本文關(guān)鍵詞： 堿激發(fā) 粉煤灰 強(qiáng)化增韌 苯丙乳液 高溫　出處：《西安建筑科技大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：作為一種可實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)固體廢棄物高附加值資源化利用的新型綠色建筑材料，地質(zhì)聚合物是當(dāng)前材料領(lǐng)域研究的熱點(diǎn)課題之一；本文在粉煤灰基地質(zhì)聚合物研究現(xiàn)狀的基礎(chǔ)上，針對(duì)其抗壓強(qiáng)度較低及韌性差的缺陷，開(kāi)展了新型激發(fā)劑、礦物摻合料、苯丙乳液、多種纖維等對(duì)其進(jìn)行強(qiáng)化增韌研究；考察了粉煤灰基地質(zhì)聚合物的耐久性能，并采用現(xiàn)代分析方法對(duì)其礦物相、微觀結(jié)構(gòu)及形貌特征等進(jìn)行了表征。探索了不同離子在堿激發(fā)粉煤灰基地質(zhì)聚合形成過(guò)程中的作用機(jī)理，成功地制備出了耐候性優(yōu)良的苯丙乳液增韌改性的粉煤灰基地質(zhì)聚合物，以及耐高溫性優(yōu)良的纖維強(qiáng)化增韌的粉煤灰基地質(zhì)聚合物，主要的研究?jī)?nèi)容及取得的結(jié)果如下： (1)考察了單一激發(fā)劑LiOH、KOH、NaOH、Na2SiO3、Na2CO3及K2CO3對(duì)堿激發(fā)粉煤灰基地質(zhì)聚合物力學(xué)性能的影響，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)激發(fā)劑的活性從小到大的順序?yàn)椋篕2CO3Na2CO3LiOHKOHNaOHNa2SiO3。在二元復(fù)合激發(fā)劑中發(fā)現(xiàn)Na2SiO3+KOH的激發(fā)活性最高，所制備的試件經(jīng)85℃養(yǎng)護(hù)9h后，其3d抗壓強(qiáng)度為54.08MPa，表明Na+和K+具有協(xié)同效應(yīng)：Na+較強(qiáng)的水化能力易于形成Si(OH)4單體，K+可加速Si(OH)4和Al(OH)4-四面體之間的縮聚和重組，形成更多的Q44結(jié)構(gòu)單元，微觀結(jié)構(gòu)更加密實(shí)。 (2)以硅灰為硅源，氫氧化鋁為鋁源，配制不同Si/Al摩爾比的地質(zhì)聚合物，考察了氫氧化鋁在不同煅燒溫度中形成的礦物相對(duì)地質(zhì)聚合物力學(xué)性能的影響，結(jié)果表明勃姆石與-Al2O3的水化活性均低于水鋁石的水化活性。 (3)硅灰和礦渣均能有效地對(duì)堿激發(fā)粉煤灰地質(zhì)聚合物進(jìn)行強(qiáng)化增韌，當(dāng)硅灰摻量為10wt%時(shí)，可形成數(shù)量更多的活性Si(OH)4，表現(xiàn)為試件小孔(20nm)體積百分?jǐn)?shù)增加，抗壓強(qiáng)度增大，但抗凍融性能降低。當(dāng)?shù)V渣摻量為30wt%時(shí)，試件28d的抗壓強(qiáng)度為77.5MPa，礦渣中解聚的玻璃體與粉煤灰中的Si(OH)4，首先形成溶膠，隨后納米溶膠轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橄嗷ゴ罱拥臉?shù)枝狀凝膠體，最終發(fā)展成結(jié)構(gòu)致密的地質(zhì)聚合物凝膠。提出了以“孔徑彎曲度”衡量試件的力學(xué)性能，試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明孔徑彎曲度越大，力學(xué)性能越高。 (4)建立了苯丙乳液強(qiáng)化增韌粉煤灰基地質(zhì)聚合物的新方法，當(dāng)摻入1wt%的苯丙乳液，其28d的抗壓強(qiáng)度為42.11MPa，抗折強(qiáng)度為6.30MPa，較不摻乳液樣品分別提高了62%和115%。提出了苯丙乳液的增韌機(jī)理：苯丙乳液可以適量降低反應(yīng)體系的Zeta電位而加速地質(zhì)聚合反應(yīng)進(jìn)程；還可以與硅氧四面體或鋁氧四面體上的羥基通過(guò)縮聚反應(yīng)形成互穿的網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)；部分苯丙乳液與地質(zhì)聚合物材料中的水分子結(jié)合，具有保水作用，可維持連續(xù)的水化反應(yīng)，從而增強(qiáng)其力學(xué)性能。 (5)探討了玄武巖纖維、有機(jī)纖維、蛋白纖維和陶瓷纖維在礦渣/粉煤灰地質(zhì)聚合物中的增韌效果，發(fā)現(xiàn)玄武巖纖維的增韌效果最佳，樣品28d的抗折強(qiáng)度達(dá)到5.9MPa，較不摻纖維樣品（3.2MPa）提高了84.3%。提出了玄武巖纖維的增韌機(jī)理：在堿性環(huán)境中它們可以反應(yīng)形成新的無(wú)機(jī)硅酸鹽凝膠；三軸壓縮試驗(yàn)(Mechanical Test System，MTS)的應(yīng)力-應(yīng)變結(jié)果表明玄武巖纖維可提高鋼渣/礦渣/粉煤灰(2:2:6)地質(zhì)聚合物膠砂的最大彎曲應(yīng)力應(yīng)變；所制備地質(zhì)聚合物混凝土3d的抗壓強(qiáng)度超過(guò)30MPa，28d的抗壓強(qiáng)度達(dá)到65.3MPa。 (6)耐高溫實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明在150-1200℃熱處理過(guò)程中，礦渣/粉煤灰地質(zhì)聚合物的抗壓強(qiáng)度隨溫度的上升而增大，但當(dāng)溫度超過(guò)500℃，由于莫來(lái)石、石英等轉(zhuǎn)化為鈣鋁黃長(zhǎng)石和拉長(zhǎng)石，，致使其微觀結(jié)構(gòu)呈現(xiàn)大量的孔洞，力學(xué)性能降低�；跓釕�(yīng)力理論分析，在高溫(900℃)環(huán)境中，玄武巖纖維可提高材料的熱應(yīng)力斷裂抵抗因子而提高其熱穩(wěn)定性。 (7)考查了苯丙乳液/粉煤灰基地質(zhì)聚合物的耐候性能(36個(gè)月)，發(fā)現(xiàn)其在空氣中隨著齡期的延長(zhǎng)不易風(fēng)化，且會(huì)持續(xù)發(fā)生反應(yīng)，致使其力學(xué)性能提高。
