本文關(guān)鍵詞：辦公建筑室內(nèi)可燃物燃燒特性實(shí)驗(yàn)及火災(zāi)危險(xiǎn)性分析　出處：《中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 辦公建筑 燃燒特性 火災(zāi)實(shí)驗(yàn) 火災(zāi)危險(xiǎn)性 數(shù)值模擬

【摘要】：近年來(lái)，隨著新技術(shù)、新材料的工業(yè)化發(fā)展，辦公建筑內(nèi)可燃物的種類(lèi)和數(shù)量在不斷地增加。各種電氣設(shè)施、高檔家具和裝修也給辦公建筑帶來(lái)了潛在的火災(zāi)隱患，辦公建筑火災(zāi)事故時(shí)有發(fā)生。本文在對(duì)辦公建筑內(nèi)火災(zāi)荷載統(tǒng)計(jì)的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)辦公建筑內(nèi)可燃物燃燒特性進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)分析并對(duì)辦公建筑開(kāi)展了全尺寸火災(zāi)研究，并用數(shù)值模擬方法研究了辦公建筑的火災(zāi)危險(xiǎn)性。 通過(guò)辦公建筑內(nèi)火災(zāi)荷載的統(tǒng)計(jì)，得到辦公建筑的火災(zāi)荷載密度服從正偏態(tài)分布，火災(zāi)荷載密度的加權(quán)平均值為453.76MJ/m2。 通過(guò)熱值實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)得辦公建筑常用材料的熱值。通過(guò)熱重分析，得到各個(gè)材料熱解時(shí)的溫度、最大失重速率、最大失重速率對(duì)應(yīng)的溫度及熱解終態(tài)時(shí)的溫度，并獲得了材料熱解過(guò)程中的吸熱峰和放熱峰的個(gè)數(shù)。實(shí)驗(yàn)研究了變熱流條件下白松、紅櫸、油松、泡桐四種木材的輻射引燃特性及煙氣毒性，研究表明，輻射引燃過(guò)程中四種木材的質(zhì)量損失速率呈現(xiàn)三個(gè)階段：緩慢減少階段、急劇減少階段和相對(duì)穩(wěn)定階段。質(zhì)量急劇減少階段各種材料的質(zhì)量呈明顯的線性遞減變化。材料燃燒時(shí)的表面溫度變化、CO2含量變化與O2濃度的變化存在類(lèi)似反比的關(guān)系；而質(zhì)量損失速率與煙氣中CO2濃度的變化趨勢(shì)相似。 通過(guò)辦公建筑室內(nèi)全尺寸火災(zāi)實(shí)驗(yàn)得到辦公建筑在著火后9min發(fā)生轟燃，，室內(nèi)溫度最高達(dá)1155℃；室內(nèi)煙氣在著火后273s充滿(mǎn)整個(gè)房間，走廊內(nèi)煙氣在486s時(shí)沉降到距地面2m；室外走廊內(nèi)溫度峰值與距著火房間門(mén)口水平距離呈線性相關(guān)性，走廊和室內(nèi)煙氣層溫度增長(zhǎng)速率的最大值分別為25.63℃/s和20.21℃/s；走廊上距著火房間5m，高度1m處的煙氣輻射強(qiáng)度為1.79kW/m2。 基于辦公建筑內(nèi)可燃物燃燒特性實(shí)驗(yàn)及小型辦公建筑全尺寸火災(zāi)實(shí)驗(yàn)，對(duì)小型辦公建筑進(jìn)行了數(shù)值模擬。模擬分析了辦公建筑室內(nèi)及走廊煙氣溫度、煙氣能見(jiàn)度、CO濃度等火場(chǎng)危險(xiǎn)性指標(biāo)。模擬發(fā)現(xiàn)，二層著火房間危險(xiǎn)來(lái)臨時(shí)間為279s，二層走廊的危險(xiǎn)來(lái)臨時(shí)間為498s；辦公建筑室內(nèi)火災(zāi)的最大熱釋放速率與通過(guò)全尺寸實(shí)體實(shí)驗(yàn)得到的最大熱釋放速率基本符合。模擬結(jié)果表明FDS可以較為準(zhǔn)確地預(yù)測(cè)辦公建筑的火災(zāi)危險(xiǎn)性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with new technology, industrialization and development of new materials, type and quantity of combustible materials in office buildings are increasing. The various electrical facilities, high-grade furniture and decoration also brings potential fire hazards to the office building, office building fire accidents have occurred. This paper based on the statistics of the office building fire load in the experiment, analysis on the combustion characteristics of combustible materials in office buildings and office buildings to carry out the research of full-scale fire, fire hazard and research office buildings by numerical simulation method.
Through statistics of fire load in office buildings, the fire load density of office buildings is positively skewed. The weighted average of fire load density is 453.76MJ/m2..
The calorific value measured calorific value of office building materials. Through thermogravimetric analysis, each material pyrolysis temperature, pyrolysis temperature and the maximum weight loss rate, corresponding to the maximum weight loss rate of the final state of the temperature, and the endothermic peak during the pyrolysis of the material with the heat release peak number were experimentally investigated. Variable heat flux under the condition of white pine, red beech, pine, Paulownia radiation of four kinds of wood ignition characteristics and smoke toxicity, studies show that radiation ignited four kinds of wood in the process of mass loss rate has three stages: slow decrease stage, sharply reduced stage and relatively stable stage. The quality of sharp reduction of various materials was quality stage obviously linearly. The surface temperature of the combustion of materials changes between similar inverse changes with the concentration of O2 CO2 content; and the change of CO2 concentration in flue gas rate and mass loss trend The potential is similar.
The office building indoor full-scale fire experiments in 9min office building after the fire flashover, the indoor temperature up to 1155 DEG C; after fire 273s indoor smoke filled the room, the corridor smoke settlement from the ground to 2m in 486s; the peak temperature inside and outside the corridor from the fire room door and there is a linear correlation between the horizontal distance the maximum value, corridor and indoor smoke layer temperature increase rate is 25.63 DEG /s and 20.21 DEG /s respectively; the corridor from the fire room 5m, flue gas radiation intensity of the height of 1m is 1.79kW/m2.
Characteristic experiment and office building full-scale fire test burning combustibles in office buildings based on small office building was simulated. Simulation analysis of the office building indoor corridor and the temperature of the smoke, smoke fire visibility, the risk indicators of CO concentration. The simulation, two layers of fire room danger time 279s, dangerous the two corridor coming time is 498s; the maximum heat release rate of the office building indoor fire and get through the maximum heat release rate of the full-scale experimental line. The simulation results show that FDS can accurately predict the fire hazard of office building.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TU502;TU998.1

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