollution to the environment. Therefore, how to capture carbon dioxide from the emission sources efficiently will directly affect the wide application of this new material in civil engineering. Coal energy consumption is the largest concentrated emission source of carbon dioxide. It can not only improve the performance of building materials, but also capture and recover a large number of waste gas carbon dioxide from coal-fired flue gas and carbonize cement based materials. And can effectively control atmospheric carbon dioxide emissions, slow down Greenhouse Effect, can kill two birds with one stone. In this paper, the process of carbon dioxide capture in coal-fired flue gas is studied, and the process of carbon capture is simulated and analyzed by using computational fluid dynamics, which lays a foundation for the wide application of carbon dioxide in the construction industry. Currently available carbon dioxide capture technologies mainly include pre-combustion capture technology, oxygen-enriched combustion capture technology and post-combustion capture technology. The chemical solvent absorption method is often used to capture carbon after combustion in industry, which is the most feasible method of post-combustion decarbonization. In this paper, the process of ammonia absorbing carbon dioxide in carbon capture and absorption tower is simulated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The single-phase gas flow, gas-liquid two-phase flow process and gas-liquid two-phase absorption process with chemical reaction were simulated by using the chemical solvent absorption method and the packed layer in the absorber as the unit model. The pressure drop information related to the absorption reaction can be obtained from the gas phase single-phase flow, which is helpful to optimize the geometric structure of packing equipment. The flow state of liquid from liquid film to stream can be simulated by gas-liquid two-phase flow. By comparing the simulation results with the experimental results of related literatures, the correctness of the model simulation method is verified, and the basis for further study on the gas-liquid absorption process of carbon dioxide absorption by ammonia water is established. The gas-liquid absorption model with chemical reaction was established by component transport model, general finite rate model and chemical reaction kinetics. The absorption rate of carbon dioxide was calculated by the concentration of ammonium bicarbonate on the surface of filler. On the basis of this model, considering the process of gas-liquid mass transfer, the UDF program is written, and the chemical reaction model considering the gas-liquid mass transfer is established, and the simulation results of the two models are analyzed and compared. On this basis, changing the operating conditions of the process of ammonia absorption of carbon dioxide, such as: the inlet flow rate of gas and liquid, the inlet concentration of carbon dioxide, the inlet concentration of ammonia water, the pressure, etc., the influencing factors of carbon capture process in the packed layer of absorption tower are analyzed. The simulation results are consistent with the experimental results.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TU528

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 黃斌;劉練波;許世森;;二氧化碳的捕獲和封存技術(shù)進(jìn)展[J];中國電力;2007年03期

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本文編號(hào)：1811994