[Abstract]:As a kind of industrial solid waste with high added value of new green building materials recycling, geopolymer is one of hot research topics in the field of materials; based on the research status of ash basedgeopolymeric powder on the defects of the low compressive strength and poor toughness, carry out a new mineral activator. The admixture, styrene acrylic emulsion, a variety of fiber on the strengthening and toughening research; durability of fly ash based geopolymer was investigated, and the use of modern analytical methods of mineral phases, microstructure and morphology characteristics were investigated. Different ions in alkali activated fly ash based geopolymer formation mechanism the study, prepared by fly ash basedgeopolymeric modified styrene acrylic emulsion toughened with excellent weatherability, high temperature resistance and excellent fiber toughening powder The main research content and results of ash base polymer are as follows:
(1) the effect of the single agent LiOH, KOH, NaOH, Na2SiO3, Na2CO3 and K2CO3 influence on the property of alkali activated fly ash basedgeopolymeric mechanics, found that the activity of activator from small to large order: stimulating activity of K2CO3Na2CO3LiOHKOHNaOHNa2SiO3. found Na2SiO3+KOH in two yuan compound activator in the highest prepared specimen by 85 C Maintenance after the 9h, the 3D compressive strength of 54.08MPa, indicating that Na+ and K+ have synergistic effect: Na+ strong hydration ability to form Si (OH) 4 monomer, K+ can accelerate Si (OH) 4 and Al (OH) and recombinant 4- polycondensation between tetrahedra, forming Q44 structure more. The micro structure is more dense.
(2) with silica as silicon source, aluminum hydroxide as aluminum source, geological polymer with different Si/Al molar ratios, the effects of aluminum hydroxide formed at different calcination temperature of minerals in the mechanical properties of geopolymer, results show that the hydration activity of hydration activity of boehmite and -Al2O3 were lower in diaspore.
(3) silica fume and slag are effective on Alkali Activated Fly Ash Geopolymer strengthening and toughening, when silica fume was 10wt%, can form a more active Si number (OH) 4, as the specimen hole (20nm) volume fraction increased, compressive strength increased, but decreased when the freeze-thaw resistance. The slag content was 30wt%, compressive strength of 28d is 77.5MPa, and the fly ash slag depolymerization in the vitreous body in the Si (OH) 4, first formed sol, then nano sol into overlapping dendritic gel, eventually develop into the dense structure of geological polymer gel presented to the "aperture. Bending" to measure the mechanical properties of the specimen. The experimental results show that the greater the degree of aperture bending, mechanical performance is higher.
