本文選題：輻射 + 供冷�。� 參考：《上海交通大學》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：環(huán)境污染和能源危機是目前人類社會面臨的兩大主要課題，而消耗在空調系統(tǒng)上的能源占社會總能耗的比重越來越大。傳統(tǒng)空調系統(tǒng)多采用電壓縮制冷技術，在消耗化石能源的同時，其制冷劑對環(huán)境的污染同樣不可忽視，尋求一種能夠利用可再生能源，且環(huán)境友好型的制冷空調系統(tǒng)意義重大。 本研究利用太陽能驅動的溴化鋰-水吸收式空調系統(tǒng)，以太陽能作為其主要的驅動能源制取冷量調節(jié)建筑室內熱濕環(huán)境。系統(tǒng)運行過程中，只使用少量的電能滿足循環(huán)水泵等動力部件的運行，大大節(jié)約了建筑物內空調系統(tǒng)的能源消耗。特別是在夏季空調季節(jié)，能夠有效消弱用電高峰能耗，減小電網(wǎng)壓力。系統(tǒng)使用以溴化鋰-水為制冷工質對的小型吸收機制取冷量，與傳統(tǒng)的電壓縮制冷空調相比，其制冷劑的ODP和GWP均為零，既不產(chǎn)生溫室氣體，也不會破壞臭氧層。對于地球環(huán)境保護意義重大。 在室內空調末端的選擇上，系統(tǒng)采用毛細管輻射供冷板和新風機組共同承擔室內的熱濕負荷。輻射供冷末端能夠使用太陽能空調提供的高溫冷水，通過輻射的方式將冷量傳遞給室內環(huán)境，不但能夠提高太陽能空調系統(tǒng)的運行效率，，還能夠減小室內空氣的溫度不均勻度，改善室內的熱舒適性。同時輻射供冷末端的蓄冷能力能夠減小系統(tǒng)蓄熱水箱的尺寸，降低太陽能空調系統(tǒng)的初投資。系統(tǒng)采用新風機組配合輻射供冷末端，利用新風機組承擔室內的潛熱負荷，實現(xiàn)室內溫濕度的獨立控制。新風機組采用兩級冷卻，第一級預冷過程引入太陽能空調制取的高溫冷水，使用一臺電制冷機制取的低溫冷水將新風處理到送風狀態(tài)點來承擔室內的潛熱負荷。這種設計能夠盡可能多的使用太陽能空調制取的高溫冷水，減少系統(tǒng)對電能的消耗。毛細管輻射供冷板能夠改善室內熱舒適性，提高太陽能空調運行效率，然而其換熱能力不足及易于在表面產(chǎn)生結露的特點制約著其推廣使用，這是本文著重解決的一個問題。本課題對使用毛細管輻射供冷末端的太陽能溴化鋰-水空調系統(tǒng)的運行特點和制約其推廣的主要因素做了深入的研究，本研究的主要內容及結論有： （1）毛細管輻射供冷末端供冷能力主要受到毛細管內冷水流速、冷水溫度及室內環(huán)境溫度和相對濕度影響。研究結果表明：綜合循環(huán)水泵耗能、冷水進出水溫差以及毛細管輻射供冷板的換熱性能之間的平衡，建議此類毛細管的管內流速為0.45m/s。隨著冷水供水溫度的降低或者室內環(huán)境溫度的升高，輻射供冷板的換熱性能增強。 （2）由于輻射供冷末端冷水側和室內環(huán)境溫度之間傳熱溫差存在，當冷水供水溫度低于室內環(huán)境的露點溫度時，輻射供冷末端表面不會立即產(chǎn)生結露現(xiàn)象。本文使用過冷度的概念來分析輻射供冷末端結露現(xiàn)象。過冷度定義為室內環(huán)境露點溫度和冷水進水溫度的差值。過冷度在控制系統(tǒng)中的采用，能夠在預防毛細管輻射供冷末端表面結露現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的同時，最大限度的降低冷水進水溫度，增加單位面積輻射供冷末端的換熱性能。研究表明，在26oC，60%的熱濕環(huán)境中，毛細管光管、毛細管金屬板以及毛細管石膏板的過冷度分別為3.2oC、5.4oC和6.5oC。 （3）與全空氣系統(tǒng)相比，輻射供冷末端與圍護結構一起安裝，室內輻射供冷墻面或輻射吊頂材料的蓄熱特性能夠維持室內供冷表面溫度的穩(wěn)定性。對于太陽能空調系統(tǒng)，其制冷能力受到太陽能輻射強度的波動性的影響，往往需要較大的蓄熱水箱。在太陽能空調系統(tǒng)中使用輻射供冷末端能夠減小系統(tǒng)蓄熱水箱尺寸，降低系統(tǒng)初投資。同時能夠延長系統(tǒng)運行時間，以本文采用的磚墻圍護結構為例，使用輻射供冷墻面可以將太陽能空調系統(tǒng)的運行時間延長78min。 （4）相比于空氣末端系統(tǒng)，輻射供冷末端能夠直接將冷量傳遞給室內的目標人員，冷量傳輸效率高，冷量利用率好。作為室內顯熱負荷去除裝置的輻射供冷末端能夠匹配較高溫度的冷水，從而改善太陽能空調系統(tǒng)的運行效率，節(jié)約能源。本文還研究了毛細管輻射供冷末端和風機盤管兩種空調末端方式對太陽能空調系統(tǒng)的影響。當采用輻射供冷末端時，太陽能空調系統(tǒng)的COP和制冷量比采用分機盤管系統(tǒng)分別提高了23%和29%。同時，輻射供冷末端能夠提高室內環(huán)境的熱舒適性，研究表明，輻射供冷末端能夠保證室內熱舒適度處于CLASS-A。
[Abstract]:Environmental pollution and energy crisis are two major subjects in the human society at present, and the energy consumed in the air conditioning system is becoming more and more important in the total energy consumption of the society. The traditional air conditioning system uses electric compression refrigeration technology more. While consuming fossil energy, the refrigerant can not be ignored and can not be ignored. The use of renewable energy and environment-friendly refrigeration and air conditioning system is of great significance.
