本文選題：渝東南 + 土家族民居��； 參考：《重慶大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：渝東南土家族傳統(tǒng)民居地處武陵山區(qū),在長(zhǎng)期適應(yīng)亞熱帶山區(qū)氣候的演變過(guò)程中逐步形成自身獨(dú)特的建筑營(yíng)造方法和技術(shù),特別是在應(yīng)對(duì)夏季濕熱氣候方面。本文以渝東南土家族建筑群及民居的自然通風(fēng)技術(shù)為研究對(duì)象,發(fā)掘和歸納其中的技術(shù)手法,尤其對(duì)建筑群街巷與民居空間的通風(fēng)模式和通風(fēng)規(guī)律進(jìn)行深入的探討。運(yùn)用Fluent、Ecotect等軟件,模擬民居室內(nèi)外的風(fēng)環(huán)境特征。并通過(guò)大量對(duì)比實(shí)驗(yàn)和數(shù)據(jù)的整理分析,發(fā)掘民居的被動(dòng)式通風(fēng)技術(shù),進(jìn)行提取和總結(jié)。此外,在對(duì)傳統(tǒng)建筑群及民居通風(fēng)技術(shù)分析的基礎(chǔ)上,探討了如何有效的將這些做法應(yīng)用在現(xiàn)代農(nóng)民新村及農(nóng)民新居建筑的設(shè)計(jì)和創(chuàng)作之中,實(shí)現(xiàn)建筑的被動(dòng)式節(jié)能。通過(guò)本文的研究能進(jìn)一步推進(jìn)土家族傳統(tǒng)民居生態(tài)適應(yīng)性的技術(shù)研究,以使這些傳統(tǒng)的生態(tài)智慧能夠在當(dāng)代得到傳承與應(yīng)用。論文主要研究重慶渝東南土家族傳統(tǒng)民居的自然通風(fēng)技術(shù),研究工作集中在四大部分。第一部分側(cè)重于對(duì)渝東南地區(qū)與土家族傳統(tǒng)民居基本情況的介紹。敘述建筑群及民居中的通風(fēng)優(yōu)秀做法,梳理與歸納了土家傳統(tǒng)建筑群與民居通風(fēng)的環(huán)境適宜技術(shù)。第二部分側(cè)重于對(duì)土家傳統(tǒng)建筑群的通風(fēng)模擬分析,選擇了天然形成的傳統(tǒng)建筑群和近年來(lái)較為常見(jiàn)的針對(duì)旅游接待的需求建設(shè)、改造而成,但建筑結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)造、材料、形制與傳統(tǒng)民居相同的土家建筑群分別進(jìn)行模擬分析。對(duì)比得出天然建筑群的布局手法通風(fēng)效果優(yōu)于風(fēng)貌改造后的建筑群。從而總結(jié)提出天然建筑群先房后巷、順應(yīng)山勢(shì)、前低后高、前小后大的布局方式是應(yīng)對(duì)自然通風(fēng)的有效策略。第三部分側(cè)重單體建筑內(nèi)典型建筑空間熱環(huán)境及通風(fēng)的分析,著重對(duì)吊腳樓和正屋(堂屋)的熱環(huán)境及風(fēng)環(huán)境進(jìn)行模擬�？偨Y(jié)出吊腳樓為“吊腳空間-檐廊空間-閣樓空間”的隔熱及通風(fēng)系統(tǒng),正屋主要通過(guò)“堂屋-閣樓”通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行通風(fēng)組織。實(shí)驗(yàn)直觀地呈現(xiàn)了建筑中的氣流情況,并在正屋(堂屋)的風(fēng)環(huán)境模擬部分,設(shè)置與傳統(tǒng)民居模型規(guī)模、形體相同但空間分隔、高度、圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)開(kāi)洞等具體做法不同的虛擬現(xiàn)代農(nóng)宅模型進(jìn)行對(duì)比模擬分析。從而提出改善現(xiàn)代農(nóng)宅通風(fēng)效果的優(yōu)化策略。第四部分側(cè)重于利用前文總結(jié)分析的土家傳統(tǒng)建筑群的典型布局及空間處理方法,土家傳統(tǒng)民居通過(guò)U形建筑形體向重要建筑空間導(dǎo)風(fēng)的策略以及吊腳和閣樓等一系列空氣流通的半室外空間的設(shè)置,對(duì)近年來(lái)新建的農(nóng)民新村及農(nóng)民新居進(jìn)行優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)。將優(yōu)化方案與原方案進(jìn)行對(duì)比,判斷優(yōu)化方案在通風(fēng)上優(yōu)于原方案,說(shuō)明土家族建筑群與民居單體的通風(fēng)技術(shù)可用于現(xiàn)代農(nóng)村居住區(qū)及建筑單體的建設(shè)與改造。
[Abstract]:The traditional residence of Tujia nationality in southeastern Chongqing is located in Wuling Mountain area. In the process of adapting to the climate evolution of subtropical mountain area for a long time, the traditional residence of Tujia nationality in southeastern Chongqing has gradually formed its own unique architectural construction methods and techniques, especially in dealing with the humid and hot climate in summer.This paper takes the natural ventilation technology of Tujia buildings and houses in southeastern Chongqing as the research object, excavates and sums up the technical techniques therein, especially deeply discusses the ventilation mode and ventilation law of the streets, alleys and residential spaces of the buildings.Using fluente Ecotect and other software to simulate the characteristics of indoor and outdoor wind environment.And through a large number of comparative experiments and data collation and analysis, explore the passive ventilation technology, extract and summarize.In addition, based on the analysis of ventilation technology of traditional buildings and houses, this paper discusses how to effectively apply these methods