本文選題：大型購(gòu)物超市 + 建筑火災(zāi)��； 參考：《安徽理工大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中,人們的物質(zhì)文化需求越來(lái)越豐富多彩。各種購(gòu)物場(chǎng)所此起彼伏。物品齊全、采購(gòu)便利、功能完善的各種購(gòu)物超市,成為了人們?nèi)粘Ｉ畋夭豢缮俚闹匾獔?chǎng)所。購(gòu)物超市的物品眾多,其中不乏一些可燃易燃物品。超市空間結(jié)構(gòu)的不科學(xué),防火設(shè)計(jì)的缺陷以及內(nèi)部空間人員容易積聚等等一系列因素都成為了超市建筑火災(zāi)發(fā)生后造成危難后果的潛在原因。這極大地威脅著人們的生命和財(cái)產(chǎn)安全。 本文以大型購(gòu)物超市類(lèi)建筑為研究對(duì)象,收集歷年具有代表性的超市火災(zāi)資料,提取現(xiàn)場(chǎng)數(shù)據(jù),獲取火災(zāi)發(fā)展的統(tǒng)計(jì)規(guī)律。為文章的研究工作鋪墊歷史參考。 通過(guò)對(duì)全國(guó)各地不同地點(diǎn)具有代表性的若干大型超市進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場(chǎng)采點(diǎn)收集資料,并從中選取了一座具有典型特征的大型超市作為具體分析對(duì)象。根據(jù)超市的進(jìn)出口布置,消防設(shè)施的設(shè)置情況以及超市內(nèi)部貨架的擺放和物品的分類(lèi)情況建立了科學(xué)的物理數(shù)值模型。在所構(gòu)建的模型中預(yù)設(shè)多種不同工況的火災(zāi)場(chǎng)景,并利用場(chǎng)模擬軟件FDS對(duì)火災(zāi)過(guò)程進(jìn)行計(jì)算分析,模擬得出超市火災(zāi)蔓延的規(guī)律,重點(diǎn)分析探討火災(zāi)對(duì)人產(chǎn)生致死或致傷的關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻(包括濃煙高度,火場(chǎng)環(huán)境溫度,環(huán)境可見(jiàn)度,以及燃燒有毒氣體危險(xiǎn)濃度)在時(shí)間與空間的變化規(guī)律。當(dāng)任意一個(gè)參數(shù)達(dá)到危害建筑內(nèi)人員生命健康時(shí),把這個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)作為該參數(shù)對(duì)建筑人員產(chǎn)生傷害的臨界點(diǎn),以最小的時(shí)間點(diǎn)定為人員逃生過(guò)程中的有效安全疏散時(shí)間RSET (Avialable Safe Egress Time)。 同時(shí)對(duì)大型超市進(jìn)行了實(shí)例人員疏散仿真,采用FDS+EVAC模擬仿真了該大型超市各場(chǎng)景中的人員疏散過(guò)程。分析研究了各個(gè)不同火災(zāi)場(chǎng)景中人員是否能夠在有效安全疏散時(shí)間內(nèi)順利逃生。對(duì)超市建筑火災(zāi)時(shí)期各種特定條件下疏散性能進(jìn)行了評(píng)估。 最后,對(duì)歐尚超市煙氣模擬和人員疏散仿真所得出的結(jié)果進(jìn)行了總結(jié)和展望。為今后類(lèi)似大型超市類(lèi)建筑的防火性能化設(shè)計(jì)提供了一定的理論指導(dǎo)。
[Abstract]:In modern society, people's material and cultural needs are more and more colorful.All kinds of shopping places rise and fall one after another.All kinds of shopping supermarkets with complete items, convenient purchasing and perfect functions have become an indispensable and important place in people's daily life.There are many items in shopping supermarkets, some of which are flammable and flammable.A series of factors, such as the unscientific structure of supermarket space, the defects of fire prevention design and the easy accumulation of interior space personnel, all become the potential causes of the dangerous consequences of supermarket building fire.This is a great threat to the safety of people's lives and property.This paper takes the large-scale shopping supermarket building as the research object, collects the representative supermarket fire data over the years, extracts the field data, and obtains the statistical law of the fire development.It is a historical reference for the research work of this article.Through collecting data from some large supermarkets in different places in China, a large supermarket with typical characteristics is selected as the concrete analysis object.A scientific physical numerical model is established according to the layout of the entrance and exit of the supermarket, the setting of the fire fighting facilities, the arrangement of the shelves and the classification of the goods in the supermarket.The fire scene of different working conditions is preset in the model, and the fire process is calculated and analyzed by using field simulation software FDS, and the law of fire spread in supermarket is obtained by simulation.The changes of time and space during the critical time of death or injury caused by fire (including smoke height, fire ambient temperature, environmental visibility, and dangerous concentration of burning toxic gas) are analyzed and discussed.When any parameter reaches the point of endangering the life and health of people in the building, this time point is regarded as the critical point for the damage to the building personnel. The minimum time point is taken as the effective safe evacuation time RSET avialable Safe Egress time in the process of escape.At the same time, the evacuation simulation of large supermarket is carried out, and the evacuation process in each scene of the supermarket is simulated by FDS EVAC.This paper analyzes and studies whether people can escape within effective safe evacuation time in different fire scenarios.The evacuation performance of supermarket building fire was evaluated under various specific conditions.Finally, the results obtained from the simulation of the smoke and evacuation of Auchan supermarket are summarized and prospected.It provides some theoretical guidance for the fire-proof performance design of similar supermarket buildings in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TU998.1

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