本文選題：開啟　切入點：功能轉(zhuǎn)化　出處：《上海師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：室內(nèi)空間的應(yīng)用是否成立，在于門窗功能的明確，正因為空間中有了門窗才形成一個較為完善可以使用的房間。《道德經(jīng)》中“鑿戶牖以為室，當(dāng)其無，有室之用，故有之以為利，無之以為用”。 研究宋代建筑門窗的功能。就中國而言建筑方面從宋代有了《營造法式》，，開始確立了官方營造技術(shù)的規(guī)范，對中國建筑有著深遠(yuǎn)的影響。特別是小木作從建筑中獨立出來，在營造中成為不可或缺的組成部分。如此建筑門窗在唐宋之間有了質(zhì)的飛躍。在很多史料中記載，建筑中的門窗在宋代以前通常是不能夠^u啟的，這意味著門窗的功能極為有限。唐代到宋代建筑門窗的功能開始有了轉(zhuǎn)變，可供^u啟閉合的門窗出現(xiàn)。這之間的功能轉(zhuǎn)變就在于唐宋年間的轉(zhuǎn)化，以至于到了宋代建筑與門窗的新關(guān)系之中。 簡述建筑門窗在中國的起源與背景。從半坡遺址中門窗的雛形到西周時期有一定的防御功能和造型。隨著秦漢的統(tǒng)一建筑規(guī)矩開始建立，門窗有了簡單的功能變化，門窗中欞條的出現(xiàn)，成為支撐局部結(jié)構(gòu)的功能構(gòu)件。三國時的文人雅士逃避世俗，把注意力轉(zhuǎn)移到生活環(huán)境中，對門窗的裝飾帶來了增強(qiáng)。所以唐宋以前千余年中，建筑門窗的功能停留在通風(fēng)，采光以及簡單的裝飾之中。 唐宋的城市格局對建筑要求逐步提升，從而門窗的功能轉(zhuǎn)化也隨之到來。社會等級的規(guī)定己體現(xiàn)在門窗之中，在不同的建筑中有一定的功能變化。詩詞中通過視覺與美學(xué)的相結(jié)合去了解內(nèi)外的世界，從中體現(xiàn)出門窗功能的轉(zhuǎn)變。唐宋把門窗的采光與通風(fēng)發(fā)揮的淋漓盡致。門窗的位置在建筑中更為自由。新形式的門窗類型帶來較大功能轉(zhuǎn)變，形成了可供開啟的門窗。格子門窗又稱為的隔扇，即是門又是窗的形式，對宋代門窗功能的完善有了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。隨著門窗的范圍增大對裝飾的要求也就越高，出現(xiàn)了珠窗網(wǎng)戶的形制。 宋代建筑門窗規(guī)范了新的關(guān)系。特別在《營造法式》中小木作的獨立出現(xiàn),說明了門窗在不同建筑與不同位置，發(fā)揮各自的功能。特別是格子門，是對當(dāng)時門窗定義的重大轉(zhuǎn)變，為建筑門窗的功能發(fā)展提供了一個平臺。社會禮制在建筑門窗中開始帶有一定的標(biāo)志性。宋詞的描述中看到文人對建筑門窗與居住環(huán)境寄托的情感表達(dá)，客觀的去詮釋建筑門窗的功能發(fā)展對人們生活環(huán)境的新拓展。最終的理論基礎(chǔ)在《營造法式》的小木作中，說明了建筑門窗在當(dāng)時的界定與類型的定義，將其中的功能進(jìn)行解釋分析，來承托全文的理論根據(jù)。 現(xiàn)代社會對宋代建筑門窗的發(fā)展，分析其中的歷史價值。對宋代以后建筑門窗的影響做一定的了解。同時相比較歐洲同時期門窗的主要區(qū)別，來突出宋代建筑門窗的優(yōu)勢與特點。
[Abstract]:Whether the application of indoor space is established or not lies in the clear function of doors and windows. It is precisely because there are doors and windows in the space that a more perfect and usable room is formed. Therefore, there is a profit, nothing for use "." To study the functions of the doors and windows of the buildings in the Song Dynasty. As far as China is concerned, the construction has been established since the Song Dynasty, and the regulations of the official construction technology have been established, which has a profound influence on the Chinese architecture. Especially, the small wood works are independent from the buildings. It has become an indispensable part of the building. Thus, the doors and windows of the building made a qualitative leap between the Tang and Song dynasties. In many historical records, the doors and windows in the building were usually unable to open before the Song Dynasty. This means that the functions of doors and windows are extremely limited. The functions of doors and windows in Tang and Song dynasties have begun to change, and the doors and windows that can be opened and closed have emerged. The functional changes between these functions are due to the transformation of the Tang and Song dynasties. To the Song Dynasty architecture and doors and windows in the new relationship. This paper briefly describes the origin and background of architectural doors and windows in China. From the embryonic form of windows and doors in the Banpo site to the certain defensive functions and shapes of the Western Zhou Dynasty, with the establishment of the unified building rules of the Qin and Han dynasties, the doors and windows have had simple functional changes. The appearance of the lattice in the windows and doors became the functional component supporting the local structure. The literati and elegant scholars of the three Kingdoms avoided the common customs and shifted their attention to the living environment, which enhanced the decoration of the doors and windows. So, more than a thousand years before the Tang and Song dynasties, The function of building doors and windows stays in ventilation, daylighting and simple decoration. The urban pattern of the Tang and Song dynasties gradually raised the architectural requirements, so the functional transformation of windows and doors came along with it. The rules of social hierarchy have been embodied in the doors and windows. In different buildings there are certain functional changes. Poetry through the combination of vision and aesthetics to understand the world inside and outside, In Tang and Song dynasties, the lighting and ventilation of windows and doors are brought into full play. The location of windows and doors is more free in architecture. The new type of doors and windows brings great functional changes. The latticed door and window, also known as the partition fan, was the form of the door and window, which had a profound influence on the perfection of the function of the door and window in the Song Dynasty. As the scope of the door and window increased, the requirements for decoration became higher. The appearance of Pearl screen door. In the Song Dynasty, the doors and windows of buildings regulated the new relationship. Especially in the independent appearance of the small and medium-sized wooden works, the doors and windows played their respective functions in different buildings and different positions, especially the latticed doors. It was a major change in the definition of doors and windows at that time. It provides a platform for the functional development of architectural doors and windows. Social etiquette begins to carry a certain symbol in the architectural windows and doors. In the description of Song ci, it is found that the literati express their feelings to the architectural windows and doors and the living environment. Objective interpretation of the function of architectural doors and windows to the development of the new expansion of people's living environment. The ultimate theoretical basis in the "creation of French style" in the small wood, explained the architectural doors and windows at that time the definition and type of the definition, Explain and analyze the function to support the theoretical basis of the full text. The modern society analyzes the historical value of the development of architectural doors and windows in Song Dynasty, and makes a certain understanding of the influence of architectural windows and doors after Song Dynasty. At the same time, it compares the main differences between windows and doors in Europe at the same time. To highlight the advantages and characteristics of the Song Dynasty architectural doors and windows.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU-86;TU228

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本文編號：1636279