本文選題：飲用水處理　切入點：嗅味物質(zhì)　出處：《東南大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著水體富營養(yǎng)化加重,自然水體中浮游生物尤其是藻類過度生長,藻類生長代謝產(chǎn)生嗅味物質(zhì),使水體產(chǎn)生難聞的氣味。若作為飲用水水源,處理不當(dāng)將嚴(yán)重影響飲用水質(zhì)量。因此開展對水體中嗅味物質(zhì)的研究和解決水體嗅味問題具有十分重要的意義。本研究建立了簡便、有效的水中微量嗅味物質(zhì)分析檢測方法。對宜興市主要水源橫山水庫、油車水庫和西l?水中的典型嗅味物質(zhì)濃度進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)分析,并考察了l?濱水廠制水工藝對嗅味物質(zhì)的去除效果。結(jié)合宜興市l(wèi)?濱水廠現(xiàn)有制水工藝,研究了不同條件下混凝、活性炭吸附和臭氧氧化對嗅味物質(zhì)的去除效果,探討了其去除機理；并對臭氧氧化嗅味物質(zhì)過程中的中間產(chǎn)物進(jìn)行了鑒定,初步分析其可能的降解途徑。采用頂空固相微萃取結(jié)合氣質(zhì)聯(lián)用法測定水中的土臭素、二甲基異莰醇、β-環(huán)檸檬醛和β-紫羅蘭酮。4種嗅味物質(zhì)在宜興市主要水源中均有檢出,均表現(xiàn)出春季、夏季濃度較高,冬季濃度較低的特點。二甲基異莰醇和β-紫羅蘭酮是橫山水庫、油車水庫以及西l?水的主要致嗅污染物。水廠制水工藝對GSM、2-MIB、β-換檸檬醛和β-紫羅蘭酮的去除率分別在34～42%、34～55%、14～40%、61～69%之間�；炷龑嶒灠l(fā)現(xiàn),混凝對嗅味物質(zhì)的直接去除效果不佳,但能通過沉淀有效去除水中藻細(xì)胞,進(jìn)而去除藻細(xì)胞體內(nèi)的嗅味物質(zhì)。粉末活性炭可有效吸附去除水中的嗅味物質(zhì),其吸附過程均符合Freundlich吸附等溫線模型,對β-紫羅蘭酮的吸附容量最大,2-MIB的吸附容量最小。原水中天然性有機物對嗅味物質(zhì)的吸附去除產(chǎn)生了競爭吸附作用。增加活性炭投加量可提高嗅味物質(zhì)的去除率,在極酸和極堿環(huán)境下,4種嗅味物質(zhì)的去除率差異較大。水中加入腐殖酸會抑制嗅味物質(zhì)的吸附去除。PAC對嗅味物質(zhì)的吸附過程符合偽二級吸附動力學(xué),4種嗅味物質(zhì)的初始吸附速率常數(shù)隨嗅味物初始濃度增加而上升,隨腐殖酸濃度增加而下降,PAC最大吸附量隨著腐殖酸投加量增加而減小。水中含有的有機物越多,對嗅味物質(zhì)的吸附去除越不利。臭氧氧化可有效去除水中的嗅味物質(zhì),其氧化過程符合偽一級反應(yīng)動力學(xué)。反應(yīng)速率常數(shù)從大到小順序為：β-紫羅蘭酮(0.0821S-1)β-環(huán)檸檬醛(0.0611S-1)GSM(0.0366S-1) 2-MIB(0.0184S1)。在臭氧充足條件下(03/嗅味物質(zhì)≥0.03mg/ng),4種嗅味物質(zhì)均有較高的反應(yīng)速率,且去除率達(dá)到90%以上。當(dāng)原水的天然性有機物含量較高時,嗅味物質(zhì)的氧化去除效率下降。在嗅味物質(zhì)的氧化過程中,羥基自由基起主要作用,臭氧分子起次要作用。當(dāng)水中存在HCO3-離子和叔丁醇等自由基抑制劑時,嗅昧物質(zhì)的氧化作用被抑制。較低濃度的腐殖酸(1-2.5mg/L)能提高臭氧對嗅味物質(zhì)的去除效率,而高濃度的腐殖酸(≥5mg/L)對氧化作用產(chǎn)生抑制。4種嗅味物質(zhì)會被臭氧氧化產(chǎn)生一系列小分子的酸、酮、醛、醇,最后被氧化生成C02和H20。
[Abstract]:With the increase of eutrophication, plankton, especially algae, overgrow in the natural water body, and the growth and metabolism of algae produce odorous substances, which make the water body produce bad smell.As a drinking water source, improper treatment will seriously affect the quality of drinking water.Therefore, it is of great significance to study and solve the problem of odorous substances in water body.In this study, a simple and effective method for the determination of trace odorous substances in water was established.The main water source of Yixing City Hengshan Reservoir, Oil truck Reservoir and West lst?The concentration of typical odorous substances in water was systematically analyzed, and l?Removal of odorous substances by waterfront water preparation process.Combined with Yixing City?In this paper, the effects of coagulation, activated carbon adsorption and ozone oxidation on the removal of odorous substances under different conditions were studied, and the removal mechanism was discussed, and the intermediate products in the process of ozonation of smelling substances were identified.The possible degradation pathway was preliminarily analyzed.Headspace solid phase microextraction (SPME) combined