本文選題：公共聚集場所　切入點(diǎn)：安全疏散　出處：《中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來，商場火災(zāi)事故和擁擠踩踏事故頻繁發(fā)生，人員群體安全疏散問題對(duì)社會(huì)產(chǎn)生了極大震動(dòng)，引起各相關(guān)部門人員的高度重視。本文針對(duì)商場這一公共聚集場所，采用人員監(jiān)測統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件及問卷調(diào)查方式，運(yùn)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析方法，研究商場內(nèi)不同出口、不同時(shí)間段內(nèi)人流量、滯留量變化以及人員特征對(duì)疏散行為的影響。 首先，通過人員統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件，獲取商場主要入口不同時(shí)間段的人流量及總進(jìn)出人流量，并通過黑箱理論，計(jì)算出不同時(shí)間段內(nèi)商場人員滯留量。研究結(jié)果表明：不同時(shí)間段，商場人流量變化較大。5個(gè)主要通道中，2號(hào)門進(jìn)出人流量最大，開業(yè)當(dāng)日，2號(hào)門入口人流量峰值最高，達(dá)到8417人，峰值出現(xiàn)時(shí)間為上午10:00。人流高峰主要集中在2013年12月6日、2013年12月24日、2014年1月31日以及2014年2月14日，且四天人流高峰中，除大年初一即1月31日人流量高峰期出現(xiàn)在下午，其他三天高峰主要出現(xiàn)在晚上。年后及工作日，日滯留人數(shù)高峰期主要出現(xiàn)在下午14:00及15:00時(shí)間段，對(duì)于本文研究的其他各時(shí)間，滯留人數(shù)高峰期主要出現(xiàn)在晚上19:00時(shí)間段，開業(yè)時(shí)期滯留人數(shù)高峰值與其他三個(gè)時(shí)期相差較大。 其次，通過組織現(xiàn)場問卷調(diào)查，獲取數(shù)據(jù)樣本，研究人員特征對(duì)疏散心理行為的影響。運(yùn)用列聯(lián)表分析方法對(duì)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析研究。研究結(jié)果表明：身份與出口熟悉度、火災(zāi)第一反應(yīng)以及疏散路徑選擇之間存在顯著的相關(guān)關(guān)系，工作人員對(duì)出口較為熟悉，且更偏向于選擇最近出口進(jìn)行疏散，顧客的火災(zāi)第一反應(yīng)更多的是傾向于告知他人并逃生。年齡與火災(zāi)第一反應(yīng)和疏散路徑選擇之間存在顯著的相關(guān)關(guān)系，成年女士對(duì)于火災(zāi)第一反應(yīng)，傾向于首先選擇告知他人并逃生，兒童在選擇疏散路徑時(shí)，，偏向于選擇最近出口進(jìn)行疏散。教育程度與出口熟悉度和疏散路徑選擇之間存在顯著的相關(guān)關(guān)系，大學(xué)及以上人員對(duì)出口不太熟悉的人員較多，這可能是與大學(xué)及以上人員對(duì)商場熟悉度有關(guān)，在出現(xiàn)擁堵的時(shí)候很少選擇向前擠。是否接受過演習(xí)或培訓(xùn)與火災(zāi)第一反應(yīng)和出口擁堵狀況的影響直接存在顯著的相關(guān)關(guān)系。相較其他人員，接受過演習(xí)或培訓(xùn)人員對(duì)火災(zāi)第一反應(yīng)，選擇采取措施滅火的較多，在出口出現(xiàn)擁堵狀況時(shí)更多地會(huì)選擇疏導(dǎo)人群，而其他人員更多地是選擇其他出口進(jìn)行疏散。
[Abstract]:In recent years, fire accidents and stampede accidents in shopping malls have occurred frequently, and the safety evacuation of people has caused a great shock to the society, which has aroused the attention of the relevant departments. This paper aims at the mall as a public gathering place. By means of statistical software and questionnaire survey, the effects of different exits and different time periods on evacuation behavior were studied by means of statistical analysis. First of all, through the personnel statistics software, we obtain the flow of people and the total flow of people in and out of the main entrance of the mall in different time periods, and through the black box theory, calculate the number of people stranded in different time periods. The results show that: different time periods, The number of people in and out of the No. 2 entrance is the largest in and out of the five main passageways. On the opening day, the peak passenger flow at the entrance to the No. 2 entrance reaches 8417 people. The peak time is 10: 00 a.m. the peak of passenger flow is mainly concentrated on December 6, 2013, December 24, 2014, January 31, and February 14, 2014. The peak of the other three days occurred mainly at 14:00 and 15:00 in the evening. After the year and on weekdays, the peak of the daily retention occurred at 14:00 and 15:00. For the other times studied in this paper, the peak of the number of people staying mainly occurred at 19:00 in the evening. The peak value of the number of stranded people in the opening period is quite different from that in the other three periods. Secondly, the influence of the characteristics of the researchers on the psychological behavior of evacuation is analyzed by organizing a questionnaire survey on the spot. The statistical data are analyzed by using the method of column table analysis. The results show that: identity and familiarity of exit, There was a significant correlation between the first fire response and evacuation path selection. The workers were familiar with the exit and preferred to choose the nearest exit for evacuation. There was a significant correlation between age and fire first reaction and evacuation path choice. Children tend to choose the nearest exit to evacuate when they choose the evacuation path. There is a significant correlation between the education level and the familiarity of the exit and the choice of the evacuation path, and there is a significant correlation between the degree of education and the degree of familiarity of the exit and the choice of the evacuation path. University and above personnel are not very familiar with the export personnel, this may be related to the university and above the degree of familiarity with shopping malls, When congestion occurs, there is little choice to move forward. There is a significant correlation between whether or not you have received a drill or training and the impact of the first fire response and the impact of exit congestion. After receiving drills or training personnel to the first response to the fire, more people choose to take measures to extinguish the fire, more people will choose to clear the crowd when the exit is congested, and others will choose the other exit to evacuate more.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TU998.1

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