本文關(guān)鍵詞：某市政工程成本控制方法與實證研究　出處：《華南理工大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 市政工程 成本控制 項目成本 掙值法 價值工程

【摘要】：隨著國民經(jīng)濟的快速發(fā)展，我國城鎮(zhèn)化進程也不斷加快，廣州市政府大量進行市政工程等大型基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的建設(shè)。當(dāng)前我國建筑企業(yè)在市政工程項目成本管理和控制方面，存在成本意識薄弱、制度不健全、缺乏可操作性的控制方法、管理水平不高等問題，造成成本支出較大，資源浪費，整體效益偏低的現(xiàn)象。如何有效地控制市政項目工程造價、控制工程項目成本，成為人們關(guān)注的重點。本文針對市政工程項目成本管理過程中存在的問題進行分析和探討，提出相應(yīng)的建議和對策。 市政工程與其他工程相比有其自身的特點：投資主體一般是政府或政府占主導(dǎo)地位，屬于民生和政績工程；項目處在人口密集，交通壓力大的城區(qū)，施工場地狹窄和里程較長；協(xié)調(diào)關(guān)系較多，涉及征地拆遷、管線遷改等問題；包含工程項目較多，如道路、橋梁、交通、照明、綠化、管道、給排水工程等。 研究表明，構(gòu)成市政工程項目成本主要有材料費、人工費、機械使用費、管理費、措施費等直接成本和間接成本。本文就開發(fā)大道與志誠大道立交工程項目成本實證研究，利用偏差分析法、ABC分類法、因素分析法及價值工程等方法對工程成本可以進行管理和控制。該工程施工中出現(xiàn)的問題主要包括：人員窩工、機械閑置，材料浪費，管理成本增加等現(xiàn)狀。本工程計劃成本為7097.73萬元，針對以上問題采取了具體的措施和建議，包括通過項目成本責(zé)任制、限額領(lǐng)料制度、分包制度和權(quán)、責(zé)、利相結(jié)合制度等，實際成本為6548.91萬元，實現(xiàn)項目實際成本少于計劃成本的效果，節(jié)約工程項目成本7.7%。如何有效地控制這些成本，成為本文論證的重點。項目全過程成本階段包括投資決策、設(shè)計、招投標(biāo)、施工、竣工階段，項目實施最重要的成本控制應(yīng)在施工階段，選擇最有效的控制方法，，實現(xiàn)項目成本控制目的。 本文最終探討工程項目質(zhì)量、工期、成本之間的關(guān)系，在保證質(zhì)量的前提下確定降低成本的合理工期，這為建筑業(yè)企業(yè)的成本控制規(guī)范化、科學(xué)化、制度化提供較好的理論依據(jù)和控制方法。因此，本文對政府進行項目投資和施工企業(yè)進行工程項目成本控制具有一定借鑒和參考意義。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the national economy, China's urbanization process is also accelerating. Guangzhou government has carried out a large number of municipal engineering and other large-scale infrastructure construction. At present, our construction enterprises in the municipal project cost management and control, there is a weak sense of cost, the system is not perfect. Lack of operational control methods, management level is not high, resulting in large cost expenditure, waste of resources, low overall efficiency. How to effectively control the municipal project cost. To control the cost of engineering projects has become the focus of attention. This paper analyzes and discusses the problems existing in the process of cost management of municipal engineering projects and puts forward corresponding suggestions and countermeasures. Compared with other projects, municipal projects have their own characteristics: the main investment is generally the government or the government occupies the leading position, belonging to the people's livelihood and performance projects; The project is located in the urban area where the population is dense and the traffic pressure is high, the construction site is narrow and mileage is long; There are many coordination relations, involving land requisition and removal, pipeline relocation and other issues; Include more projects, such as roads, bridges, traffic, lighting, greening, plumbing, water supply and drainage projects. The research shows that the cost of municipal engineering project mainly includes material cost, labor fee, machine usage fee and management fee. Direct cost and indirect cost, etc. In this paper, the ABC classification method is used to analyze the project cost of development road and Zhicheng Boulevard interchange project. Factors analysis and value engineering methods can be used to manage and control the cost of the project. The main problems in the construction of the project include: workers, idle machinery, waste of materials. The plan cost of the project is seventy million nine hundred and seventy-seven thousand and three hundred yuan. To solve the above problems, concrete measures and suggestions have been taken, including the project cost responsibility system and the quota material collection system. The actual cost of the subcontract system and the system of combination of right, responsibility and benefit is sixty-five million four hundred and eighty-nine thousand and one hundred yuan, which realizes the effect that the actual cost of the project is less than the planned cost. How to effectively control these costs has become the focus of this paper. The whole cost stage of the project includes investment decision, design, bidding, construction, completion stage. The most important cost control of project implementation should be in the construction stage, select the most effective control method to achieve the purpose of project cost control. This paper finally discusses the relationship among the quality, duration and cost of the project, and determines the reasonable time limit to reduce the cost under the premise of ensuring the quality, which is standardized and scientific for the cost control of the construction enterprises. Institutionalization provides a good theoretical basis and control method. Therefore, this paper has some reference significance for government to carry out project investment and construction enterprise to carry out project cost control.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU99;TU723.3

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本文編號：1415589