with GC-MS was used to determine the odorous substances of soil odor, dimethyl isocamphene, 尾 -cyclocitral and 尾 -ionone in the main water sources of Yixing City.The characteristic of low concentration in winter.Dimethyl isobenol and 尾 -ionone are Hengshan Reservoir, Oil truck Reservoir and West lst?The main sniffing contaminants of water.The removal rates of GSMN 2-MIB, 尾 -exchange citral and 尾 -ionone in water plant were between 3442 and 3455 and 611.69%, respectively, for GSM2-MIB, 尾 -exchanged citral and 尾 -ionone.The results of coagulation experiments showed that the direct removal of odorous substances by coagulation was not good, but it could effectively remove algae cells from water by precipitation, and then remove odour substances in algae cells.Powder activated carbon can effectively adsorb and remove odorous substances in water. The adsorption process accords with the Freundlich adsorption isotherm model, and the adsorption capacity of 尾 -ionone is the largest and the adsorption capacity of 2-MIB is the smallest.The natural organic matter in raw water has a competitive adsorption effect on the removal of odorous substances.The removal rate of odorous substances could be improved by increasing the dosage of activated carbon, and the removal rates of four kinds of odorous substances were different under the conditions of polar acid and extreme alkali.Humic acid in water could inhibit the adsorption of odorous substances. The adsorption process of PAC to odorous substances was in accordance with pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetics. The initial adsorption rate constants of four kinds of odorous substances increased with the increase of initial concentration of odors.The maximum adsorption capacity of PAC decreased with the increase of humic acid concentration.The more organic matter in the water, the more unfavorable to the adsorption and removal of odorous substances.Ozone oxidation can effectively remove odorous substances in water and the oxidation process accords with pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics.The order of reaction rate constant is: 尾 -ionone 0.0821S-1) 尾 -Cyclocitral 0.0611S-1 GSM 0.0366S-1) 2-MIB 0.01844S1.Under the condition of sufficient ozone, the reaction rate of the four odorous substances was higher than 0.03mg / ngGN, and the removal rate was more than 90%.When the content of natural organic compounds in raw water is high, the removal efficiency of odorous substances decreases.Hydroxyl radicals play a major role and ozone molecules play a secondary role in the oxidation of odorous substances.When free radical inhibitors such as HCO3- and tert-butanol exist in water, the oxidation of smelling substances is inhibited.A lower concentration of humic acid (1-2.5mg / L) improves the removal efficiency of odorous substances by ozone, while a high concentration of humic acid (鈮，

本文編號：1702803