本文關(guān)鍵詞：高層隔震結(jié)構(gòu)地震響應(yīng)及損傷評(píng)估研究　出處：《上海大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 高層隔震結(jié)構(gòu) 地震強(qiáng)度指標(biāo) 能量平衡 能量譜 單純質(zhì)點(diǎn)法 擺動(dòng)效應(yīng) 損傷 長(zhǎng)周期地震動(dòng) 等效線性碰撞剛度模型 滯回耗能

【摘要】：隨著城市化進(jìn)程的加速，我國(guó)高層建筑結(jié)構(gòu)的建造數(shù)量日益增加。但1999年集集地震和2010年智利地震中高層建筑結(jié)構(gòu)遭受嚴(yán)重破壞的震害表明，其抗震性能正面臨嚴(yán)峻考驗(yàn)。自我國(guó)發(fā)生汶川地震及雅安地震后，為了防止地震作用對(duì)高層建筑結(jié)構(gòu)造成嚴(yán)重?fù)p傷破壞，通過(guò)在高層建筑結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)中設(shè)置隔震層的高層隔震技術(shù)應(yīng)用得到迅速發(fā)展。研究高層隔震結(jié)構(gòu)在強(qiáng)震中的地震響應(yīng)及損傷機(jī)理具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。由于地震動(dòng)的不確定性，如何采用合理有效的地震強(qiáng)度來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)高層隔震結(jié)構(gòu)的性能狀態(tài)，并對(duì)高層隔震結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行地震響應(yīng)預(yù)測(cè)及損傷性能評(píng)估等問(wèn)題，已成為高層隔震結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)際工程應(yīng)用和技術(shù)發(fā)展的障礙。針對(duì)以上問(wèn)題，考慮到地震動(dòng)的復(fù)雜性和高層建筑結(jié)構(gòu)的振動(dòng)特性，提出高層隔震結(jié)構(gòu)的有效地震強(qiáng)度指標(biāo)、地震響應(yīng)預(yù)測(cè)理論及地震碰撞損傷性能評(píng)價(jià)方法。 主要研究工作和成果如下： (1)采用動(dòng)力彈塑性時(shí)程方法對(duì)高層隔震結(jié)構(gòu)等效單自由度簡(jiǎn)化模型和三維空間模型進(jìn)行6類地震強(qiáng)度指標(biāo)相關(guān)性效果比較研究。6類指標(biāo)包括地震波加速度峰值(PGA)、地震波速度峰值(PGV)、地震波位移峰值(PGD)、地震波速度和加速度峰值之比(PGV/PGA)、加速度譜(S a(T1))和等效速度譜(VE (T1))。工程需求參數(shù)包含上部結(jié)構(gòu)層間變形、頂層加速度和隔震層位移響應(yīng)。通過(guò)構(gòu)造有效的地震指標(biāo)矩陣作為高層隔震結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)力彈塑性分析的地震波樣本屬性表征，并基于模糊聚類算法對(duì)地震波樣本進(jìn)行分類。結(jié)合模糊聚類算法和有效地震強(qiáng)度指標(biāo)提出了高層隔震結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)力彈塑性時(shí)程分析地震記錄選擇方法。 (2)采用44條遠(yuǎn)場(chǎng)地震波和20條近場(chǎng)脈沖型地震波作為輸入，，對(duì)雙線性單自由度(SDOF)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行非線性時(shí)程分析、總輸入能量譜分析及滯回耗能譜分析�；诘妊有詼�(zhǔn)則建立了適用于長(zhǎng)周期彈塑性結(jié)構(gòu)的滯回耗能譜模型。該模型基于一個(gè)新的參數(shù)-特征滯回耗能系數(shù)來(lái)反映滯回耗能與總能量的比值、屈服力系數(shù)及延性系數(shù)之間的關(guān)系。基于能量譜模型及能量平衡原理提出了非彈性單自由度(SDOF)系統(tǒng)的位移預(yù)測(cè)方法。比較了秋山宏能量平衡式、Leelataviwat能量平衡式及提出的平衡式的計(jì)算精度，驗(yàn)證了提出的模型及方法的有效性。結(jié)合能量譜模型及多模態(tài)推覆分解理論(MPA法)提出了高層隔震結(jié)構(gòu)多模態(tài)能量譜法�；谀芰康刃г硇拚烁邔痈粽鸾Y(jié)構(gòu)二階振型能力曲線翻轉(zhuǎn)問(wèn)題。將提出的能量譜模型應(yīng)用到某12層高層隔震結(jié)構(gòu)算例中。 (3)針對(duì)高層隔震結(jié)構(gòu)的雙質(zhì)點(diǎn)簡(jiǎn)化模型提出了可快速計(jì)算其地震響應(yīng)的單純質(zhì)點(diǎn)包絡(luò)分析方法，該方法基于基底剪力及能量等效原則來(lái)建立簡(jiǎn)化兩質(zhì)點(diǎn)分析模型與原結(jié)構(gòu)模型之間的轉(zhuǎn)換關(guān)系及簡(jiǎn)化模型的參數(shù)取值，推導(dǎo)得到了確定地震反應(yīng)的兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵參數(shù)：剛度轉(zhuǎn)換系數(shù)和質(zhì)量比�；谀芰科胶夥椒ㄌ岢隽烁邔痈粽鸾Y(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)化分析模型包絡(luò)反應(yīng)的計(jì)算式，并利用能量平衡原理及模型參數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換關(guān)系來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)原高層隔震結(jié)構(gòu)的各層地震反應(yīng)包絡(luò)值。對(duì)22層高層隔震結(jié)構(gòu)工程實(shí)例首先進(jìn)行了雙質(zhì)點(diǎn)模型的轉(zhuǎn)化，其后驗(yàn)證了單純質(zhì)點(diǎn)法的有效性和分析精度。將該方法拓展至考慮隔震層擺動(dòng)的高層隔震體系中，建立了考慮擺動(dòng)效應(yīng)的高層隔震結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)化分析模型，提出了隔震層的轉(zhuǎn)角預(yù)測(cè)公式，并采用簡(jiǎn)化方法對(duì)隔震支座的豎向受力進(jìn)行了預(yù)測(cè)。基于高寬比為2.5和5.0的隔震結(jié)構(gòu)模型振動(dòng)臺(tái)試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了提出的地震響應(yīng)預(yù)測(cè)公式的準(zhǔn)確性和適用性。 (4)對(duì)108個(gè)隔震支座破損試驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行了調(diào)查統(tǒng)計(jì)，分析了支座的極限剪切應(yīng)變、形狀系數(shù)與支座直徑之間的關(guān)系。采用60條近斷層脈沖型地震(脈沖周期為0.69~5.9s)計(jì)算了簡(jiǎn)化單質(zhì)點(diǎn)隔震模型及簡(jiǎn)化兩自由度隔震模型的損傷數(shù)值，考察了支座屈服力系數(shù)(2.8%、5%、10%、15%)、硬化位移(150%、200%、250%、300%)對(duì)支座損傷的影響，以及上部結(jié)構(gòu)不同屈服力對(duì)主體結(jié)構(gòu)損傷數(shù)值影響。基于混凝土彈塑性損傷本構(gòu)和鋼材延性損傷本構(gòu)建立了15層鋼框架-核心筒高層隔震結(jié)構(gòu)精細(xì)有限元模型，并采用顯示動(dòng)力有限元方法分析了常規(guī)地震波作用和近斷層脈沖地震作用下高層隔震結(jié)構(gòu)的核心筒、樓板及鋼框架動(dòng)力彈塑性損傷演化及屈服應(yīng)力情況。基于材料層次、樓層層次及整體結(jié)構(gòu)三個(gè)層次的損傷情況提出了高層隔震結(jié)構(gòu)的損傷性能評(píng)估方法，采用該方法對(duì)所建立的高層隔震結(jié)構(gòu)數(shù)值模型的地震損傷指標(biāo)進(jìn)行了計(jì)算，該方法可以作為同類型結(jié)構(gòu)損傷性能評(píng)估及性能化設(shè)計(jì)的參考。 (5)針對(duì)現(xiàn)有等效線性碰撞剛度取值缺乏理論指導(dǎo)的問(wèn)題，基于Hertz-damp模型結(jié)構(gòu)碰撞系統(tǒng)和Kevin模型結(jié)構(gòu)碰撞系統(tǒng)的碰撞過(guò)程中能量耗散、最大碰撞壓縮變形相等的原則推導(dǎo)了Kevin模型等效線性碰撞剛度的計(jì)算公式，通過(guò)數(shù)值分析、落球碰撞試驗(yàn)及結(jié)構(gòu)振動(dòng)臺(tái)試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了所建議剛度模型的合理性和精確度。選擇了兩組長(zhǎng)周期地震波研究了近斷層及遠(yuǎn)源長(zhǎng)周期地震作用下隔震結(jié)構(gòu)長(zhǎng)周期位移譜的阻尼系數(shù)。比較了我國(guó)、日本、歐洲、美國(guó)等國(guó)家抗震規(guī)范阻尼系數(shù)的變化規(guī)律。研究表明，我國(guó)抗震規(guī)范在計(jì)算周期小于6s的結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)的所計(jì)算的阻尼系數(shù)偏保守，日本、歐洲及美國(guó)國(guó)家規(guī)范在計(jì)算近斷層長(zhǎng)周期地震對(duì)應(yīng)的阻尼系數(shù)均偏小�；诤�(jiǎn)化的兩自由度模型和22層高層框架剪力墻結(jié)構(gòu)模型研究了長(zhǎng)周期地震動(dòng)作用下碰撞效應(yīng)對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)加速度、層間位移、隔震層位移地震響應(yīng)和滯回耗能的影響。研究表明，近斷層地震作用下隔震層位移小于在遠(yuǎn)源地震作用下的數(shù)值，但對(duì)上部結(jié)構(gòu)造成的損傷更嚴(yán)重。碰撞效應(yīng)不僅會(huì)激發(fā)高層隔震結(jié)構(gòu)的高階振型，而且會(huì)造成主體結(jié)構(gòu)滯回耗能增加，因而易于引起結(jié)構(gòu)損傷。
