本文選題：大型購物超市 + 建筑火災��； 參考：《安徽理工大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：現(xiàn)代社會中,人們的物質(zhì)文化需求越來越豐富多彩。各種購物場所此起彼伏。物品齊全、采購便利、功能完善的各種購物超市,成為了人們?nèi)粘Ｉ畋夭豢缮俚闹匾獔鏊Ｙ徫锍械奈锲繁姸?其中不乏一些可燃易燃物品。超市空間結構的不科學,防火設計的缺陷以及內(nèi)部空間人員容易積聚等等一系列因素都成為了超市建筑火災發(fā)生后造成危難后果的潛在原因。這極大地威脅著人們的生命和財產(chǎn)安全。 本文以大型購物超市類建筑為研究對象,收集歷年具有代表性的超市火災資料,提取現(xiàn)場數(shù)據(jù),獲取火災發(fā)展的統(tǒng)計規(guī)律。為文章的研究工作鋪墊歷史參考。 通過對全國各地不同地點具有代表性的若干大型超市進行現(xiàn)場采點收集資料,并從中選取了一座具有典型特征的大型超市作為具體分析對象。根據(jù)超市的進出口布置,消防設施的設置情況以及超市內(nèi)部貨架的擺放和物品的分類情況建立了科學的物理數(shù)值模型。在所構建的模型中預設多種不同工況的火災場景,并利用場模擬軟件FDS對火災過程進行計算分析,模擬得出超市火災蔓延的規(guī)律,重點分析探討火災對人產(chǎn)生致死或致傷的關鍵時刻(包括濃煙高度,火場環(huán)境溫度,環(huán)境可見度,以及燃燒有毒氣體危險濃度)在時間與空間的變化規(guī)律。當任意一個參數(shù)達到危害建筑內(nèi)人員生命健康時,把這個時間點作為該參數(shù)對建筑人員產(chǎn)生傷害的臨界點,以最小的時間點定為人員逃生過程中的有效安全疏散時間RSET (Avialable Safe Egress Time)。 同時對大型超市進行了實例人員疏散仿真,采用FDS+EVAC模擬仿真了該大型超市各場景中的人員疏散過程。分析研究了各個不同火災場景中人員是否能夠在有效安全疏散時間內(nèi)順利逃生。對超市建筑火災時期各種特定條件下疏散性能進行了評估。 最后,對歐尚超市煙氣模擬和人員疏散仿真所得出的結果進行了總結和展望。為今后類似大型超市類建筑的防火性能化設計提供了一定的理論指導。
[Abstract]:In modern society, people's material and cultural needs are more and more colorful.All kinds of shopping places rise and fall one after another.All kinds of shopping supermarkets with complete items, convenient purchasing and perfect functions have become an indispensable and important place in people's daily life.There are many items in shopping supermarkets, some of which are flammable and flammable.A series of factors, such as the unscientific structure of supermarket space, the defects of fire prevention design and the easy accumulation of interior space personnel, all become the potential causes of the dangerous consequences of supermarket building fire.This is a great threat to the safety of people's lives and property.This paper takes the large-scale shopping supermarket building as the research object, collects the representative supermarket fire data over the years, extracts the field data, and obtains the statistical law of the fire development.It is a historical reference for the research work of this article.Through collecting data from some large supermarkets in different places in China, a large supermarket with typical characteristics is selected as the concrete analysis object.A scientific physical numerical model is established according to the layout of the entrance and exit of the supermarket, the setting of the fire fighting facilities, the arrangement of the shelves and the classification of the goods in the supermarket.The fire scene of different working conditions is preset in the model, and the fire process is calculated and analyzed by using field simulation software FDS, and the law of fire spread in supermarket is obtained by simulation.The changes of time and space during the critical time of death or injury caused by fire (including smoke height, fire ambient temperature, environmental visibility, and dangerous concentration of burning toxic gas) are analyzed and discussed.When any parameter reaches the point of endangering the life and health of people in the building, this time point is regarded as the critical point for the damage to the building personnel. The minimum time point is taken as the effective safe evacuation time RSET avialable Safe Egress time in the process of escape.At the same time, the evacuation simulation of large supermarket is carried out, and the evacuation process in each scene of the supermarket is simulated by FDS EVAC.This paper analyzes and studies whether people can escape within effective safe evacuation time in different fire scenarios.The evacuation performance of supermarket building fire was evaluated under various specific conditions.Finally, the results obtained from the simulation of the smoke and evacuation of Auchan supermarket are summarized and prospected.It provides some theoretical guidance for the fire-proof performance design of similar supermarket buildings in the future.
【學位授予單位】：安徽理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU998.1

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