to the design and creation of modern farmers' new villages and new houses of farmers, so as to realize passive energy saving of buildings.Through the research of this paper, we can further promote the technical research of ecological adaptability of Tujia traditional residential buildings, so that these traditional ecological wisdom can be passed down and applied in the contemporary era.This paper focuses on the natural ventilation technology of Tujia traditional houses in southeastern Chongqing.The first part focuses on the introduction of the basic situation of southeast Chongqing and Tujia traditional dwellings.This paper describes the excellent ventilation practices in buildings and houses, and summarizes the environmental appropriate techniques of ventilation in Tujia traditional buildings and houses.The second part focuses on the ventilation simulation analysis of Tujia traditional architectural complex, and chooses the natural formed traditional building group and the more common demand for tourism reception in recent years to build and transform, but the construction structure, materials, etc.The Tujia buildings with the same shape as the traditional houses were simulated and analyzed separately.The comparison shows that the layout and ventilation effect of natural buildings is better than that of natural buildings.It is concluded that the layout of natural buildings is an effective strategy to cope with natural ventilation.The third part focuses on the analysis of the thermal environment and ventilation of typical buildings in the single building, and focuses on the simulation of the thermal environment and the wind environment of the hanging foot building and the main building.The heat insulation and ventilation system of "hanging foot space-eaves corridor space-attic space" is summarized. The main building is ventilated by the ventilation system of "hall house-attic".In the wind environment simulation part of the main house (hall house), the scale of the model is the same as that of the traditional residence, the shape is the same but the space is separated and the height is high.The virtual modern farm house model with different methods, such as enclosure structure opening, is compared and simulated.The optimization strategy to improve the ventilation effect of modern farm house is put forward.The fourth part focuses on the typical layout and space processing methods of Tujia traditional buildings, which are summarized and analyzed above.The traditional Tujia houses are designed optimally in recent years by means of the strategy of guiding wind to the important building space by the shape of U-shaped buildings and the setting of a series of air-circulating semi-outdoor spaces such as hanging feet and attic, etc., in recent years, the newly built new peasant villages and new houses of peasants have been optimized.By comparing the optimization scheme with the original scheme, it is judged that the optimized scheme is superior to the original scheme in ventilation, which shows that the ventilation technology of Tujia buildings and houses can be used in the construction and reconstruction of modern rural residential areas and building monomers.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TU253;TU834.1

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