發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-04 06:24

  本文選題：熱環(huán)境　切入點(diǎn)：熱舒適　出處：《中南大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著人們生活水平的提高,人們對(duì)室外活動(dòng)的空間和時(shí)間需求日益增加。熱舒適直接影響居民的健康、出行以及工作效率。尤其近年來(lái)高溫?zé)崂耸录l發(fā)、城市熱島效應(yīng)與年俱增,室外熱舒適問(wèn)題逐漸受到關(guān)注。室外熱環(huán)境對(duì)人體熱舒適的影響是急需解決的基礎(chǔ)問(wèn)題之一。盡管室外熱舒適相關(guān)研究已逐步開(kāi)展,但仍存在以下局限性：(1)熱環(huán)境因素對(duì)人體熱舒適的影響缺乏系統(tǒng)的定量化研究；(2)反映人體熱舒適的指標(biāo)并未統(tǒng)一,各指標(biāo)存在何種定量關(guān)系尚不明確；(3)國(guó)內(nèi)外缺乏基礎(chǔ)性實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,實(shí)驗(yàn)樣本極為有限。因此,本文針對(duì)以上三點(diǎn)結(jié)合我國(guó)氣候特征對(duì)熱環(huán)境因素對(duì)人體熱舒適的影響進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)研究。 本文對(duì)湖南省長(zhǎng)沙市街道、公園、廣場(chǎng)、校園等典型公共空間進(jìn)行為期近兩年的實(shí)地測(cè)量與問(wèn)卷調(diào)查,獲得熱環(huán)境參數(shù)(包括空氣溫度、相對(duì)濕度、風(fēng)速、黑球溫度等)和受試者的主觀熱反應(yīng)(包括熱感覺(jué)投票、熱舒適投票、熱可接受度投票等)等數(shù)據(jù)信息。有效樣本數(shù)共計(jì)8150份。采用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法對(duì)熱感覺(jué)投票、熱舒適投票、熱可接受度投票建立兩兩之間的定量關(guān)系。在此基礎(chǔ)上,建立空氣溫度、濕度、風(fēng)速及太陽(yáng)輻射等熱環(huán)境參數(shù)與熱感覺(jué)投票的定量關(guān)系。通過(guò)多因素方差分析定量化熱環(huán)境因素對(duì)人體熱感覺(jué)影響顯著性程度,通過(guò)多元回歸擬合建立熱環(huán)境因素對(duì)人體熱感覺(jué)的影響關(guān)系模型。 研究結(jié)果如下：(1)室外熱環(huán)境下熱感覺(jué)、熱舒適與熱可接受度兩兩之間存在良好的相關(guān)性,熱感覺(jué)與熱舒適、熱感覺(jué)與熱可接受度之間均呈現(xiàn)二次曲線關(guān)系,熱舒適與熱可接受度具有線性變化關(guān)系。(2)熱感覺(jué)與空氣溫度、太陽(yáng)輻射呈線性正相關(guān),與風(fēng)速呈線性負(fù)相關(guān)�？諝鉁囟壬�1℃,熱感覺(jué)提高0.141個(gè)標(biāo)度；黑球—空氣溫度差值升高1℃,熱感覺(jué)提高0.084個(gè)標(biāo)度；風(fēng)速升高1m/s,熱感覺(jué)下降0.354個(gè)標(biāo)度。濕度對(duì)熱感覺(jué)的影響作用仍有待進(jìn)一步研究。(3)空氣溫度是影響熱感覺(jué)最重要的因素,其影響權(quán)重約占總體熱環(huán)境的65%,太陽(yáng)輻射次之,比例約為20%,絕對(duì)濕度與風(fēng)速的影響權(quán)重很小,分別僅占到不到10%。 研究結(jié)果表明,室外熱環(huán)境因素對(duì)人體熱舒適具有顯著影響,這可為準(zhǔn)確評(píng)價(jià)室外環(huán)境下人體熱舒適奠定理論基礎(chǔ),進(jìn)而為營(yíng)造舒適健康的城市熱環(huán)境提供可靠的理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:With the improvement of people's living standard, the demand for space and time for outdoor activities is increasing day by day.Thermal comfort directly affects residents' health, travel and working efficiency.Especially in recent years, the urban heat island effect is increasing year by year, and the outdoor thermal comfort problem has been paid more and more attention.The influence of outdoor thermal environment on human thermal comfort is one of the basic problems that need to be solved.Although the research on outdoor thermal comfort has been carried out step by step, there are still some limitations: 1) the influence of thermal environment factors on human body thermal comfort is lack of systematic quantitative research. 2) the index of reflecting human body thermal comfort is not uniform.The quantitative relationship between each index is not clear. (3) there is a lack of basic experimental research at home and abroad, and the experimental samples are very limited.Therefore, this paper makes a systematic study on the influence of the thermal environment factors on the thermal comfort of the human body according to the above three points combined with the climatic characteristics of China.In this paper, some typical public spaces in Changsha, Hunan Province, such as streets, parks, squares, campuses and other typical public spaces, were measured and investigated for nearly two years, and the thermal environment parameters (including air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed) were obtained.The subjective thermal response (including thermal sensation voting, thermal comfort voting, thermal acceptability voting, etc.).The total number of valid samples was 8150.A statistical method was used to establish the quantitative relationship among the hot sensation vote, the thermal comfortable vote and the heat acceptability vote.On this basis, the quantitative relationship between the thermal environmental parameters such as air temperature, humidity, wind speed and solar radiation is established.The influence of thermal environmental factors on human body thermal sensation was quantified by multivariate variance analysis, and the relationship model of thermal environmental factors on human body thermal sensation was established by multivariate regression fitting.The results are as follows: (1) there is a good correlation between thermal comfort and thermal acceptability in outdoor thermal environment, and there is a conic relationship between thermal sensation and thermal comfort, and between thermal sensation and thermal acceptability.The relationship between thermal comfort and thermal acceptability is linear. (2) Thermal sensation is positively correlated with air temperature, solar radiation is linearly positive, and negatively correlated with wind speed.When the air temperature rises 1 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：1708752