發(fā)布時間：2018-03-19 14:37

  本文選題：混合試驗(yàn)　切入點(diǎn)：模型更新　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：結(jié)構(gòu)混合試驗(yàn)是將物理加載試驗(yàn)和數(shù)值模擬相結(jié)合來評估大型復(fù)雜土木結(jié)構(gòu)地震反應(yīng)和抗震性能的有效試驗(yàn)技術(shù)，目前正得到了研究者們的廣泛關(guān)注。目前已在混合試驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)、數(shù)值積分算法、加載控制、時滯補(bǔ)償、誤差累計控制等關(guān)鍵技術(shù)方面取得了一定的研究成果。然而，對于高層建筑或者大跨度橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行混合試驗(yàn)時，研究者們會遇到很大困難。當(dāng)整體結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)入非線性，不可能將所有關(guān)鍵部分都進(jìn)行物理試驗(yàn)，如何準(zhǔn)確模擬數(shù)值子結(jié)構(gòu)成為最大的挑戰(zhàn)。為了能夠提高混合試驗(yàn)中數(shù)值子結(jié)構(gòu)模型的準(zhǔn)確性，提出了基于約束隱性卡爾曼濾波器的模型更新混合方法。模型更新混合試驗(yàn)方法的研究對推動混合試驗(yàn)方法發(fā)展及客觀揭示大型復(fù)雜土木結(jié)構(gòu)的動力災(zāi)變過程具有重要的理論意義和實(shí)用價值。 本文針對基于模型更新的土木結(jié)構(gòu)混合試驗(yàn)方法的一些關(guān)鍵科學(xué)問題進(jìn)行了研究，主要研究內(nèi)容如下： (1)采用確定性最小二乘法在線識別雙折線模型參數(shù)，通過數(shù)值模擬和試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了在相同加載路徑下的在線模型更新效果。研究表明：該方法具有良好的參數(shù)識別精度和較高的計算效率。針對兩層防屈曲支撐結(jié)構(gòu)，首次進(jìn)行了模型更新的混合試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。試驗(yàn)研究表明：與傳統(tǒng)混合試驗(yàn)相比，在線模型更新可以有效地減小混合試驗(yàn)數(shù)值模型誤差，提高混合試驗(yàn)精度。 (2)針對常量標(biāo)量系統(tǒng)，推導(dǎo)了不考慮過程噪聲和考慮過程噪聲狀態(tài)估計方差解析表達(dá)式，給出了卡爾曼濾波器影響參數(shù)對狀態(tài)估計影響規(guī)律。采用狀態(tài)估計方差作為狀態(tài)估計評價標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，給出了使用卡爾曼濾波器進(jìn)行狀態(tài)估計時濾波器參數(shù)取值建議。驗(yàn)證了采用狀態(tài)投影方法來解決界限約束狀態(tài)估計的合理性。提出了考慮乘性噪聲卡爾曼濾波器的最優(yōu)估計遞推算法，通過彈性結(jié)構(gòu)剛度識別驗(yàn)證了算法的有效性。 (3)研究了基于隱性卡爾曼濾波器(UKF)的模型更新方法，，搭建了基于dSPACE控制平臺的FTS作動器試驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)，針對彈性試件首次進(jìn)行了基于UKF的模型更新混合試驗(yàn)。試驗(yàn)表明：與傳統(tǒng)混合試驗(yàn)相比，該試驗(yàn)方法大幅度地提高了混合試驗(yàn)精度。提出了基于修改Sigma點(diǎn)(Sigma Points)位置及權(quán)重的約束隱性卡爾曼濾波器算法(約束UKF)。與UKF相比，約束UKF算法主要有兩個方面的改進(jìn)：1)在預(yù)測步中，將違反界限約束的Sigma點(diǎn)移至邊界上，同時將約束界限內(nèi)的Sigma點(diǎn)做相應(yīng)對稱調(diào)整，并從理論上證明當(dāng)κ=0.5時考慮約束的UT變換算法具有一階精度；2)在校正步中，采用狀態(tài)更新方程產(chǎn)生變換后的Sigma點(diǎn)，當(dāng)更新的狀態(tài)估計違反界限約束時，直接將超出約束邊界的Sigma點(diǎn)投影到邊界上，并給出了校正步狀態(tài)估計均值和協(xié)方差計算公式的理論證明。所提出的算法可以同時考慮了界限約束對狀態(tài)估計均值和協(xié)方差的影響，而且具有較高的計算效率，能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)實(shí)時模型更新。給出了Bouc-Wen模型在線參數(shù)識別方法。研究表明：與UKF方法相比，約束UKF方法能夠有效地減小參數(shù)識別值前期波動幅度，確保參數(shù)識別值的物理意義，提高參數(shù)識別收斂速度和模型更新精度。進(jìn)行了濾波器初始參數(shù)影響分析，并給出參數(shù)選擇建議。 (4)針對兩個自由度非線性結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了基于約束UKF模型更新的混合試驗(yàn)數(shù)值模擬，驗(yàn)證了該試驗(yàn)方法的有效性和可行性。采用dSPACE-MTS實(shí)時混合試驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)，分別針對防屈曲支撐結(jié)構(gòu)首次進(jìn)行了慢速和實(shí)時的模型更新混合試驗(yàn)。試驗(yàn)表明：與傳統(tǒng)混合試驗(yàn)和基于UKF模型更新的混合試驗(yàn)相比，基于約束UKF模型更新的混合試驗(yàn)方法可以更大程度地提高混合試驗(yàn)精度。 (5)提出基于OpenSees的模型更新混合試驗(yàn)方法，針對一榀六層框架-支撐結(jié)構(gòu)，進(jìn)行了多種情況下的模型更新混合試驗(yàn)數(shù)值仿真。數(shù)值子結(jié)構(gòu)和試驗(yàn)子結(jié)構(gòu)均采用OpenSees進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬，模型參數(shù)識別采用Matlab編程實(shí)現(xiàn)。通過修改原OpenSees程序源代碼，建立可以模型更新的twoNodeLink單元。采用Socket通信技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)OpenSees和Matlab程序的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸。分別討論試驗(yàn)支撐采用Bouc-Wen模型和考慮強(qiáng)度、剛度退化的Bouc-Wen模型兩種情況下模型誤差對混合試驗(yàn)精度的影響。研究表明，模型誤差將導(dǎo)致模型參數(shù)識別值很難收斂到一個穩(wěn)態(tài)值，具有較強(qiáng)的時變性，這會降低模型更新混合試驗(yàn)精度。提出了將模型更新與多個試驗(yàn)子結(jié)構(gòu)混合試驗(yàn)相結(jié)合來減小模型誤差影響的方法，嘗試選擇多個關(guān)鍵部位的構(gòu)件作為試驗(yàn)子結(jié)構(gòu)，然后分別更新與其加載路徑和非線性程度相近的數(shù)值子結(jié)構(gòu)模型。研究表明，該方法能夠有效地減小模型誤差對模型更新的影響，提高了模型更新混合試驗(yàn)精度。
[Abstract]:The structure of hybrid test is the physical load test and numerical simulation were combined to evaluate the effective test technology of structural seismic response and seismic performance of complex civil engineering, currently has received wide attention from researchers. Now in the hybrid test system, numerical integral algorithm, load control, delay compensation, the key technology of cumulative error control has made some achievements. However, for high-rise buildings or large span bridge structure of hybrid test, researchers will encounter great difficulties. When the overall structure in nonlinear, can not be all of the key part of the physical test, how to accurately simulate the numerical substructure has become the biggest challenge. In order to improve the accuracy of the numerical the sub structure model of mixed test, the proposed constraint implicit Calman filter model updating method based on mixed model. The mixed update test The research of inspection method is of great theoretical and practical value for promoting the development of hybrid test method and objectively revealing the dynamic catastrophe process of large complex civil structures.
In this paper, some key scientific problems in the hybrid test method of civil structure based on model updating are studied. The main contents are as follows:
