本文關鍵詞： 超濾 膜污染 模型污染物 腐殖酸 海藻酸鈉 牛血清白蛋白　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：水資源短缺與污染是我們所面臨的最大威脅，尤其是水體污染問題，是現(xiàn)今需要我們亟待解決的最迫切的問題，因污染物種類的增多及消毒副產(chǎn)物的難去除，又飲用水水質標準的提高，在此背景下，超濾膜法水處理技術脫穎而出，但是超濾膜污染的存在阻礙著超濾技術的推廣。在前人的研究基礎上，以腐殖酸（HA）、海藻酸鈉（SA）、牛血清白蛋白（BSA）為模型物質，，模擬原水中的腐殖質類、多糖類、蛋白質類污染物對超濾膜污染的影響，僅從污染物角度出發(fā)，不考慮原水中顆粒物、濁度、金屬離子等影響，考察濃度及溶液化學條件變化對超濾膜通量下降、污染可逆性及污染阻力的影響，并且研究上述物質混合后對超濾膜污染的影響。本實驗以實驗室平板超濾膜裝置進行系統(tǒng)的研究。 利用超濾膜系統(tǒng)進行單種污染物的實驗，系統(tǒng)考察了HA、SA、BSA經(jīng)超濾膜后的截留率、濃度及溶液化學條件變化對超濾膜通量下降的影響并且分析引起污染的可逆性及對污染阻力的影響。實驗結果表明：HA、SA、BSA經(jīng)過超濾后均有較高的截留率；濃度的增大可以加重HA、SA、BSA對超濾膜的污染，濃度的增大使污染物在膜表面形成較厚的濾餅層以及使膜孔內部吸附的污染物增多；HA、BSA主要引起不可逆污染，SA主要引起可逆污染；溶液pH值的增大以及Ca2+濃度的增大可使HA、SA、BSA引起的超濾膜污染減弱；Na+濃度的升高使HA、BSA引起超濾膜污染減弱切并使SA引起的膜污染增大。 利用超濾系統(tǒng)研究多種污染物共存時對超濾膜的污染情況。結果表明： HA與SA混合后對超濾膜的污染介于二者單獨存在時對超濾膜的污染，即高于HA單獨存在時的污染，低于SA單獨存在時對超濾膜的污染；有HA的存在二者混合后不可逆污染增大。HA與BSA混合減輕了對超濾膜的污染；SA與BSA混合隨著周期增加污染減輕； HA、SA、BSA三者混合后能夠減輕對超濾膜的污染，有SA存在時可逆污染所占比例增大。 本論文系統(tǒng)的研究了HA、SA、BSA對超濾膜的污染以及上述物質對超濾膜的復合污染行為，對超濾水處理技術的廣泛推廣及膜污染研究領域具有一定的指導意義。
[Abstract]:The shortage and pollution of water resources is the biggest threat to us, especially the water pollution, which is the most urgent problem to be solved now, because of the increase of the kinds of pollutants and the difficult removal of disinfection by-products. The improvement of drinking water quality standards, under this background, UF membrane water treatment technology stands out, but the existence of UF membrane fouling hinders the promotion of UF technology. The effects of humus, polysaccharides and proteins in raw water on ultrafiltration membrane fouling were simulated with humic acid, sodium alginate and bovine serum albumin (BSA) as model material. The effects of concentration and solution chemical conditions on the flux, reversibility and resistance of ultrafiltration membrane were investigated only from the point of view of pollutants, without considering the effects of particulate matter, turbidity and metal ions in raw water. The effects of the above mentioned materials on the ultrafiltration membrane fouling were studied. The retention rate of HASAA BSA by ultrafiltration membrane was studied by using the ultrafiltration membrane system in the experiment of a single pollutant. The effects of concentration and solution chemical conditions on the flux of ultrafiltration membrane were analyzed and the reversibility of fouling and the influence on fouling resistance were analyzed. The retention rate of BSA was higher after ultrafiltration. The increase of concentration can aggravate the pollution of ultrafiltration membrane caused by BSA, and the increase of concentration can result in the formation of a thick filter cake layer on the membrane surface and the increase of pollutants adsorbed inside the membrane pore. BSA mainly caused irreversible pollution and SA mainly caused reversible pollution. The increase of pH value and the concentration of Ca2 can weaken the ultrafiltration membrane fouling. The increase of Na concentration resulted in the reduction of ultrafiltration membrane fouling induced by HABSA and the increase of SA-induced membrane fouling. The ultrafiltration system was used to study the pollution of ultrafiltration membrane when several pollutants existed. The results showed that the pollution of HA and SA on the ultrafiltration membrane was lower than that on the ultrafiltration membrane when the HA and SA existed alone. That is, it is higher than the pollution of HA alone and lower than that of SA alone. When HA and HA were mixed, the irreversible pollution increased. The mixture of HA and BSA alleviated the pollution of ultrafiltration membrane. The mixing of SA and BSA decreased with the increase of cycle. The mixture of BSA and HA can reduce the pollution of ultrafiltration membrane, and the proportion of reversible pollution in the presence of SA increases. In this paper, the fouling of ultrafiltration membrane and the compound pollution behavior of these substances to ultrafiltration membrane were studied systematically. It has certain guiding significance for the extensive popularization of ultrafiltration water treatment technology and the research field of membrane fouling.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU991.2

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