發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-26 11:00

  本文選題：西南山地 + 空間適災(zāi)��； 參考：《重慶大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：自人類進(jìn)入聚居，，就學(xué)會(huì)了利用空間進(jìn)行避災(zāi)、防災(zāi)、甚至抗災(zāi)的實(shí)踐。但隨著城市的發(fā)展，研究分工開(kāi)始細(xì)化，城市防災(zāi)減災(zāi)研究也開(kāi)始深入到針對(duì)每個(gè)災(zāi)種進(jìn)行較為細(xì)致的研究，而從總體上進(jìn)行城市空間防災(zāi)減災(zāi)的研究則較少。城市空間是一個(gè)功能復(fù)雜的綜合體，往往需要面對(duì)不同已知和未知各種類型的災(zāi)害，且各種災(zāi)害所需要的防災(zāi)控制要求各不相同。這就使得城市防災(zāi)減災(zāi)工作往往都是“頭痛醫(yī)頭，腳痛醫(yī)腳”，哪里出現(xiàn)災(zāi)害就往哪里補(bǔ)救，缺乏利用整體城市空間主動(dòng)來(lái)防災(zāi)減災(zāi)的研究。 山地城市是災(zāi)害多發(fā)地區(qū)，其災(zāi)害的形成不僅是城市空間本身的問(wèn)題，還牽涉到城市所處的宏觀環(huán)境，以及城市表現(xiàn)出的空間形態(tài)。論文以復(fù)雜系統(tǒng)研究為主要方法，問(wèn)題導(dǎo)向?yàn)檠芯克悸�，�?duì)山地城市主要災(zāi)害類型進(jìn)行剖析，發(fā)現(xiàn)各類災(zāi)害過(guò)程對(duì)城市的影響在于宏觀破壞生態(tài)環(huán)境，中觀破壞城市結(jié)構(gòu)形態(tài)、微觀破壞城市空間要素。基于此，論文探討了宏觀城市外部環(huán)境、中觀城市結(jié)構(gòu)形態(tài)、微觀城市（內(nèi)部）空間構(gòu)成與城市災(zāi)害形成、發(fā)展以及衰減全過(guò)程的作用機(jī)制規(guī)律，并試圖通過(guò)對(duì)這些規(guī)律的認(rèn)識(shí)，建立起提高城市空間適災(zāi)能力的方法體系。 論文研究遵循“提出問(wèn)題—剖析問(wèn)題—理論建構(gòu)—機(jī)制探析—規(guī)劃干預(yù)”的技術(shù)路線。通過(guò)對(duì)城市外部環(huán)境、城市（內(nèi)部）空間構(gòu)成、城市結(jié)構(gòu)形態(tài)在災(zāi)害發(fā)展過(guò)程中的作用機(jī)制研究，初步建立起城市外部環(huán)境、城市空間及城市形態(tài)與災(zāi)害形成、發(fā)展和衰減之間的關(guān)聯(lián)作用模型；并通過(guò)對(duì)前三者的規(guī)劃調(diào)適，改變?yōu)暮υ?個(gè)階段的不同輸出狀態(tài)（災(zāi)害形成階段，通過(guò)調(diào)適相關(guān)空間要素阻止災(zāi)害的發(fā)生；災(zāi)害發(fā)展階段，通過(guò)控制相關(guān)空間要素限制災(zāi)害的擴(kuò)大；災(zāi)害衰減階段，則通過(guò)改變相關(guān)空間要素促進(jìn)災(zāi)害的快速衰減），以達(dá)到通過(guò)調(diào)控城市空間構(gòu)成要素來(lái)控制災(zāi)害的目的，提高城市空間對(duì)于災(zāi)害的適應(yīng)能力和承載能力。 （一）、在對(duì)西南山地城市災(zāi)害與城市空間作用規(guī)律認(rèn)識(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上，建立了從城市外部環(huán)境、城市（內(nèi)部）空間、空間形態(tài)等方面綜合進(jìn)行主動(dòng)防災(zāi)減災(zāi)的思路，提出城市空間適災(zāi)的理念，把城市空間對(duì)于災(zāi)害的“防御”進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)展到城市空間對(duì)于災(zāi)害的“適應(yīng)”，并系統(tǒng)闡述空間適災(zāi)理念的構(gòu)成、與相關(guān)概念的區(qū)別、空間適災(zāi)的作用機(jī)制及其優(yōu)勢(shì)。城市災(zāi)害的發(fā)生不可能根本杜絕，相反各種城市災(zāi)害的突發(fā)性和隨機(jī)性使得城市防不勝防。因此，城市在盡量預(yù)防災(zāi)害發(fā)生的同時(shí)，也要提高城市空間對(duì)于災(zāi)害的適應(yīng)能力和承載能力。這種適應(yīng)能力主要表現(xiàn)為提高城市空間的彈性，即既可防災(zāi)又可容災(zāi)，具有較好的防救能力，還可以在災(zāi)害過(guò)后支撐恢復(fù)重建，減少城市遭受的損失（論文1-3章）。 （二）、詳細(xì)分析了城市空間構(gòu)成要素與災(zāi)害過(guò)程的關(guān)系，對(duì)各個(gè)關(guān)鍵要素在城市空間防災(zāi)減災(zāi)中的作用進(jìn)行了分析。從總體認(rèn)識(shí)層面，可概括為城市所處的大環(huán)境即城市外部環(huán)境、城市本身的空間構(gòu)成和城市空間結(jié)構(gòu)形態(tài)3個(gè)方面。論文4-6章分別對(duì)涉及這3個(gè)方面的因子進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的研究，對(duì)其在災(zāi)害過(guò)程中所起到的作用進(jìn)行了分析。其中第4章分析了城市外部環(huán)境的適災(zāi)作用，其適災(zāi)特征表現(xiàn)為外部空間環(huán)境的整體性、可容納性和生態(tài)性。第5章分析了城市（內(nèi)部）空間適災(zāi)構(gòu)成要素，分別從城市空間適災(zāi)的功能系統(tǒng)、骨架系統(tǒng)、實(shí)體系統(tǒng)、支撐系統(tǒng)和引導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行研究，并探討各空間系統(tǒng)要素的適災(zāi)機(jī)制。第6章分析了城市空間適災(zāi)的形態(tài)特征，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了西南山地城市空間形態(tài)與環(huán)境相適應(yīng)的多組團(tuán)特征；西南山地城市的有機(jī)分散與緊湊集中特征；西南山地城市的道路交通引導(dǎo)空間形態(tài)發(fā)展特征；以及西南山地城市空間形態(tài)自組織特征。這些特征是影響城市空間適災(zāi)作用的重要因素（論文4-6章）。 （三）、從城市外部環(huán)境、城市空間、城市形態(tài)3個(gè)方面探討了城市空間適災(zāi)的影響要素，建立起城市外部環(huán)境、城市（內(nèi)部）空間、城市形態(tài)與災(zāi)害形成、發(fā)展和衰減之間的關(guān)聯(lián)作用模型，并分析該模型在災(zāi)害形成-發(fā)展-衰減3個(gè)階段輸入與輸出因子系統(tǒng)的變化規(guī)律，提出了3個(gè)階段的規(guī)劃干預(yù)策略：災(zāi)前干預(yù)、災(zāi)中控制、災(zāi)后重構(gòu)。以期通過(guò)對(duì)規(guī)劃因子要素的調(diào)節(jié)，發(fā)揮城市空間在災(zāi)害過(guò)程不同階段對(duì)災(zāi)害系統(tǒng)的調(diào)控作用，達(dá)到控制災(zāi)害發(fā)生、或減輕災(zāi)害破壞、或促進(jìn)災(zāi)害衰減的作用，提高城市空間對(duì)于災(zāi)害的干預(yù)能力。 （四）、最后基于各空間因子要素的研究分析，及模型的推演功能，提出了西南山地城市空間適災(zāi)的理想模式。 論文研究試圖探討山地城市防災(zāi)減災(zāi)的突破點(diǎn)，以期為西南地區(qū)城市防災(zāi)減災(zāi)工作提供參考。
[Abstract]:Since human beings enter into settlement, they have learned to use space to avoid disaster, disaster prevention and even disaster resistance. However, with the development of the city, the research division began to be refined, and the research on urban disaster prevention and disaster reduction began to carry out a more detailed study on each kind of disaster, and the research on urban space disaster prevention and mitigation is less. It is a complex functional complex that often needs to face different types of disasters known and unknown, and the requirements for disaster prevention and control of various disasters are different. This makes the urban disaster prevention and reduction work often the "headache doctor, foot pain medical foot", where the disaster is remedied and the whole city is not used. Research on space initiative to prevent disaster and disaster reduction.
