本文關(guān)鍵詞： 透水性鋪裝系統(tǒng) 實(shí)驗(yàn)研究 數(shù)值模擬 熱島效應(yīng) 城市熱環(huán)境　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：城市作為人口與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的載體，隨著21世紀(jì)人口和經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速增長(zhǎng)，城市的規(guī)模和數(shù)量也在飛速激增。在這一過(guò)程中，城市化的發(fā)展導(dǎo)致了嚴(yán)重的城市熱氣候問(wèn)題，帶來(lái)諸如地表溫度明顯增高，與熱有關(guān)的疾病發(fā)病率和死亡率增加，城市極端天氣頻出，增加城市能源消耗等一系列問(wèn)題。因此對(duì)城市熱環(huán)境問(wèn)題的研究是關(guān)乎到人居環(huán)境、能源消耗、人身安全等一系列問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵。在現(xiàn)階段城市中主要應(yīng)用的不透水性鋪裝系統(tǒng)與城市高溫化和熱島效應(yīng)的形成有著強(qiáng)烈相關(guān)關(guān)系，由于其不透水性，在降雨時(shí)會(huì)使得城市徑流增加，引發(fā)洪澇災(zāi)害。同時(shí)由于其無(wú)法將雨水下滲至地下，會(huì)損害城市水平衡，破壞城市生態(tài)環(huán)境。在酷熱的夏天，其不透水性使得下墊面表面溫度急劇升高，加劇了城市熱島效應(yīng)的形成。 由于現(xiàn)階段的不透水性鋪裝系統(tǒng)對(duì)城市熱環(huán)境帶來(lái)的惡劣影響，迫切的需要一種能有效緩解熱島強(qiáng)度、改善城市熱環(huán)境的下墊面，而透水性鋪裝系統(tǒng)則具有減少城市地表徑流、創(chuàng)造良好交通環(huán)境、吸聲降噪改善城市聲環(huán)境及緩解城市熱島強(qiáng)度的作用。國(guó)內(nèi)外目前針對(duì)透水鋪裝系統(tǒng)改善城市熱濕氣候的研究較少，本文在實(shí)驗(yàn)研究的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合數(shù)值模擬，針對(duì)透水性鋪裝系統(tǒng)與城市熱濕氣候的相互作用進(jìn)行研究，主要包括以下幾部分內(nèi)容： 1．通過(guò)在室外進(jìn)行的透水性鋪裝系統(tǒng)試樣實(shí)驗(yàn)的研究方案，在室外真實(shí)氣象條件下通過(guò)取部分試樣對(duì)其進(jìn)行內(nèi)部和外部的完整測(cè)試，從而得到透水性鋪裝系統(tǒng)的溫度、水分變化的數(shù)據(jù)，分析透水性鋪裝系統(tǒng)與城市局地?zé)釢駳夂蛳嗷プ饔玫挠绊懀橄乱徊綌?shù)值模擬的驗(yàn)證提供比照數(shù)據(jù)。 2．在質(zhì)量守恒和能量守恒原理的基礎(chǔ)上，考慮到系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部由于水分的傳輸和蒸發(fā)對(duì)系統(tǒng)能量平衡的影響，建立起透水性鋪裝系統(tǒng)與大氣熱濕交換的水熱耦合模型。最后在建立的耦合水熱模型基礎(chǔ)上，編程開(kāi)發(fā)出相應(yīng)的計(jì)算模塊，與第2章的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行比對(duì)分析，并對(duì)計(jì)算模塊進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。 3．將已建立的透水性鋪裝系統(tǒng)與大氣熱濕交換的水熱耦合計(jì)算模型作為一個(gè)子模塊植入城市區(qū)域微氣候與熱平衡動(dòng)態(tài)預(yù)測(cè)模型中，并應(yīng)用植入后新的城市區(qū)域微氣候與熱平衡動(dòng)態(tài)預(yù)測(cè)模型對(duì)夏熱冬暖地區(qū)某實(shí)際住區(qū)的實(shí)際項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行熱濕環(huán)境的模擬分析，得到透水性鋪裝系統(tǒng)對(duì)局地?zé)釢駳夂虻恼{(diào)節(jié)作用。 主要結(jié)果及結(jié)論及如下： 1．通過(guò)試樣實(shí)驗(yàn)研究得到：在自然降雨條件下，透水性鋪裝系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部碎石深層及土壤層隨著自然降雨的不斷持續(xù)，其含水率不斷的增長(zhǎng)，系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部各層的溫度自頂向下依次增大。在不同人工降雨條件下，降雨強(qiáng)度越大，雨水在系統(tǒng)內(nèi)的入滲速度也越大，降雨后透水性鋪裝系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部各層的溫度波動(dòng)越小。 2．通過(guò)將數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果與實(shí)測(cè)結(jié)果對(duì)比分析可知：該模型在溫度和含水率的變化趨勢(shì)及數(shù)值大小上均能夠與實(shí)際結(jié)果保持一致，能夠滿足本課題研究的需要。 3．對(duì)比透水與不透水性鋪裝系統(tǒng)在實(shí)際小區(qū)的數(shù)值模擬可知：室外大氣溫度降低，室外含濕量升高，，對(duì)應(yīng)下墊面的溫度也降低，整體室外舒適性增加，人體熱感覺(jué)良好；透水下墊面覆蓋率的增加，室外溫度逐漸降低，室外含濕量逐漸增加；對(duì)不同下墊面的組合對(duì)比分析得出，選擇不同功用的下墊面類型進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)和調(diào)整，可以達(dá)到緩解城市熱島，改善城市熱氣候的目的。
[Abstract]:As a carrier of population and economic development , the city ' s scale and quantity are exploding rapidly with the rapid increase of population and economy in the 21st century . In this process , the development of urbanization leads to a series of problems such as increased surface temperature , increased incidence of urban runoff and energy consumption . This paper studies the interaction between permeable pavement system and urban hot - humid climate on the basis of experimental research , and mainly includes the following parts : 1 . Through the research of