In this study, the solar energy driven lithium bromide water absorption air conditioning system is used to make the solar energy as its main driving energy to adjust the heat and humidity environment in the building. In the process of the system, only a small amount of electric energy is used to meet the operation of the power components such as the circulating water pump, which greatly saves the energy consumption of the air conditioning system in the building. Especially in the summer air conditioning season, it can effectively weaken the peak energy consumption and reduce the pressure of the power grid. The system uses the lithium bromide water as the refrigerant for the small absorption mechanism. Compared with the traditional electric compression refrigeration air conditioning, the ODP and GWP of the refrigerant are zero, neither produces greenhouse gases nor destroys the ozone layer. The environmental protection of the ball is of great significance.
In the choice of the indoor air conditioning terminal, the system adopts the capillary radiation cooling plate and the new air unit to jointly undertake the heat and wet load of the indoor air. The end of the radiation supply can use the high temperature cold water provided by the solar air conditioning, and transfer the cooling amount to the indoor environment by radiation, not only to improve the efficiency of the solar air conditioning system, but also to improve the efficiency of the solar air conditioning system. It can reduce the temperature inhomogeneity of the indoor air and improve the thermal comfort of the indoor air. At the same time, the cooling ability of the end of the radiation can reduce the size of the system's storage tank and reduce the initial investment of the solar air conditioning system. The independent control of temperature and humidity. The new air unit adopts the two stage cooling, the first stage precooling process introduces the high temperature cold water from the solar air conditioning. The low temperature cold water produced by an electric refrigerator is used to treat the fresh air to the air supply point to bear the latent heat load in the room. This design can be used as much as possible to make the high temperature of the solar air conditioning. Cold water reduces the energy consumption of the system. The capillary radiation supply plate can improve the thermal comfort in the room and improve the efficiency of the solar air conditioning. However, the lack of heat transfer capacity and the characteristics that are easy to produce dew on the surface restrict its popularization. This is a problem to be solved in this paper. The operation characteristics of the terminal solar energy LiBr water air conditioning system and the main factors that restrict its popularization have been studied deeply. The main contents and conclusions of this study are as follows:
(1) the cooling capacity at the tip of the capillary tube is mainly influenced by the inner cooling water flow rate, the cold water temperature and the indoor environment temperature and relative humidity. The results show that the balance between the energy consumption of the comprehensive circulating water pump, the difference of water temperature in and out of the cold water and the heat exchange performance of the capillary radiation cooling plate is suggested, and the flow velocity in this kind of capillary is suggested. For 0.45m/s., the heat transfer performance of radiant cooling panels increases with the decrease of cold water supply temperature or the increase of indoor ambient temperature.
(2) due to the heat transfer temperature difference between the cold water side of the radiation cooling terminal and the temperature of the indoor environment, when the cold water supply temperature is lower than the dew point temperature in the indoor environment, the end surface of the radiation cooling terminal will not appear immediately. This paper uses the concept of supercooling to analyze the condensation phenomenon of the radiation cooling terminal. The difference between the point temperature and the cold water inlet temperature. The use of the supercooling in the control system can reduce the cold water inlet temperature and increase the temperature of the cold water at the end of the cold water at the same time in preventing the condensation of the end surface of the capillary radiation supply. The research shows that the capillary is in the 26oC, 60% heat and humidity environment. The supercooling degree of light tube, capillary metal plate and capillary gypsum board is 3.2oC, 5.4oC and 6.5oC. respectively.
(3) compared with the whole air system, the end of the radiation cooling supply is installed together with the enclosure structure. The heat storage property of the indoor radiation wall surface or the radiant ceiling material can maintain the stability of the cooling surface temperature in the indoor air conditioning system. In the solar air conditioning system, the use of the radiation supply terminal in the solar air conditioning system can reduce the size of the system's storage tank, reduce the initial investment of the system and extend the operating time of the system. As an example of the brick wall enclosure used in this paper, the operation time of the solar air conditioning system can be extended by 78min.
(4) compared with the air terminal system, the end of the radiation supply can directly transfer the cooling amount to the target personnel in the room. The cooling capacity is high and the cooling capacity is good. As the indoor heat load removal device, the radiation cooling terminal can match the high temperature cold water, thus improving the efficiency of the solar air conditioning system and saving energy. The effects of two air conditioning ends on the air conditioning system are also studied. When the air cooling terminal is used, the COP and the refrigerating capacity of the solar air conditioning system are increased by 23% and 29%., respectively. The end of the radiation cooling terminal can improve the thermal comfort of the indoor environment. The research shows that the radiant cooling end can ensure indoor thermal comfort at CLASS-A.

【學位授予單位】：上海交通大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU831

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