本文關(guān)鍵詞： 梁思成 學(xué)術(shù)實(shí)踐 建筑史　出處：《南開大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：梁思成是近代中國(guó)最著名的建筑學(xué)家之一,其學(xué)術(shù)實(shí)踐活動(dòng)涉及建筑史研究、文物建筑保護(hù)、建筑教育、建筑設(shè)計(jì)、城市規(guī)劃、藝術(shù)史研究等多個(gè)領(lǐng)域,亦取得了豐碩的成果,堪稱一代宗師。 1930年代,梁思成以中國(guó)營(yíng)造學(xué)社為學(xué)術(shù)平臺(tái),全身心地投入到學(xué)術(shù)實(shí)踐之中,在開創(chuàng)性的古建筑調(diào)查與研究中,逐漸理清了中國(guó)古代建筑的發(fā)展脈絡(luò),其多項(xiàng)研究成果贏得了國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)術(shù)界的廣泛贊譽(yù)。 新中國(guó)成立前后,梁思成積極參與新政權(quán)創(chuàng)建工作,編制《全國(guó)重要建筑文物簡(jiǎn)目》,審定國(guó)歌、國(guó)旗方案,組織設(shè)計(jì)國(guó)徽,這些活動(dòng)不僅使梁思成得以充分發(fā)揮其學(xué)識(shí)和能力,而且贏得了新政權(quán)的信任。進(jìn)入1950年代之后,梁思成積極參與國(guó)家建設(shè),在北京城市規(guī)劃、文物建筑保護(hù)、探索建筑的民族形式實(shí)現(xiàn)路徑等領(lǐng)域表現(xiàn)出了一名學(xué)者高度的社會(huì)責(zé)任感和前瞻意識(shí),并努力構(gòu)建以“梁陳方案”為中心的北京舊城保護(hù)及未來(lái)發(fā)展范式,但由于其觀點(diǎn)不被新政權(quán)所認(rèn)可,其學(xué)術(shù)思想亦受到質(zhì)疑與批判,學(xué)術(shù)實(shí)踐屢遭挫折,在不斷的自我反省與學(xué)術(shù)批判中逐漸失去學(xué)術(shù)話語(yǔ)權(quán),亦失去學(xué)術(shù)研究的活力和創(chuàng)造力。1955年之后,梁思成基本上再未開展大的創(chuàng)新性的學(xué)術(shù)實(shí)踐。 梁思成一生還創(chuàng)辦了兩個(gè)大學(xué)的建筑系,即東北大學(xué)建筑系和清華大學(xué)建筑系,是近代中國(guó)建筑教育的開拓者,其對(duì)建筑教育的理解和改革,對(duì)中國(guó)建筑人才的培養(yǎng)產(chǎn)生了積極而深遠(yuǎn)的影響。 本文以1928年至1955年期間梁思成的學(xué)術(shù)實(shí)踐為研究對(duì)象,重點(diǎn)討論5個(gè)方面的問(wèn)題：一是梁思成與中國(guó)營(yíng)造學(xué)社研究,研究重點(diǎn)是梁思成與中國(guó)營(yíng)造學(xué)社從傳統(tǒng)到現(xiàn)代的轉(zhuǎn)型的關(guān)系,中國(guó)營(yíng)造學(xué)社轉(zhuǎn)型的過(guò)程及典型做法,梁思成及中國(guó)營(yíng)造學(xué)社在古建筑研究領(lǐng)域取得的成就；二是梁思成與近代中國(guó)的高等建筑教育,研究重點(diǎn)是梁思成早期建筑教育思想,建國(guó)前后梁思成的建筑教育理念變革及實(shí)踐；三是梁思成與新政權(quán)的創(chuàng)建,研究重點(diǎn)是梁思成對(duì)新政權(quán)的選擇及其政治參與意識(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)變,梁思成與新中國(guó)國(guó)歌、國(guó)旗方案的審定和國(guó)徽、人民英雄紀(jì)念碑的設(shè)計(jì)；四是梁思成與新中國(guó)的城市建設(shè)與文物建筑保護(hù),研究重點(diǎn)是梁思成與北京城市規(guī)劃及北京文物建筑保護(hù)；五是梁思成與建國(guó)初期的建筑民族形式問(wèn)題,研究重點(diǎn)是梁思成“大屋頂”建筑理念的轉(zhuǎn)變。
[Abstract]:Liang Sicheng is one of the most famous Chinese modern architecture, architectural history relates to its academic activities, cultural relics protection, architectural education, architectural design, city planning, many areas of art history research, has achieved fruitful results, was the master.
In 1930s, Liang Sicheng to China Building Society for academic platform, devote themselves to academic practice, in pioneering ancient building survey and research, gradually sort out the development of Chinese ancient buildings, the number of research results has won wide acclaim from domestic and foreign academic circles.
Before and after the new Chinese was established, Liang Sicheng actively participate in the new regime to create work, formulate "national important cultural relics building item >, approved the national anthem, flag, national emblem design organization, these activities not only allowed Liang Sicheng to give full play to their knowledge and ability, but also won the trust of the new regime. In 1950s, Liang Sicheng actively participate in national construction. In Beijing city planning, architectural heritage protection, to explore the construction of the national form of the realization of the path of the field shows a scholar of social responsibility and foresight, and strive to build a model of Beijing old city protection and development in the future to Chen Liang plan" as the center, but the view is not recognized by the new regime. The academic thoughts have also been questioned and criticized, the academic practice of repeated setbacks, gradually lose the power of the academic discourse in self reflection and academic criticism constantly, also lose academic research After.1955 years of vitality and creativity, Liang Sicheng did not carry out big innovative academic practice.
In his lifetime, Liang Sicheng also founded two university architecture departments, namely Northeastern University architecture department and Tsinghua University architecture department. He is a pioneer in modern Chinese architecture education. His understanding and reform of architectural education has a positive and profound influence on the training of Chinese architectural talents.
Based on the academic practice of Liang Sicheng during the period from 1928 to 1955 as the research object, focuses on 5 aspects: one is Liang Sicheng and China building society research, research is focused on Liang Sicheng and Chinese building society to the modern transformation of the relationship from the traditional process, society transition and typical practice of China building, Liang Sicheng and China building society made in the research field of ancient architectural achievements; two is the higher education of Liang Sicheng and modern Chinese, focuses on Liang Sicheng's early ideas of architectural education, before and after the founding of Liang Sicheng's concept of Architectural Education Reform and practice; the three is the creation of Liang Sicheng and the new regime, the focus of the study was Liang Sicheng to the new regime choice and the political participation consciousness shift China, Liang Sicheng and the new national anthem, flag program validation and emblem, design the monument to the people's heroes; the four is Liang Sicheng and the new China The key points of urban construction and preservation of cultural relics are Liang Sicheng and Beijing's urban planning, and the preservation of Beijing's cultural relics. Five, the problem of building national form of Liang Sicheng and the early days of the founding of PRC. The focus of the study is the transformation of Liang Sicheng's "big roof" architectural concept.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南開大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TU-092

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