本文選題：混凝超濾 + 膜污染　； 參考：《天津大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著社會(huì)的進(jìn)步、經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展以及人口的急劇增加,中國的水資源問題變得日益嚴(yán)重。水資源短缺、需求大幅度增加、水體污染嚴(yán)重等問題已成為我國經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的重要制約因素,同時(shí)也加重了水處理的困難,給傳統(tǒng)的飲用水處理帶來了嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)。越來越多的新型水處理工藝隨之被開發(fā)出來,以達(dá)到提高飲用水水質(zhì)的目的。膜技術(shù)因其所具有的優(yōu)點(diǎn)而成為飲用水處理的一個(gè)重大突破,是21世紀(jì)最有前景的水處理技術(shù)之一。但膜技術(shù)是物理分離技術(shù),對于水中小分子有機(jī)污染物等的去除率不高,會(huì)造成嚴(yán)重的膜污染。化學(xué)清洗無疑是解決膜污染的有效手段,但同時(shí)存在潛在的二次污染,給飲用水處理帶來了水質(zhì)安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。本研究是在混凝-超濾裝置的基礎(chǔ)上,對膜進(jìn)行在線化學(xué)強(qiáng)化反沖洗,建立反沖洗副產(chǎn)物的檢測分析方法,分析膜清洗藥劑與膜污染物質(zhì)反應(yīng)產(chǎn)生的副產(chǎn)物,對生成的副產(chǎn)物的種類進(jìn)行甄別和篩選,確定典型反沖洗副產(chǎn)物;通過調(diào)節(jié)化學(xué)強(qiáng)化反沖洗水力參數(shù)(反洗壓力、反洗流量、反洗時(shí)間、反洗周期),分析其對典型副產(chǎn)物的生成和膜清洗效果的影響,以及化學(xué)強(qiáng)化反沖洗調(diào)控參數(shù)與典型副產(chǎn)物生成量變化和膜清洗效果的關(guān)系,確定最佳在線化學(xué)清洗參數(shù),實(shí)現(xiàn)膜清洗技術(shù)的優(yōu)化調(diào)控。本研究建立了頂空進(jìn)樣-氣相色譜檢測水中揮發(fā)性鹵代烴以及高效液相色譜-質(zhì)譜聯(lián)用檢測水中鹵乙酸的方法,確定了12種揮發(fā)性鹵代烴以及9種鹵乙酸類化合物,鹵乙酸占了副產(chǎn)物總量的85%以上,且所有典型副產(chǎn)物隨著膜過濾出水時(shí)間的延長,濃度均逐漸降低;綜合考察單一因素變化對典型副產(chǎn)物生成和膜清洗效果的影響,最終確定膜化學(xué)反沖洗的最佳清洗參數(shù)為:反洗時(shí)間4min、反洗周期120min、反洗藥劑濃度25mg/L、反洗流量20L/(m2·h);選用致癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評價(jià)典型副產(chǎn)物對人類健康的影響,在最佳參數(shù)反洗條件下,副產(chǎn)物總的致癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)為52.881×10~(-6)。
[Abstract]:With the progress of society, the development of economy and the rapid increase of population, the problem of water resources in China becomes more and more serious. The shortage of water resources, the increase of demand and the serious pollution of water have become the important restricting factors for the development of our country's economy and society. At the same time, the difficulties of water treatment have been aggravated, which has brought severe challenges to the traditional treatment of drinking water. More and more new water treatment processes have been developed to improve drinking water quality. Membrane technology has become an important breakthrough in drinking water treatment because of its advantages. It is one of the most promising water treatment technologies in the 21 ~ (st) century. However, the membrane technology is a physical separation technology, the removal rate of small molecular organic pollutants in water is not high, which will cause serious membrane fouling. Chemical cleaning is undoubtedly an effective means to solve membrane fouling, but there is potential secondary pollution at the same time, which brings water quality safety risk to drinking water treatment. On the basis of coagulation-ultrafiltration device, the membrane was chemically strengthened and backwash was carried out on line, and the detection and analysis method of backwash by-product was established, and the by-product produced by the reaction between membrane cleaning agent and membrane fouling substance was analyzed. The kinds of by-products produced are screened and screened to determine the typical backwash by-products, and the hydraulic parameters (backwash pressure, backwash flow rate, backwash time) are adjusted by adjusting chemical reinforcement backwash hydraulic parameters. This paper analyzes the influence of backwash cycle on the formation of typical by-products and the effect of membrane cleaning, as well as the relationship between the control parameters of chemical reinforcement backwashing and the change of production quantity of typical by-products and the effect of membrane cleaning, and determines the best on-line chemical cleaning parameters. Realize the optimal control of membrane cleaning technology. In this study, a headspace sample injection gas chromatography method for the detection of volatile halogenated hydrocarbons in water and a high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for the detection of haloacetic acid in water were established. Twelve volatile halogenated hydrocarbons and 9 haloacetic acids were determined. Halogenoacetic acid accounted for more than 85% of the total by-products, and the concentration of all typical by-products decreased gradually with the increase of effluent time of membrane filtration, and the effects of single factor on the formation of typical by-products and the cleaning effect of membrane were investigated. The optimal cleaning parameters were determined as follows: backwash time 4 min, backwash period 120 min, backwash agent concentration 25 mg / L, backwash flow rate 20L/(m2 HN. The risk of carcinogenesis was selected to evaluate the effects of typical by-products on human health. The total carcinogenic risk of by-products was 52.881 脳 10 ~ (-1) -6 ~ (-1).
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU991.2

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