(4) established a new method of emulsion toughening geopolymer based on fly ash, when the Styrene Acrylic Emulsion Doped with 1wt%, the 28d compressive strength is 42.11MPa, flexural strength is 6.30MPa, respectively, less sample mixed emulsion increased by 62% and 115%. proposed toughened styrene acrylic emulsion machine: benzene acrylic emulsion can amount to reduce the Zeta potential of the reaction system and accelerate the geopolymerization process; also with silicon oxygen tetrahedron or tetrahedral on hydroxyl by polycondensation reaction to form interpenetrating network structure; water molecules emulsion and geological polymer materials in combination with water retention, can maintain continuous hydration reaction thus, enhance its mechanical properties.
(5) of basalt fiber, organic fiber, protein and ceramic fibers in the toughening effect of slag / Fly Ash Geopolymer of basalt fiber toughening effect best, sample 28d and flexural strength reached 5.9MPa, less fiber samples (3.2MPa) improves the proposed toughening mechanism of basalt fiber: 84.3%. in alkaline environment they can react to form a new inorganic silicate gel; three axial compression test (Mechanical Test, System, MTS) the stress-strain results show that basalt fiber can improve the slag / slag / fly ash (2: 2:6) geopolymer mortar maximum bending stress and strain; the compressive strength of geopolymer preparation concrete 3D exceeds 30MPa, the compressive strength of 28d reached 65.3MPa.
(6) the experimental results show that the high temperature at 150-1200 DEG C during heat treatment, the compressive strength of slag / Fly Ash Geopolymer with temperature increased, but when the temperature exceeds 500 degrees, due to mullite and quartz into gehlenite and Labradorite, the microstructure presents large holes. The mechanical properties decreased. The thermal stress based on the theoretical analysis, in the high temperature (900 DEG C) in the environment, the basalt fiber can improve material thermal stress fracture resistance factor and improve its thermal stability.
(7) the weatherability of styrene acrylic emulsion / Fly Ash Based Geopolymer has been examined for 36 months. It is found that it is not easy to weathering in the air with the extension of age, and it will continue to react, resulting in the improvement of its mechanical properties.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TU52

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 孫道勝;王愛(ài)國(guó);胡普華;;地質(zhì)聚合物的研究與應(yīng)用發(fā)展前景[J];材料導(dǎo)報(bào);2009年07期

2 沙建芳,孫偉,張?jiān)粕?地聚合物-粉煤灰復(fù)合材料的制備及力學(xué)性能[J];粉煤灰;2004年02期

3 井巍;劉劍虹;林楓;;粉煤灰地質(zhì)聚合物的制備研究[J];高師理科學(xué)刊;2006年04期

4 李賀香;馬鴻文;;高鋁粉煤灰中莫來(lái)石及硅酸鹽玻璃相的熱分解過(guò)程[J];硅酸鹽通報(bào);2006年04期

5 鄭娟榮;姚振亞;劉麗娜;;堿激發(fā)膠凝材料化學(xué)收縮或膨脹的試驗(yàn)研究[J];硅酸鹽通報(bào);2009年01期

6 王e

本文編號(hào)：1506510