本文選題：納西族 + 鄉(xiāng)土建筑�。� 參考：《清華大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：本文是在大量實地調(diào)研和訪談的基礎(chǔ)上，對納西族鄉(xiāng)土建筑歷史地理和建造過程的研究。文章無意構(gòu)建龐大的理論框架，也不企圖得到關(guān)于建筑的普遍真理，而是希望通過闡釋與深描，記錄納西族鄉(xiāng)土建筑的多樣性面貌，以及當?shù)剜l(xiāng)土建造活動的圖景，繼而在連續(xù)的歷史視野下認識一方鄉(xiāng)土建筑的演變與發(fā)展。 文章主體分為兩部分。第一部分是通過一系列典型村落的調(diào)查與文獻分析，梳理了代表納西族不同歷史發(fā)展時期的鄉(xiāng)土建筑類型，總結(jié)它們的建造技術(shù)與核心空間的特點和演變關(guān)系。已有的納西族鄉(xiāng)土建筑研究多集中于麗江古城和瀘沽湖地區(qū)，而這部分內(nèi)容著眼于整個納西族地區(qū)，從時間和空間的維度勾勒出了納西族鄉(xiāng)土建筑的整體圖景。 第二部分是對一個典型的納西族村落——南高寨村的鄉(xiāng)土建造活動的調(diào)查。通過與當?shù)毓そ彻餐�、勞作的參與式觀察，本文記錄了當?shù)亟ㄔ旎顒又械募夹g(shù)范式、人際范式與精神范式。其中技術(shù)范式即人和物的關(guān)系，包括建造的籌劃、備料、施工及匠作特點；人際范式即人和人的關(guān)系，包括建造中工匠與工匠、工匠與戶主、戶主與鄉(xiāng)鄰間的互動，以及集體和國家制度對鄉(xiāng)土建造的影響；精神范式即人與超自然力量的關(guān)系，包括建造中的儀式、禁忌，以及習(xí)俗與建筑的交互。建筑學(xué)對鄉(xiāng)土建筑的研究多從靜態(tài)的視角出發(fā)，研究“成品”建筑的物質(zhì)實體與空間；社會學(xué)、人類學(xué)對鄉(xiāng)土社會的研究則多關(guān)注非物質(zhì)部分，難以深入技術(shù)過程。該部分內(nèi)容創(chuàng)新性地以動態(tài)的視角，從建造過程切入，把鄉(xiāng)土建筑作為行為的產(chǎn)物來研究，把建造過程中的匠作技藝、人際互動、社會約束和習(xí)俗禁忌結(jié)合起來，，更全面地闡釋了鄉(xiāng)土建筑的生成機制。 通過對納西族鄉(xiāng)土建筑的歷史地理梳理、建造過程觀察，分析納西族鄉(xiāng)土建筑建造范式在當下的變化，本文對建造傳統(tǒng)提出了動態(tài)的、連續(xù)的歷史觀。納西族鄉(xiāng)土建筑雖然正在技術(shù)、市場、國家等因素的影響下發(fā)生變化，但只要由地緣人情維系的鄉(xiāng)土建造共同體仍然存在，這里的建造傳統(tǒng)就會在連續(xù)的歷史過程中發(fā)展，逐漸形成新的建造范式。維護建筑與居住其中的人的緊密聯(lián)系，維護鄉(xiāng)土建造共同體及其自主選擇權(quán)，才能維持建筑傳統(tǒng)的連續(xù)性；而多樣性的建造傳統(tǒng)才能造就鄉(xiāng)土建筑的多樣性。
[Abstract]:Based on a large number of field research and interviews, this paper studies the historical geography and construction process of Naxi native architecture.The article has no intention of constructing a huge theoretical framework, nor is it trying to obtain the universal truth about architecture. Rather, it hopes to record the diversity of Naxi native buildings and the picture of local construction activities through interpretation and deep drawing.Then in a continuous historical perspective to understand the evolution and development of local architecture.The main body of the article is divided into two parts.The first part is through a series of typical villages investigation and literature analysis, combing the Naxi different historical development period of the types of local architecture, summed up their construction technology and core space of the characteristics and evolution of the relationship.The existing studies of Naxi native architecture mostly focus on the ancient city of Lijiang and Lugu Lake, and this part focuses on the whole Naxi area, which outlines the overall picture of the local architecture of Naxi from the dimension of time and space.The second part is a typical Naxi village-Nangaozhai village of rural construction activities.Through the participatory observation of working and living with local craftsmen, this paper records the technological paradigm, interpersonal paradigm and spiritual paradigm in local construction activities.The technological paradigm is the relationship between people and things, including the planning of construction, the preparation of materials, the construction and the characteristics of craftsmen; the interpersonal paradigm is the relationship between people and people, including the interaction between craftsmen and craftsmen, craftsmen and heads of households, and between heads of households and rural neighbors.The spiritual paradigm is the relationship between human beings and supernatural forces, including rituals, taboos, and the interaction between custom and architecture.Architecture studies the local architecture from the static point of view to study the physical entity and space of the "finished" architecture, while sociology and anthropology pay more attention to the non-material part of the local society, which is difficult to go deep into the technical process.This part of the content innovatively from the dynamic perspective, from the construction process cut into the local architecture as a product of behavior, the construction process of the craftsman as a skill, interpersonal interaction, social constraints and customs taboo together.A more comprehensive explanation of the formation mechanism of local architecture.By combing the history and geography of Naxi vernacular architecture, observing the construction process, and analyzing the change of Naxi vernacular architecture construction paradigm at present, this paper puts forward a dynamic and continuous historical view on the construction tradition.Naxi native buildings are changing under the influence of technology, market, state, etc., but as long as the local construction community maintained by geographical feelings still exists, the construction tradition here will develop in a continuous historical process.A new paradigm of construction is gradually formed.The continuity of architectural tradition can be maintained only by maintaining the close connection between architecture and the people living in it, and by maintaining the local construction community and its independent right of choice, while the diversity of construction traditions can bring about the diversity of local architecture.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：清華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU241.5

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