本文選題：高層辦公建筑　切入點：問卷調(diào)查　出處：《重慶大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速增長和城市規(guī)模的不斷擴(kuò)大，城市中的建筑物向著高層和超高層方向發(fā)展，而高層辦公建筑是高層建筑最主要的類型之一。高層建筑火災(zāi)時的火災(zāi)蔓延快、火災(zāi)煙氣多、疏散困難、火災(zāi)撲救難度大等缺點，使得人員疏散及滅火救援的難度非常大。我國對于高層辦公建筑的人員疏散及滅火救援研究處于起步階段，本文對其的研究具有重要的理論意義和實用價值。 本文課題來源于公安部重點研究計劃項目，主要開展了高層辦公建筑人員安全疏散行為問卷調(diào)查，并結(jié)合問卷調(diào)查的分析，改進(jìn)了課題組原有的人員疏散仿真軟件ZGESS。開展了消防員滅火救援心理及行為問卷調(diào)查，探討了一種滅火救援技戰(zhàn)術(shù)的預(yù)案，并開展了實地滅火救援演練。論文取得的主要研究成果如下： ①結(jié)合了高層辦公建筑特點、社會統(tǒng)計學(xué)的調(diào)查方法以及人員疏散基本理論，設(shè)計了高層辦公建筑人員安全疏散行為問卷調(diào)查，涉及了人員的基本特征、人員對消防設(shè)施的認(rèn)知程度和人員在緊急情況下的心理及行為特征三個問卷變量。問卷調(diào)查結(jié)果表明，大多數(shù)人熟悉建筑應(yīng)急照明和疏散標(biāo)志以及建筑內(nèi)部應(yīng)有的滅火設(shè)施，火災(zāi)時大部分人的第一反應(yīng)、疏散方式以及煙氣反應(yīng)等較為合理，體現(xiàn)了我國近年來消防安全宣傳已取得一定成效，但仍有少數(shù)人員對火災(zāi)安全知識較為匱乏，建議消防部門繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)消防安全宣傳。相關(guān)性分析表明，性別、年齡、受教育情況、安全訓(xùn)練等是影響人員疏散行為的顯著因素，建議消防部門應(yīng)加大對女性、老年人和年輕人等的消防安全教育，定期組織專項安全訓(xùn)練。 ②使用新的開發(fā)平臺和編程語言，增加更為簡單實用的功能鍵和界面顯示，并對人員移動疏散法則進(jìn)行改進(jìn)，改進(jìn)了課題組原有疏散仿真軟件ZGESS。將疏散仿真軟件與商業(yè)軟件Pathfinder進(jìn)行對比分析，驗證了疏散仿真軟件的可信度。開展了消防員滅火救援心理及行為問卷調(diào)查，發(fā)現(xiàn)大多數(shù)消防員對滅火救援工作有著正確的認(rèn)識，體現(xiàn)了我國消防員較高的素質(zhì)水平，建議消防部門應(yīng)繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)對消防員的心理教育和組織消防演習(xí)。 ③闡述了高層建筑滅火救援的基本技戰(zhàn)術(shù)，指出合理選擇滅火和救援的進(jìn)攻入口及進(jìn)攻路徑是內(nèi)攻滅火救援的關(guān)鍵。探討了一種滅火救援技戰(zhàn)術(shù)的預(yù)案，，選取某高校高層教學(xué)辦公樓，針對典型的火災(zāi)場景，利用FDS軟件模擬火災(zāi)煙氣運(yùn)動，規(guī)劃出合理安全的滅火救援路線，開展了實地滅火救援演練。
[Abstract]:With the rapid growth of economy and the expansion of the city scale, the buildings in the city develop towards the high-rise and super-high buildings, and the high-rise office buildings are one of the most important types of high-rise buildings. The disadvantages of fire smoke, difficulty in evacuation, difficulty in fire fighting and rescue, make it very difficult to evacuate people and put out fire and rescue. In our country, the research on personnel evacuation and fire fighting and rescue of high-rise office buildings is still in its infancy. The research in this paper has important theoretical significance and practical value. This paper comes from the key research project of the Ministry of Public Security, mainly carries out the questionnaire survey of the safety evacuation behavior of the personnel in the high-rise office buildings, and combines the analysis of the questionnaire survey. The original evacuation simulation software ZGESS. the questionnaire survey of firefighters' psychology and behavior was carried out, and a plan of firefighting and rescue techniques and tactics was discussed. The main research results of this paper are as follows:. 1. Combining the characteristics of high-rise office buildings, the survey method of social statistics and the basic theory of evacuation, a questionnaire survey on the safety evacuation behavior of personnel in high-rise office buildings is designed, which involves the basic characteristics of personnel. The results of the questionnaire showed that most people were familiar with the emergency lighting and evacuation signs and the fire extinguishing facilities within the building. The first reaction, evacuation mode and smoke reaction of most people in the fire are more reasonable, which shows that fire safety propaganda has made some achievements in recent years in our country, but there are still a few people lack of knowledge of fire safety. The correlation analysis shows that sex, age, education, safety training and so on are the significant factors influencing evacuation behavior, and it is suggested that fire departments should pay more attention to women. The elderly and young people and other fire safety education, regular organization of special safety training. 2 using the new development platform and programming language, adding more simple and practical function keys and interface display, and improving the rules of evacuation of people, The original evacuation simulation software ZGES was improved. The evacuation simulation software and commercial software Pathfinder were compared and analyzed to verify the reliability of the evacuation simulation software. A questionnaire survey on fire fighting and rescue psychology and behavior of firemen was carried out. It is found that the majority of firefighters have a correct understanding of firefighting and rescue work, which reflects the high quality of firefighters in our country. It is suggested that fire departments should continue to strengthen psychological education for firefighters and organize fire drills. 3. This paper expounds the basic techniques and tactics of fire fighting and rescue in high-rise buildings, and points out that reasonable selection of fire extinguishing and rescue attack entrance and attack path is the key of fire fighting and rescue inside attack and rescue, and probes into a kind of pre-plan of fire-fighting and rescue techniques and tactics. According to the typical fire scene, the fire smoke movement was simulated by FDS software, and a reasonable and safe fire extinguishing and rescue route was planned, and the field fire fighting and rescue drill was carried out.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU998.1

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