(1) using deterministic least squares on-line identification of bilinear model parameters through numerical simulation and experimental verification of the online model in the same loading path update effect. The calculation results show that the efficiency of this method has good accuracy and high parameter identification. According to the two layer of BRB structure, the first hybrid test model update. Test results show that compared with the traditional hybrid test, online update model can effectively reduce the mixed numerical model test error, improve the accuracy of hybrid test.
(2) according to the constant scalar system is derived without considering the process noise and the noise variance of state estimation considering the process of analytic expression gives Calman filter parameter effects on state estimation are studied. The state estimation variance as the evaluation criteria adopted for state estimation, given the use of Calman filters for state estimation filter parameters are verified by the state. The projection method to solve the reasonable limit constrained state estimation is proposed. The optimal multiplicative noise Calman filter estimation recursive algorithm, the elastic stiffness of the structure to identify the validity of the algorithm.
(3) the hidden Calman filter (UKF) based on the model updating method, set up the dSPACE control platform based on FTS actuator test system for elastic specimen for the first time UKF model updating based on the test of mixed. The experimental results show that compared with the traditional hybrid test, this test method greatly improves mixing the accuracy of the test. Put forward the modification based on Sigma (Sigma Points) algorithm and Calman filter constraints implicit position weight (constraint UKF). Compared with UKF, two improvements are the main constraint UKF algorithm: 1) in the prediction step, will break the limits of Sigma point to the boundary, at the same time constraints the Sigma do the corresponding symmetric adjustment, and it is proved that when considering UT K =0.5 transform algorithm with the constraints of the first order accuracy; 2) in the correction, the state update equation produced change after Sigma, when more A new state estimation in violation of limits, directly will exceed the projection constraint boundary point Sigma to the boundary, and gives the correction step state estimation formula proved mean and covariance theory. The proposed algorithm can simultaneously consider the boundary constraints on the effect of state estimation of mean and covariance, and with high computational efficiency. To achieve the real-time model updating. The Bouc-Wen model of online parameter identification method. The results show that, compared with UKF method, constrained UKF method could effectively reduce the value of parameter identification pre fluctuations, to ensure the physical meaning of the parameters identification value, improve the convergence speed of parameter identification and model updating accuracy are analyzed. The initial parameters of the filter effect. And gives the parameter selection suggestions.
(4) for the two degree of freedom nonlinear structure by numerical simulation of mixing test update constraints based on UKF model, verify the validity of the test and the feasibility of the method. The test system for real-time hybrid dSPACE-MTS, respectively for the anti buckling support structure for the first time in the slow and real-time model updating hybrid test. The results show that, compared with the the traditional hybrid test and mixed test UKF model updating based on hybrid testing method update constraints based on UKF model can greatly improve the accuracy of the mixed test.
(5) OpenSees model is proposed to update the test method based on mixed, according to a six storey braced frame structure, a variety of situation model updating hybrid test numerical simulation. The numerical substructure and the experimental substructure were numerically simulated by OpenSees model, parameter identification using Matlab programming by modifying the original OpenSees program. The source code, can establish twoNodeLink cell model updating. The realization of OpenSees data transmission and Matlab program using Socket communication technology are discussed. The test is supported by Bouc-Wen model and considering the strength, stiffness of the back effects of Bouc-Wen model of the two model error on the accuracy of the mixed test. The results show that the model error will lead to the model parameters the identification value is difficult to converge to a steady value, has strong time-varying, which will reduce the accuracy of model updating is proposed. The hybrid test model updating With multiple test Substructure Hybrid test combination method to reduce the influence of model error, try to choose a number of key component parts as experimental substructure, and then update the numerical substructure model with nonlinear loading path and similar levels. The results show that the method can effectively reduce the influence of model error on model updating to improve the model accuracy, update the hybrid test.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU317

