本文關鍵詞： 透水性鋪裝系統(tǒng) 實驗研究 數值模擬 熱島效應 城市熱環(huán)境　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：城市作為人口與經濟發(fā)展的載體，隨著21世紀人口和經濟的快速增長，城市的規(guī)模和數量也在飛速激增。在這一過程中，城市化的發(fā)展導致了嚴重的城市熱氣候問題，帶來諸如地表溫度明顯增高，與熱有關的疾病發(fā)病率和死亡率增加，城市極端天氣頻出，增加城市能源消耗等一系列問題。因此對城市熱環(huán)境問題的研究是關乎到人居環(huán)境、能源消耗、人身安全等一系列問題的關鍵。在現(xiàn)階段城市中主要應用的不透水性鋪裝系統(tǒng)與城市高溫化和熱島效應的形成有著強烈相關關系，由于其不透水性，在降雨時會使得城市徑流增加，引發(fā)洪澇災害。同時由于其無法將雨水下滲至地下，會損害城市水平衡，破壞城市生態(tài)環(huán)境。在酷熱的夏天，其不透水性使得下墊面表面溫度急劇升高，加劇了城市熱島效應的形成。 由于現(xiàn)階段的不透水性鋪裝系統(tǒng)對城市熱環(huán)境帶來的惡劣影響，迫切的需要一種能有效緩解熱島強度、改善城市熱環(huán)境的下墊面，而透水性鋪裝系統(tǒng)則具有減少城市地表徑流、創(chuàng)造良好交通環(huán)境、吸聲降噪改善城市聲環(huán)境及緩解城市熱島強度的作用。國內外目前針對透水鋪裝系統(tǒng)改善城市熱濕氣候的研究較少，本文在實驗研究的基礎上，結合數值模擬，針對透水性鋪裝系統(tǒng)與城市熱濕氣候的相互作用進行研究，主要包括以下幾部分內容： 1．通過在室外進行的透水性鋪裝系統(tǒng)試樣實驗的研究方案，在室外真實氣象條件下通過取部分試樣對其進行內部和外部的完整測試，從而得到透水性鋪裝系統(tǒng)的溫度、水分變化的數據，分析透水性鋪裝系統(tǒng)與城市局地熱濕氣候相互作用的影響，并為下一步數值模擬的驗證提供比照數據。 2．在質量守恒和能量守恒原理的基礎上，考慮到系統(tǒng)內部由于水分的傳輸和蒸發(fā)對系統(tǒng)能量平衡的影響，建立起透水性鋪裝系統(tǒng)與大氣熱濕交換的水熱耦合模型。最后在建立的耦合水熱模型基礎上，編程開發(fā)出相應的計算模塊，與第2章的實驗結果進行比對分析，并對計算模塊進行驗證。 3．將已建立的透水性鋪裝系統(tǒng)與大氣熱濕交換的水熱耦合計算模型作為一個子模塊植入城市區(qū)域微氣候與熱平衡動態(tài)預測模型中，并應用植入后新的城市區(qū)域微氣候與熱平衡動態(tài)預測模型對夏熱冬暖地區(qū)某實際住區(qū)的實際項目進行熱濕環(huán)境的模擬分析，得到透水性鋪裝系統(tǒng)對局地熱濕氣候的調節(jié)作用。 主要結果及結論及如下： 1．通過試樣實驗研究得到：在自然降雨條件下，透水性鋪裝系統(tǒng)內部碎石深層及土壤層隨著自然降雨的不斷持續(xù)，其含水率不斷的增長，系統(tǒng)內部各層的溫度自頂向下依次增大。在不同人工降雨條件下，降雨強度越大，雨水在系統(tǒng)內的入滲速度也越大，降雨后透水性鋪裝系統(tǒng)內部各層的溫度波動越小。 2．通過將數值模擬結果與實測結果對比分析可知：該模型在溫度和含水率的變化趨勢及數值大小上均能夠與實際結果保持一致，能夠滿足本課題研究的需要。 3．對比透水與不透水性鋪裝系統(tǒng)在實際小區(qū)的數值模擬可知：室外大氣溫度降低，室外含濕量升高，，對應下墊面的溫度也降低，整體室外舒適性增加，人體熱感覺良好；透水下墊面覆蓋率的增加，室外溫度逐漸降低，室外含濕量逐漸增加；對不同下墊面的組合對比分析得出，選擇不同功用的下墊面類型進行設計和調整，可以達到緩解城市熱島，改善城市熱氣候的目的。
[Abstract]:As a carrier of population and economic development , the city ' s scale and quantity are exploding rapidly with the rapid increase of population and economy in the 21st century . In this process , the development of urbanization leads to a series of problems such as increased surface temperature , increased incidence of urban runoff and energy consumption . This paper studies the interaction between permeable pavement system and urban hot - humid climate on the basis of experimental research , and mainly includes the following parts : 1 . Through the research of the sample experiment of the water - permeable pavement system outdoors , the whole test of the internal and external parts of the water - permeable pavement system is carried out by taking part of the sample under the conditions of outdoor real weather , so as to obtain the data of the temperature and moisture change of the water - permeable pavement system , and analyze the influence of the water - permeable pavement system and the urban bureau geothermal wet climate interaction , and provide the comparison data for the verification of the next numerical simulation . 2 . Based on the principle of mass conservation and energy conservation , considering the effect of water transmission and evaporation on energy balance in the system , a water - thermal coupling model of water - permeable pavement system and atmospheric hot - wet exchange is established . Finally , based on the established coupled hydrothermal model , a corresponding calculation module is developed , compared with the experimental results in chapter 2 , and the calculation module is verified . 3 . The water - thermal coupling calculation model of the established water - permeable pavement system and the atmospheric hot - wet exchange is used as a sub - module to be implanted into the urban regional micro - climate and thermal equilibrium dynamic prediction model , and the simulation analysis of the hot - wet environment of the real project in the summer - hot winter warm area is carried out by using the new urban regional micro - climate and thermal equilibrium dynamic prediction model after implantation , and the adjustment effect of the water - permeable pavement system on the local hot - humid climate is obtained . The main results and conclusions are as follows : 1 . Through the experimental study of samples : under the condition of natural rainfall , the deep and soil layers inside the permeable pavement system gradually increase with the increasing of natural rainfall , the water content of each layer in the system increases successively , and the higher the rainfall intensity , the greater the infiltration speed of the rainwater in the system , the smaller the temperature fluctuation of each layer in the water - permeable pavement system after rainfall . 2 . By comparing the numerical simulation results with the measured results , it can be concluded that the model can be consistent with the actual results in terms of temperature and moisture content , and can meet the needs of the research of the subject . 3 . Comparing the numerical simulation of the water - permeable and non - permeable pavement system in the actual cell , the outdoor air temperature is reduced , the outdoor moisture content is increased , the temperature of the corresponding lower cushion surface is also reduced , the overall outdoor comfort is increased , the temperature of the outdoor humidity is good , the outdoor temperature is gradually decreased , the outdoor moisture content is gradually increased , and the combination comparison analysis of different underlying surfaces results in that the design and adjustment of the lower cushion surface type with different functions can be selected , so that the purpose of relieving the urban heat island and improving the urban heat climate can be achieved .

【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU119

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