本文關(guān)鍵詞： 正鏟挖掘機(jī) 挖掘裝載裝置 D-H法 水平推鏟 水平提升 尺寸設(shè)計(jì)和優(yōu)化 挖掘圖譜 負(fù)載力圖譜　出處：《燕山大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，我國(guó)大型水利水電工程、礦山開(kāi)采、港口建設(shè)和市政基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)項(xiàng)目逐年增加，同時(shí)投入力度不斷加大，對(duì)大型的挖掘鏟裝設(shè)備的需求也不斷增多，液壓正鏟挖掘機(jī)由于其具有承載能力大，作業(yè)效率高等優(yōu)點(diǎn)越來(lái)越受到用戶的青睞。正鏟挖掘機(jī)的工作裝置是完成挖掘動(dòng)作的主要部分，然而，國(guó)內(nèi)對(duì)于正鏟挖掘機(jī)工作裝置的研究和設(shè)計(jì)方法的資料較少，并受國(guó)外知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的壟斷，構(gòu)型單一。鑒于此，本文從機(jī)構(gòu)創(chuàng)新的角度，提出了一種適合于正鏟挖掘機(jī)的新型多連桿多環(huán)路機(jī)構(gòu)，并對(duì)該機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了較為全面的設(shè)計(jì)和分析評(píng)價(jià)工作。 本文按照機(jī)構(gòu)選型——數(shù)學(xué)建�！叽绱_定——?jiǎng)恿ζヅ洹阅芊治龅牧鞒踢M(jìn)行研究。應(yīng)用“平面12桿3自由度拓?fù)鋱D圖譜庫(kù)”對(duì)正鏟挖掘機(jī)機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了綜合，并根據(jù)正鏟挖掘機(jī)的運(yùn)動(dòng)和工作特性建立了若干條篩選原則，得到了一種合適的構(gòu)型，對(duì)所選機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)的分析和建模，得到了機(jī)構(gòu)的位置解和速度解。 介紹了不同斗容下正鏟挖掘機(jī)工作裝置主尺寸的設(shè)計(jì)方法，總結(jié)現(xiàn)有資料提供的設(shè)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)，并據(jù)此確定了斗容為50m3正鏟挖掘機(jī)主尺寸。根據(jù)正鏟挖掘機(jī)的工作特點(diǎn)，以鏟斗的水平提升和水平推鏟過(guò)程中穩(wěn)定性最佳為優(yōu)化目標(biāo)，，應(yīng)用MATLAB遺傳算法工具箱對(duì)挖掘機(jī)其他構(gòu)件尺寸和鉸點(diǎn)布置位置進(jìn)行了尺寸優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)。另外也優(yōu)化了液壓缸鉸點(diǎn)位置，最終得到挖掘機(jī)工作裝置的所有的尺寸。 通過(guò)分析正鏟挖掘機(jī)的工作方式，并結(jié)合挖掘限制力的概念，對(duì)新機(jī)構(gòu)正鏟挖掘機(jī)進(jìn)行了力學(xué)建模，并重新定義了新機(jī)構(gòu)挖掘機(jī)挖掘圖譜的概念，并基于此提出了負(fù)載力圖譜的概念。根據(jù)耦合機(jī)構(gòu)的運(yùn)動(dòng)特征和負(fù)載力圖譜對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)的新機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了液壓缸的匹配，得到了三組液壓缸的長(zhǎng)度、缸徑等參數(shù)。最后對(duì)所設(shè)計(jì)的新機(jī)構(gòu)正鏟挖掘機(jī)進(jìn)行了性能分析，并與現(xiàn)有構(gòu)型對(duì)比，證明其所具有運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)和力學(xué)上優(yōu)點(diǎn)。
[Abstract]:With the development of national economy, large-scale water conservancy and hydropower projects, mining, port construction and municipal infrastructure construction projects are increasing year by year, and the investment is increasing, and the demand for large-scale excavating and shovel equipment is also increasing. The hydraulic shovel excavator is more and more popular among users because of its advantages of large load capacity and high working efficiency. The working device of the forward shovel excavator is the main part of the excavating action, however, The domestic research and design method of the working device of the shovel excavator is less, and it is monopolized by foreign intellectual property rights. In view of this, from the point of view of institutional innovation, this paper focuses on the research and design of the working device of the shovel excavator. In this paper, a new type of multi-link multi-loop mechanism suitable for forward shovel excavator is proposed, and the design, analysis and evaluation of the mechanism are carried out. In this paper, according to the process of mechanism selection, mathematical modeling, size determination, dynamic matching and performance analysis, the mechanism of forward shovel excavator is synthesized by using "plane 12 bar 3 degrees of freedom topological map library". According to the motion and working characteristics of the shovel excavator, several screening principles are established, and a suitable configuration is obtained. The kinematics analysis and modeling of the selected mechanism are carried out, and the position and velocity solutions of the mechanism are obtained. This paper introduces the design method of the main dimension of the working device of the forward shovel excavator under different bucket capacities, summarizes the design data provided by the existing data, and determines the main dimension of the forward shovel excavator with a bucket capacity of 50 m3. According to the working characteristics of the forward shovel excavator, In order to optimize the stability of the bucket in the process of horizontal lifting and horizontal shovel, The MATLAB genetic algorithm toolbox is used to optimize the dimensions of other excavator components and the location of hinge points. In addition, the location of hydraulic cylinder hinges is optimized, and all the dimensions of the excavator's working device are obtained. By analyzing the working mode of the backhoe excavator and combining the concept of the excavating limiting force, the mechanical modeling of the new mechanism forward excavator is carried out, and the concept of the excavating atlas of the new mechanism excavator is redefined. Based on this, the concept of load force map is put forward. According to the motion characteristics of coupling mechanism and load force map, the new mechanism is matched and the length of three groups of cylinders is obtained. Finally, the performance of the new mechanism forward shovel excavator is analyzed, and compared with the existing configuration, it is proved that it has the advantages of kinematics and mechanics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：燕山大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TU621

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