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 李進(jìn),王煥定,張永山,趙桂峰;高階單步實(shí)時動力子結(jié)構(gòu)試驗(yàn)技術(shù)研究[J];地震工程與工程振動;2005年01期

2 王進(jìn)廷,金峰,張楚漢;結(jié)構(gòu)抗震試驗(yàn)方法的發(fā)展[J];地震工程與工程振動;2005年04期

3 田石柱;蔡新江;;遠(yuǎn)程協(xié)同結(jié)構(gòu)試驗(yàn)方法研究與發(fā)展[J];地震工程與工程振動;2006年05期

4 凌賢長;;E-Defense建設(shè)與相關(guān)研究[J];地震工程與工程振動;2008年04期

5 王向英;田石柱;;子結(jié)構(gòu)地震模擬振動臺混合試驗(yàn)原理與實(shí)現(xiàn)[J];地震工程與工程振動;2009年04期

6 劉季，李暄，張培卿;大剛度結(jié)構(gòu)力控制擬動力實(shí)驗(yàn)方法[J];地震工程與工程振動;1996年04期

7 李暄,劉季,田石柱;結(jié)構(gòu)擬動力試驗(yàn)力控制實(shí)現(xiàn)技術(shù)[J];地震工程與工程振動;1997年01期

8 Shuenn-Yih Chang;;Extensions of nonlinear error propagation analysis for explicit pseudodynamic testing[J];Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration;2009年01期

9 張敏政,孟慶利,劉曉明;建筑結(jié)構(gòu)的地震模擬試驗(yàn)研究[J];工程抗震;2003年04期

10 程紹革,白雪霜,趙鵬飛,王亞勇;結(jié)構(gòu)抗震混合試驗(yàn)技術(shù)初探[J];工程抗震與加固改造;2005年05期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前5條

1 鄧?yán)?子結(jié)構(gòu)試驗(yàn)的數(shù)值穩(wěn)定性分析[D];哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué);2011年

2 陳再現(xiàn);框支配筋砌塊短肢砌體結(jié)構(gòu)擬動力子結(jié)構(gòu)試驗(yàn)研究[D];哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué);2009年

3 許國山;實(shí)時子結(jié)構(gòu)試驗(yàn)的等效力控制方法[D];哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué);2010年

4 譚曉晶;大剛度試件擬動力試驗(yàn)方法[D];哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué);2013年

5 王貞;實(shí)時混合試驗(yàn)的控制和時間積分算法[D];哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué);2012年

本文編號：1634699