本文選題：擋土墻　切入點(diǎn)：土拱效應(yīng)　出處：《天津大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：擋土墻是土木建筑、水利水電、鐵道交通等工程建設(shè)中廣泛使用的一種結(jié)構(gòu)物,擋土墻破壞時(shí),不僅影響工程的基礎(chǔ)建設(shè),而且在地震時(shí)還可能引發(fā)次生災(zāi)害,因此在擋土墻設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)需要有比較準(zhǔn)確的土壓力計(jì)算理論作為指導(dǎo)。以往的研究在考慮土拱效應(yīng)后,對(duì)土拱的形狀缺乏應(yīng)力分析,而且僅局限于對(duì)直線(xiàn)滑裂面情況下的土壓力進(jìn)行求解,尤其是在地震作用下,忽略了地震系數(shù)對(duì)側(cè)土壓力系數(shù)的影響。本文以垂直、剛性擋土墻為研究對(duì)象,通過(guò)對(duì)墻后土體的應(yīng)力分析,并且考慮了土拱效應(yīng),對(duì)靜力狀態(tài)下和地震作用下的主動(dòng)土壓力進(jìn)行研究,其中在靜力狀態(tài)下分別對(duì)直線(xiàn)滑裂面和旋輪線(xiàn)滑裂面求解主動(dòng)土壓力。首先考慮土體的拱效應(yīng),通過(guò)對(duì)墻后土體的應(yīng)力分析,得到土拱的形狀,應(yīng)用水平層分析法,推導(dǎo)出擋土墻平移模式下的主動(dòng)土壓力分布、土壓力合力以及合力作用點(diǎn)高度的理論公式,并在此基礎(chǔ)上研究了土體參數(shù)對(duì)土壓力結(jié)果的影響。計(jì)算結(jié)果表明：考慮土拱效應(yīng)后,得到的土壓力合力作用點(diǎn)高度小于不考慮土拱效應(yīng)計(jì)算出的結(jié)果,但始終大于庫(kù)倫理論計(jì)算出的結(jié)果,所以應(yīng)用庫(kù)倫理論設(shè)計(jì)擋土墻偏危險(xiǎn)。然后假設(shè)墻后土體滑裂面為旋輪線(xiàn),首次將土拱原理應(yīng)用到旋輪線(xiàn)滑裂面,其方法可推廣至其他曲線(xiàn)滑裂面,具有重要的理論意義。改進(jìn)了前人應(yīng)用旋輪線(xiàn)滑裂面計(jì)算土壓力的數(shù)學(xué)模型,通過(guò)數(shù)值求解,得到了主動(dòng)土壓力的分布情況,并和采用直線(xiàn)滑裂面計(jì)算出的結(jié)果以及其他方法進(jìn)行比較分析,另外也研究了土體參數(shù)對(duì)滑裂面位置和土壓力結(jié)果的影響。結(jié)果表明：當(dāng)墻土摩擦角與土體內(nèi)摩擦角比值接近1時(shí),計(jì)算出的土壓力合力大于庫(kù)倫理論計(jì)算值,這在實(shí)際工程設(shè)計(jì)中值得注意。在地震情況下基于Mononobe-Okabe理論,考慮土拱效應(yīng),通過(guò)對(duì)墻后土體的應(yīng)力分析推導(dǎo)出地震作用下的土拱形狀的曲線(xiàn)方程,計(jì)算出在不同的地震系數(shù)下的側(cè)土壓力系數(shù)值,應(yīng)用水平層分析法推導(dǎo)出地震主動(dòng)土壓力的強(qiáng)度、土壓力合力以及合力作用點(diǎn)高度的計(jì)算公式,并與M-O理論和現(xiàn)有方法進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,并分析了各個(gè)參數(shù)對(duì)結(jié)果的影響。計(jì)算結(jié)果表明：計(jì)算出的地震土壓力合力與M-O理論相同,但是呈非線(xiàn)性分布,地震土壓力的分布對(duì)水平地震系數(shù)的變化較敏感,當(dāng)?shù)卣鹣禂?shù)較大時(shí),土壓力合力作用點(diǎn)高度遠(yuǎn)大于M-O理論的計(jì)算值,所以若按照M-O理論設(shè)計(jì)擋土墻偏危險(xiǎn)。本論文結(jié)果對(duì)擋土墻的設(shè)計(jì)有指導(dǎo)作用。
[Abstract]:Retaining wall is a kind of structure which is widely used in civil construction, water conservancy and hydropower, railway traffic and so on. When the retaining wall is destroyed, it not only affects the basic construction of the project, but also may cause secondary disasters during earthquake. Therefore, in the design of retaining wall, it is necessary to have more accurate earth pressure calculation theory as the guidance. The previous studies lack of stress analysis on the shape of soil arch after considering the effect of soil arch. Moreover, it is only limited to the solution of earth pressure in the case of linear sliding surface, especially under earthquake, and the influence of seismic coefficient on lateral earth pressure coefficient is ignored. In this paper, vertical and rigid retaining wall is taken as the research object. By analyzing the stress of soil behind the wall and considering the effect of soil arch, the active earth pressure under static and seismic action is studied. In the static state, the active earth pressure is solved for the linear slip surface and the rotating wheel line slip surface respectively. Firstly, considering the arch effect of soil, the shape of the soil arch is obtained through the stress analysis of the soil behind the wall, and the horizontal layer analysis method is used. The distribution of active earth pressure, the force of earth pressure and the height of the working point of the earth retaining wall under the translational mode of retaining wall are derived. On this basis, the influence of soil parameters on the soil pressure results is studied. The calculated results show that the calculated height of the earth pressure joint force is lower than that without the soil arch effect. But it is always larger than that calculated by Coulomb's theory, so it is dangerous to apply Coulomb's theory to design retaining wall. Then, assuming that the slip surface of soil behind the wall is rotary wheel line, the principle of soil arch is applied to the slip surface of rotary wheel line for the first time. The method can be extended to other curvilinear slip surfaces and has important theoretical significance. The mathematical model for calculating earth pressure by using the linear slip surface of rotary wheel is improved, and the distribution of active earth pressure is obtained by numerical solution. The results calculated by using linear slip surface and other methods are compared and analyzed. In addition, the influence of soil parameters on the location of sliding surface and the result of earth pressure is also studied. The results show that when the ratio of friction angle of wall and soil is close to 1:00, the calculated resultant force of earth pressure is greater than the calculated value of Coulomb's theory. This is worthy of attention in practical engineering design. Based on the Mononobe-Okabe theory and considering the soil arch effect, the curve equation of soil arch shape under earthquake action is derived through the stress analysis of soil behind the wall. The lateral earth pressure coefficients under different seismic coefficients are calculated, and the formulas for calculating the strength of the active earth pressure, the resultant force of the earth pressure and the height of the joint action point are derived by using the horizontal layer analysis method. Compared with M-O theory and existing methods, the influence of various parameters on the results is analyzed. The calculated results show that the calculated earth pressure forces are the same as M-O theory, but nonlinear distribution. The distribution of seismic earth pressure is sensitive to the variation of horizontal seismic coefficient. When the seismic coefficient is large, the height of the earth pressure acting point is much higher than the calculated value of M-O theory. So it is dangerous to design retaining wall according to M-O theory. The results of this paper can guide the design of retaining wall.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TU432

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