the sample experiment of the water - permeable pavement system outdoors , the whole test of the internal and external parts of the water - permeable pavement system is carried out by taking part of the sample under the conditions of outdoor real weather , so as to obtain the data of the temperature and moisture change of the water - permeable pavement system , and analyze the influence of the water - permeable pavement system and the urban bureau geothermal wet climate interaction , and provide the comparison data for the verification of the next numerical simulation . 2 . Based on the principle of mass conservation and energy conservation , considering the effect of water transmission and evaporation on energy balance in the system , a water - thermal coupling model of water - permeable pavement system and atmospheric hot - wet exchange is established . Finally , based on the established coupled hydrothermal model , a corresponding calculation module is developed , compared with the experimental results in chapter 2 , and the calculation module is verified . 3 . The water - thermal coupling calculation model of the established water - permeable pavement system and the atmospheric hot - wet exchange is used as a sub - module to be implanted into the urban regional micro - climate and thermal equilibrium dynamic prediction model , and the simulation analysis of the hot - wet environment of the real project in the summer - hot winter warm area is carried out by using the new urban regional micro - climate and thermal equilibrium dynamic prediction model after implantation , and the adjustment effect of the water - permeable pavement system on the local hot - humid climate is obtained . The main results and conclusions are as follows : 1 . Through the experimental study of samples : under the condition of natural rainfall , the deep and soil layers inside the permeable pavement system gradually increase with the increasing of natural rainfall , the water content of each layer in the system increases successively , and the higher the rainfall intensity , the greater the infiltration speed of the rainwater in the system , the smaller the temperature fluctuation of each layer in the water - permeable pavement system after rainfall . 2 . By comparing the numerical simulation results with the measured results , it can be concluded that the model can be consistent with the actual results in terms of temperature and moisture content , and can meet the needs of the research of the subject . 3 . Comparing the numerical simulation of the water - permeable and non - permeable pavement system in the actual cell , the outdoor air temperature is reduced , the outdoor moisture content is increased , the temperature of the corresponding lower cushion surface is also reduced , the overall outdoor comfort is increased , the temperature of the outdoor humidity is good , the outdoor temperature is gradually decreased , the outdoor moisture content is gradually increased , and the combination comparison analysis of different underlying surfaces results in that the design and adjustment of the lower cushion surface type with different functions can be selected , so that the purpose of relieving the urban heat island and improving the urban heat climate can be achieved .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TU119

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