The mountain city is a disaster prone area, its disaster is not only the problem of urban space itself, but also the macro environment of the city and the spatial form of the city. The paper takes the complex system research as the main method, the problem orientation is the research idea, the main disaster types of the mountain city are analyzed, and the various kinds of disasters are found. The influence of the damage process on the city lies in the macro destruction of the ecological environment, the meso destruction of the urban structure and the microscopic destruction of the urban space elements. Based on this, the paper discusses the mechanism of the macro urban external environment, the meso urban structure, the micro urban (internal) space composition and the formation of urban disaster damage, development and the attenuation of the whole process. And through the understanding of these laws, we try to establish a method system to improve the ability of urban space disaster.
The paper follows the technical line of "question - Analysis - Theoretical Construction - mechanism analysis - planning intervention". Through the study of the urban external environment, the urban (internal) space and the mechanism of the urban structure in the process of disaster development, the external environment of the city, the urban space and the urban form and disaster are initially established. The model of the association between damage formation, development and attenuation; and by adjusting the planning of the first three parties to change the different output states of the disaster at the 3 stages (the stage of disaster formation, by adjusting the related spatial elements to prevent the occurrence of the disaster; the disaster development stage, by controlling the related space elements to limit the expansion of the disaster; and the disaster attenuation. " Phase, by changing the related spatial elements to accelerate the rapid attenuation of disaster), in order to achieve the purpose of controlling the disaster by regulating the elements of urban space, and improving the adaptability and carrying capacity of the urban space for the disaster.
(1) on the basis of the understanding of the urban disaster and the law of urban space in the southwest mountain areas, the idea of active disaster prevention and mitigation is set up from the external environment of the city, the space of the city (internal), and the space form. The idea of urban space disaster adaptation is put forward, and the "defense" of the city space is further extended to the urban space. As for the "adaptation" of disasters, the composition of the concept of spatial disaster adaptation, the difference between the related concepts, the mechanism and its advantages of the spatial disaster relief, the occurrence of urban disasters can not be fundamentally eliminated, and the urban disasters are not successful and the city is preventing the disaster from happening. At the same time, it is necessary to improve the adaptability and carrying capacity of urban space for disaster. This adaptability is mainly to improve the elasticity of urban space, that is, it can prevent disaster and disaster recovery, have good rescue ability. It can also support restoration and reconstruction after the disaster and reduce the loss of City (1-3 chapters).
(two) the relationship between urban space components and disaster process is analyzed in detail, and the role of the key elements in disaster prevention and reduction in urban space is analyzed. From the overall level of understanding, it can be summarized as the big environment in the city, that is, the external environment of the city, the spatial composition of the city itself and the form of the urban space structure in 3 aspects. 4- The 6 chapter carries out a detailed study of the factors involved in the 3 aspects, and analyzes its role in the process of disaster. The fourth chapter analyzes the effect of the city's external environment, which is characterized by the integrity, accommodability and ecology of the external space environment. The fifth chapter analyses the spatial adaptation of the city (internal). From the function system of urban spatial adaptation, skeleton system, entity system, support system and guidance system, the disaster formation mechanism is discussed respectively. The sixth chapter analyzes the morphological characteristics of urban spatial adaptation, and finds out the multi group special features of the urban spatial form and environment in the southwest mountainous region. The characteristics of the organic dispersion and compact concentration in the southwestern mountainous cities, the characteristics of the road traffic guidance in the southwest mountainous cities and the self organizing characteristics of the urban spatial form in the southwest mountain areas. These characteristics are the important factors affecting the urban space disaster response (the 4-6 chapter of the thesis).
(three) from the 3 aspects of the urban environment, the urban space and the urban form, the factors affecting the urban space disaster are discussed, and the model of the relationship between the urban external environment, the city (internal) space, the urban form and the disaster formation, the development and attenuation is established, and the input and output of the model in the 3 stages of the disaster formation, development and attenuation are analyzed. 3 stages of planning intervention strategies are proposed: pre disaster intervention, disaster control, and post disaster reconstruction. By adjusting the factors of planning factors, the regulation of urban space in different stages of disaster process can be played to control the occurrence of disaster, reduce disaster damage, or promote disaster attenuation. To enhance the ability of urban space to intervene in disasters.
(four) finally, based on the research and analysis of the spatial factors and the deduction function of the model, the ideal model of the Spatial Suitability of mountainous cities in Southwest China is put forward.
This paper attempts to explore breakthroughs in disaster prevention and mitigation in mountainous cities, with a view to providing references for urban disaster prevention and mitigation in Southwest China.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TU984.116

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