本文關(guān)鍵詞： 徑流系數(shù) 坡度 降雨量 雨峰位置 下墊面　出處：《湖南大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：城市化進(jìn)程的加快，導(dǎo)致城市硬化路面的比例逐年增加，再加上近年來(lái)極端天氣頻發(fā)，城市內(nèi)澇的情況時(shí)常發(fā)生。徑流系數(shù)是雨水管網(wǎng)設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)使用的重要參數(shù)。而我國(guó)目前使用的設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范中的徑流系數(shù)，是按下墊面種類(lèi)取的經(jīng)驗(yàn)值。其值未考慮下墊面的坡度、各地的實(shí)際地理環(huán)境情況，取值與實(shí)際存在一定的偏差。因此，有必要結(jié)合當(dāng)?shù)氐膶?shí)際情況，研究坡度、土壤等因素對(duì)雨水徑流系數(shù)的影響。 本文分析了長(zhǎng)沙市的降雨特點(diǎn)，確定了試驗(yàn)中模擬降雨的各項(xiàng)參數(shù)。選擇長(zhǎng)沙市的典型土壤紅壤作為綠地的土壤下墊面，以3°、7°、13°為下墊面坡度，鋪磚路面（不透水磚）、混凝土路面等容易造成城市內(nèi)澇的路面材質(zhì)作為下墊面種類(lèi)。共進(jìn)行了46場(chǎng)模擬降雨試驗(yàn)，據(jù)此分析了降雨量、坡度、降雨雨峰的位置、下墊面材料這四個(gè)因素對(duì)雨水徑流系數(shù)的影響。 徑流系數(shù)與降雨量呈線性關(guān)系，其值隨著降雨量的增加而增加。降雨量越大，徑流產(chǎn)生的時(shí)間越短，兩者呈指數(shù)關(guān)系。 坡度越大，開(kāi)始產(chǎn)生徑流所需的時(shí)間越短，兩者亦呈指數(shù)關(guān)系。徑流系數(shù)與坡度大致呈線性關(guān)系，其隨坡度的增加而增加。 暴雨、大暴雨、特大暴雨的初始產(chǎn)流時(shí)間均在降雨峰值到來(lái)之前，因此，峰值位置對(duì)三種雨型的初始產(chǎn)流時(shí)間沒(méi)有影響。只有大雨的前峰型的產(chǎn)流時(shí)間小于中峰型，中峰型略小于后峰型。降雨峰值出現(xiàn)的時(shí)間越晚，徑流系數(shù)越大。 不透水磚、混凝土路面的降雨產(chǎn)流量比較大，土壤入滲量較小，因此土壤前期含水率對(duì)不透水路面的徑流系數(shù)影響不大。不透水磚路面的徑流系數(shù)比混凝土路面的略小。
[Abstract]:The acceleration of urbanization has led to an increase in the proportion of hardened roads in cities year by year, coupled with the frequent occurrence of extreme weather in recent years. Urban waterlogging often occurs. Runoff coefficient is an important parameter used in the design of rainwater pipe network. However, the runoff coefficient in the design code currently used in our country is the empirical value taken according to the type of underlying surface, and its value does not take into account the slope of the underlying surface. Therefore, it is necessary to study the influence of slope, soil and other factors on Rain Water's runoff coefficient. In this paper, the characteristics of rainfall in Changsha City are analyzed, and the parameters of simulating rainfall in the experiment are determined. The typical soil red soil of Changsha City is chosen as the soil underlying surface of green land, and the slope of the underlying surface is 3 擄~ 7 擄~ (13 擄). The pavement material of paving brick pavement (impermeable brick, concrete pavement, etc.), which is liable to cause urban waterlogging, is used as a kind of underlying surface. A total of 46 simulated rainfall experiments were carried out, according to which the rainfall, slope and location of rainfall peak were analyzed. The influence of these four factors on Rain Water runoff coefficient. The runoff coefficient is linearly related to rainfall, and its value increases with the increase of rainfall, and the longer the rainfall is, the shorter the time of runoff is, and the relationship between them is exponential. The larger the slope is, the shorter the time required to produce runoff is, and the relationship between runoff coefficient and slope is linear, which increases with the increase of slope. The initial runoff generation time of heavy rain, heavy rain and heavy rainstorm is before the peak value of rainfall, so the peak position has no effect on the initial runoff generation time of the three types of rain, only the time of runoff generation of the former peak type of heavy rain is smaller than that of the middle peak type. The mid-peak type is slightly smaller than the post-peak type, and the later the rainfall peak occurs, the larger the runoff coefficient is. The runoff coefficient of impermeable concrete pavement is slightly smaller than that of concrete pavement.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TU992.02

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