本文選題：紫外光　切入點：陽離子聚丙烯酰胺　出處：《重慶大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：陽離子聚丙烯酰胺（CPAM）是一種有機高分子絮凝劑，它具有投加量少、絮凝效果好、pH使用范圍廣、低毒性、安全等優(yōu)點，在水處理領域得到了廣泛的應用。論文旨在采用紫外光引發(fā)聚合法，研究和制備出絮凝效果好、分子量高、溶解性好的疏水改性陽離子聚丙烯酰胺絮凝劑。 選用丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化銨（DAC）、丙烯酰胺（AM）和丙烯酸丁酯（BA）三種單體，在引發(fā)劑作用下，紫外光照射聚合得到疏水改性陽離子聚丙烯酰胺高分子絮凝劑�？疾靻误w濃度、AM/DAC單體質(zhì)量比、BA質(zhì)量分數(shù)、十六烷基三甲基溴化銨（CTAB）質(zhì)量分數(shù)、引發(fā)劑濃度、尿素質(zhì)量分數(shù)及光照時間等因素對聚合物分子量的影響，得到了最優(yōu)制備條件。結果表明，在單體濃度30%、AM/DAC單體質(zhì)量比70:30、BA質(zhì)量分數(shù)2%、CTAB質(zhì)量分數(shù)2%、引發(fā)劑濃度3‰、尿素質(zhì)量分數(shù)為2%、光照時間100min條件下，能夠制得分子量為849萬的疏水改性陽離子聚丙烯酰胺。 通過紅外光譜儀對制得產(chǎn)品進行表征分析，證實了聚合物確為單體AM、DAC、BA的三元共聚物疏水改性陽離子聚丙烯酰胺。通過掃描電鏡分析表明，聚合物的表面有良好的表面微觀結構，具有強大的絮凝性能。通過差熱-熱重分析表明聚合物在常溫下的穩(wěn)定性良好。通過核磁共振圖譜分析再次證明了聚合物為三元共聚物疏水改性陽離子聚丙烯酰胺。 將自制產(chǎn)品用于污泥脫水實驗，將絮凝沉淀后的上清液濁度和真空抽濾后濾餅固含量作為衡量自制產(chǎn)品污泥脫水性能的指標。經(jīng)過分別考察自制產(chǎn)品投加量、陽離子度、相對分子量、pH值對污泥脫水性能的影響，結果表明，在投加量為40mg/L，陽離子度為40%，相對分子量為700萬，pH為7時污泥脫水效果最好，上清液濁度為20.8NTU，濾餅固含量為27.8%。與三種同類型絮凝劑進行對比，結果表明：自制產(chǎn)品污泥脫水性能優(yōu)于江蘇產(chǎn)品、浙江產(chǎn)品和日本產(chǎn)品，且與江蘇和浙江產(chǎn)品相比，具投加量少的特點，江蘇和浙江產(chǎn)品最優(yōu)投加量為50mg/L，日本產(chǎn)品的最優(yōu)投加量與自制產(chǎn)品相同。 將自制產(chǎn)品用于含藻廢水實驗，將濁度去除率和葉綠素a去除率作為衡量自制產(chǎn)品除藻效果的指標。當投加量為3mg/L，陽離子度為40%，相對分子量為700萬，pH為8時，，自制產(chǎn)品除藻效果最好，其濁度去除率為94.1%，葉綠素a去除率為99.6%。與不同種類絮凝劑進行除藻效果對比，結果表明：自制產(chǎn)品的除藻效果優(yōu)于CPAM和PAFS，明顯優(yōu)于PAFC，且自制產(chǎn)品和CPAM的最佳投加量比PAFC和PAFS明顯要少，CPAM最佳投加量與自制產(chǎn)品相同，PAFC和PAFS的最佳投加量分別為35mg/L和30mg/L。
[Abstract]:Cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) is a kind of organic polymer flocculant, it has the advantages of less dosage, good flocculation effect, pH used in a wide range, low toxicity, safety and other advantages, has been widely used in the field of water treatment. This paper aims to polymerization initiated by ultraviolet light, produce good flocculation effect research and preparation, molecular high volume, good solubility of the hydrophobic modified cationic polyacrylamide.
The three acryloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DAC), acrylamide (AM) and butyl acrylate (BA) in three kinds of monomers, initiator under UV irradiation polymerization of hydrophobically modified cationic polyacrylamide flocculant. The effects of monomer concentration, monomer mass ratio AM/DAC, the mass fraction of BA, sixteen alkyl three methyl bromide (CTAB) concentration, initiator concentration, urea concentration and influence factors of illumination time on the molecular weight of the polymer, obtained the optimum preparation conditions. The results showed that the monomer concentration was 30% AM/DAC, the monomer mass ratio 70:30, the mass fraction of BA 2%, CTAB 2% mass fraction, cause the concentration of 3 per thousand, urea concentration was 2%, illumination time can be obtained under the condition of 100min, the molecular weight of 8 million 490 thousand hydrophobic modified cationic polyacrylamide.
Through the infrared spectrometer on the prepared products were characterized and confirmed that the polymer monomer AM, DAC, BA three copolymer hydrophobic modified cationic polyacrylamide. Through scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that the polymer surface has good surface microstructure, has strong flocculation performance. Through thermogravimetric analysis showed that the stability of the polymer at room temperature. Through the analysis of NMR spectra of the polymer is three yuan once again proved that the copolymer of hydrophobically modified cationic polyacrylamide.
The self-made products used for sludge dewatering experiment, the supernatant turbidity and vacuum filtration flocculation after filter cake solid content as measured by self-made products of sludge dewatering performance index were investigated. After the homemade product dosage, cationic degree, molecular weight, pH value, the sludge dewatering performance results show that investment in a dosage of 40mg/L, cationic degree is 40%, the molecular weight is 7 million, pH is 7 the best dewatering effect when the supernatant turbidity is 20.8NTU, the cake solids content for comparison, 27.8%. and three kinds of flocculant results show that the product manufactured by the sludge dewatering performance is better than that of Jiangsu products, products of Zhejiang and Japan, and compared with Jiangsu and Zhejiang, with adding less, Jiangsu and Zhejiang are the optimal dosage of 50mg/L, optimum dosage of Japanese products with the same homemade products.
The self-made products for algae containing wastewater, the removal rate of turbidity and chlorophyll a removal rate as the algae removal efficiency measure of homemade products. When the dosage of 3mg/L, cationic degree is 40%, the molecular weight is 7 million, pH is 8, a product manufactured by the algae removal effect is the best, the removal rate of turbidity is 94.1% the removal rate of a, chlorophyll 99.6%. and different kinds of flocculant for algae removal efficiency comparison, results showed that the algae effect is better than that of CPAM and PAFS in addition to homemade products, better than PAFC, and the best homemade products and the dosage of CPAM and PAFS were less than PAFC, the best dosage of CPAM with the same product manufactured by PAFC. And the optimum dosage of PAFS was 35mg/L and 30mg/L. respectively.

【學位授予單位】：重慶大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU991.2

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