發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-04 03:01

  本文選題：交通噪聲　切入點(diǎn)：高層住宅　出處：《太原理工大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著我國(guó)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和城鎮(zhèn)化的推進(jìn),城市聲環(huán)境的現(xiàn)狀每況愈下。交通噪聲對(duì)居民的生活和工作均帶來(lái)了嚴(yán)重影響,臨街高層住宅受到的噪聲干擾更加嚴(yán)重,而且難以控制。臨街高層住宅由于其層數(shù)多、高度大、噪聲聲壓級(jí)高,從技術(shù)上采用傳統(tǒng)的綠化降噪、聲屏障降噪等均不太理想,對(duì)臨街高層住宅的外窗隔聲更是如此。采用目前的通風(fēng)隔聲窗進(jìn)行隔聲處理的時(shí)候,經(jīng)常由于隔聲窗的條件限制,產(chǎn)生了無(wú)法開窗通風(fēng)、通風(fēng)效果不明顯、機(jī)械設(shè)備二次噪聲干擾和造價(jià)過(guò)高等問(wèn)題。本文針對(duì)人居環(huán)境的具體要求和城市規(guī)劃的特點(diǎn),對(duì)隔聲窗的原理、聲屏障的原理、住宅的通風(fēng)要求和窗戶的構(gòu)造原理進(jìn)行深入分析后,選用凸窗類型,對(duì)其頂部進(jìn)行開口進(jìn)行通風(fēng)使用,并選用小型聲屏障進(jìn)行開口處的聲衰減處理。經(jīng)過(guò)理論上的分析計(jì)算和試驗(yàn)室實(shí)驗(yàn),對(duì)各項(xiàng)計(jì)算和測(cè)試的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)與曲線分析后,取得了以下進(jìn)展： (1)結(jié)合我國(guó)城市發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀和人居聲環(huán)境要求,對(duì)城市噪聲類型進(jìn)行分析,總結(jié)了影響臨街高層住宅的兩種主要噪聲聲源類型為點(diǎn)聲源和線聲源,并對(duì)其進(jìn)行分別研究,從而明確了本次研究的具體對(duì)象。 (2)對(duì)隔聲窗的隔聲原理和聲屏障的衍射原理進(jìn)行分析,總結(jié)出其各自的降噪特點(diǎn),對(duì)凸窗頂部開口并附加小型聲屏障的方法進(jìn)行理論分析,得出適合其理論研究的計(jì)算公式,并結(jié)合點(diǎn)聲源和線聲源兩種噪聲類型的特點(diǎn),選擇適合各自特點(diǎn)的計(jì)算公式,從中得出了此類研究的具體方法。 (3)對(duì)頂部開口凸窗進(jìn)行附加小型聲屏障后的理論計(jì)算,并對(duì)計(jì)算結(jié)果進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)和曲線圖分析總結(jié),得出了在不同層高、不同頻率下的噪聲衰減趨勢(shì),并進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,為臨街高層住宅的新型自然通風(fēng)隔聲窗提供了有效性分析和選擇依據(jù)。 (4)對(duì)頂部開口凸窗附加小型聲屏障進(jìn)行消聲試驗(yàn)室實(shí)驗(yàn),通過(guò)對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)的統(tǒng)計(jì)分析與對(duì)比分析,證明了這種隔聲原理能夠完整實(shí)現(xiàn)傳統(tǒng)隔聲窗的隔聲效果。 (5)在證明其隔聲有效性后,結(jié)合窗戶的構(gòu)造原理,對(duì)新型的自然通風(fēng)隔聲窗進(jìn)行構(gòu)造條件分析和限定,總結(jié)了此類窗戶的使用條件和選型原則。同時(shí),通過(guò)住宅自然通風(fēng)的有關(guān)要求進(jìn)行計(jì)算分析,證明了本次研究在實(shí)現(xiàn)其隔聲要求的前提下,也能夠很好解決住宅各個(gè)居室進(jìn)行自然通風(fēng)的需要。 本文的研究具有理論意義和社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)意義,能夠解決目前我國(guó)臨街高層住宅的實(shí)際問(wèn)題,可望推廣到飽受噪聲干擾的各個(gè)大城市的具體建設(shè)中去。
[Abstract]:With the development of our country's social economy and the advancement of urbanization, the present situation of urban sound environment is getting worse and worse. The traffic noise has brought serious influence to the residents' life and work, and the noise interference of the high-rise residential buildings near the street is even more serious. And it is difficult to control. Because of its many storeys, high height and high noise pressure, the traditional greening and noise reduction and noise reduction by noise barrier are not ideal. This is especially true for the outside windows of high-rise residential buildings facing the street. When the current ventilation sound insulation windows are used for sound insulation treatment, often due to the condition of the sound insulation windows, it is impossible to open the windows, and the ventilation effect is not obvious. According to the specific requirements of human settlement environment and the characteristics of urban planning, the principle of sound window, the principle of sound barrier, and the principle of sound barrier are discussed in this paper. After deep analysis of the ventilation requirements and the construction principle of windows, the convex window type is selected for ventilation at the top of the building. The small noise barrier is used to deal with the sound attenuation at the opening. After theoretical analysis and laboratory experiment, the statistical and curve analysis of the data of each calculation and test are carried out, and the following progress is made:. 1) according to the present situation of urban development in China and the requirements of residential sound environment, this paper analyzes the types of urban noise, and summarizes that the two main types of noise sources are point sound source and line sound source, and studies them separately. Thus, the specific object of this study is clarified. (2) the principle of sound insulation and the diffraction principle of sound barrier are analyzed, and their respective characteristics of noise reduction are summarized. The theoretical analysis of the method of the top opening of the convex window and the addition of small noise barrier is carried out, and the calculation formula suitable for its theoretical research is obtained. Combining the characteristics of two kinds of noise types: point sound source and line sound source, the calculation formula suitable for each characteristic is selected, and the concrete method of this kind of research is obtained. (3) the theoretical calculation of the small noise barrier attached to the top opening convex window is carried out, and the results are analyzed and summarized by data statistics and curve analysis, and the trend of noise attenuation at different height and frequency is obtained, and the results are compared and analyzed. It provides an effective analysis and selection basis for the new type of natural ventilation sound insulation window of the high-rise residential building facing the street. (4) the experiment of adding a small noise barrier to the top convex window is carried out. Through the statistical analysis and comparative analysis of the experimental data, it is proved that this sound insulation principle can completely realize the sound insulation effect of the traditional sound insulation window. 5) after proving its sound insulation effectiveness, combined with the principle of window construction, this paper analyzes and limits the construction conditions of the new type of natural ventilation sound insulation window, summarizes the use conditions and selection principles of this kind of window, at the same time, Through the calculation and analysis of the requirements of natural ventilation in residential buildings, it is proved that this study can also solve the needs of natural ventilation in every living room under the premise of meeting the requirements of sound insulation. The research in this paper is of theoretical and social economic significance and can solve the practical problems of high-rise residential buildings on the street in our country at present. It is expected to be extended to the concrete construction of large cities which suffer from noise interference.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TU228;TU112.41

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