本文關(guān)鍵詞： 超高層建筑 渦激共振 渦激振動 風(fēng)洞試驗 多自由度氣彈模型 氣動外形　出處：《武漢大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著超高層建筑高度的大幅增加,其低頻、輕質(zhì)、小阻尼的結(jié)構(gòu)特性越來越突出,在強風(fēng)作用下發(fā)生渦激共振的危險性越來越大。由于超高結(jié)構(gòu)的渦激共振是一種大幅度、高強度的近似簡諧振動,在抗風(fēng)設(shè)計時必須考慮其發(fā)生的可能性和發(fā)生后的危險性。但目前結(jié)構(gòu)風(fēng)工程界對各種體型的超高層建筑發(fā)生渦激共振的危險性和危害性還認識不足,相關(guān)的研究不夠全面、深入。本文針對600m以上的超高層建筑,通過風(fēng)洞試驗和理論分析系統(tǒng)地研究典型超高層建筑在各種風(fēng)場中和各種風(fēng)向角下渦激共振鎖定的激發(fā)機制和發(fā)生概率,研究其共振鎖定發(fā)生后的響應(yīng)水平。同時研究超高層建筑體型及偏心對渦激共振鎖定的發(fā)生和響應(yīng)幅值的影響,并進一步研究局部氣動措施對渦激共振的控制效果。具體說來,本文進行了以下幾方面的工作： 1.對比分析了單自由度和多白由度氣彈模型渦振響應(yīng)和氣彈參數(shù)的差異,指出了差異的根本原因,提出了多自由度氣彈模型改進設(shè)計方法,在此基礎(chǔ)上,設(shè)計制作了3個方截面、2個長方形截面、1個三角形、1個六邊形、1個實際擬建高樓等多自由度模型和部分相應(yīng)單自由度模型,通過風(fēng)洞試驗,測得了各模型在不同的Sc數(shù)、氣動外形、偏心率、風(fēng)場粗糙度下的渦振響應(yīng)位移(或加速度)和表面風(fēng)壓。 2.識別分析了各模型的氣動阻尼和氣動剛度參數(shù)。構(gòu)建了氣動阻尼與結(jié)構(gòu)阻尼比、結(jié)構(gòu)高寬比及斯科拉頓數(shù)的關(guān)系,建立了考慮多因素的氣動阻尼比的改進經(jīng)驗評估公式；分析了氣動剛度的變化規(guī)律,建立了考慮氣動剛度和峰值參數(shù)的渦振響應(yīng)改進評估模型。 3.通過同步的測壓與測響應(yīng)MDOF模型試驗,從頻率改變量和流固相位關(guān)系的角度,給出了渦振響應(yīng)位移時程不穩(wěn)定的根本原因,解釋了長期以來風(fēng)工程界早就覺察但一直無法給出原因的現(xiàn)象。在此基礎(chǔ)上,通過對渦振時各種氣彈參數(shù)的分析,提出了基于極值峰因子和頻率改變量聯(lián)合決定的共振發(fā)生概率評估模型,劃分了共振、似共振和不共振的界限,可以用其計算得到不同條件下共振與不共振發(fā)生的概率。 4.分析了既有實際高層建筑的體型特點,并從氣動外形方面對其進行了分類。通過一系列氣動外形優(yōu)化的氣彈模型試驗,分析了幾種典型氣動外形的改變對渦振響應(yīng)的影響,并結(jié)合一擬建實際828m高樓的多自由度模型風(fēng)洞試驗結(jié)果,評價了復(fù)雜氣動外形下氣彈效應(yīng)對實際建筑渦振響應(yīng)的影響。
[Abstract]:With the increase of the height of super high-rise buildings, the structural characteristics of low frequency, light weight and small damping become more and more prominent. The risk of vortex-induced resonance under the action of strong wind is more and more serious, because the vortex-induced resonance of ultra-high structure is a kind of approximate harmonic vibration with large amplitude and high intensity. In the design of wind resistance, the possibility of occurrence and the risk after occurrence must be considered. However, at present, the danger and harmfulness of vortex-induced resonance of super-tall buildings of various shapes are not well understood in the field of structural wind engineering. The related research is not comprehensive and in-depth. This paper is aimed at the super high-rise buildings above 600m. Through wind tunnel test and theoretical analysis, the excitation mechanism and occurrence probability of Vortex resonance locking of typical super-tall buildings in various wind fields and various wind direction angles are systematically studied. At the same time, the effect of the shape and eccentricity of super-tall building on the occurrence and response amplitude of the vortex-induced resonance locking is studied. Furthermore, the control effect of local aerodynamic measures on vortex-induced resonance is further studied. Specifically, the following work has been done in this paper: 1. The differences of vortex vibration response and Aeroelastic parameters between the single degree of freedom model and the multiple degree of freedom model are analyzed, and the root cause of the difference is pointed out. The improved design method of the multi-degree of freedom Aeroelastic model is put forward. Three square cross-sections, two rectangular sections, one triangle, one hexagonal, one practical high-building multi-degree of freedom model and some corresponding single-degree of freedom model are designed and manufactured, and the wind tunnel test is carried out. The vortex-vibration response displacement (or acceleration) and surface wind pressure were measured under different SC numbers, aerodynamic profile, eccentricity, wind field roughness. 2. The aerodynamic damping and aerodynamic stiffness parameters of each model are identified and analyzed. The relationship between aerodynamic damping and structural damping ratio, ratio of height to width of structure and Scoreton number is established. An improved empirical evaluation formula for aerodynamic damping ratio considering multiple factors is established. The variation law of aerodynamic stiffness is analyzed and an improved evaluation model of vortex-vibration response considering aerodynamic stiffness and peak parameters is established. 3. Through the simultaneous MDOF model test of pressure measurement and measurement response, the fundamental cause of the instability of vortex vibration response displacement time history is given from the angle of the relationship between the frequency change and the fluid-solid potential. This paper explains the phenomenon that wind engineering has been aware of for a long time but has not been able to give the cause. On this basis, the analysis of various Aeroelastic parameters during vortex vibration is carried out. A probability evaluation model of resonance based on the combination of extreme peak factor and frequency change is proposed, and the boundaries of resonance, quasi-resonance and non-resonance are divided. It can be used to calculate the probability of resonance and non-resonance under different conditions. 4. The physical characteristics of the existing high-rise buildings are analyzed and classified from the aspect of aerodynamic shape. A series of aero-elastic model tests of aerodynamic shape optimization are carried out. The influence of several typical aerodynamic shapes on the response of vortex vibration is analyzed, and the wind tunnel test results of a proposed 828m tall building with multi-degree of freedom model are combined. The effect of Aeroelastic effect on the vortex-vibration response of buildings with complex aerodynamic profiles is evaluated.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU973.213

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