[Abstract]:With the accelerated process of city, the number of high-rise building structure in China is increasing. But the 1999 Chi Chi earthquake damage of high-rise building structure earthquake and the 2010 earthquake in Chile suffered serious damage that its seismic performance is facing a severe test. The Wenchuan earthquake and the Ya'an earthquake in China, in order to prevent the earthquake caused serious damage the high-rise building structure, the rapid development of the application of high-rise isolation isolation layer is set in the foundation of high-rise buildings. The research of high-rise isolated structure in the earthquake in the earthquake response and damage has important practical significance. Due to the vibration mechanism of uncertainty, how to adopt reasonable and effective seismic intensity to evaluate the performance of state level the isolation structure, and the prediction of the seismic response and damage performance appraisal problems of high-rise buildings, has become a high-rise isolated structure Considering the above problems, considering the complexity of the ground motion and the vibration characteristics of high-rise buildings, effective earthquake intensity index, earthquake response prediction theory and seismic damage evaluation method of high-rise isolation structures are proposed.
The main research work and results are as follows:
(1) the dynamic elastic-plastic time history method, comparative study of.6 indexes including seismic wave peak acceleration of equivalent high-rise isolated structure is simplified to a single degree of freedom model and three-dimensional model of 6 kinds of earthquake intensity index correlation effect (PGA), the seismic wave velocity peak (PGV), seismic wave, seismic peak displacement (PGD) wave velocity and peak acceleration ratio (PGV/PGA), acceleration spectrum (S a (T1)) and equivalent velocity spectra (VE (T1)). The engineering demand parameters including an upper storey deformation, top acceleration and displacement of isolation layer. By constructing seismic response index matrix as effective as high dynamic elastic isolation structure seismic attribute characterization analysis of the sample, and the seismic wave samples are classified. Combined with the fuzzy clustering algorithm based on fuzzy clustering algorithm and effective earthquake intensity index proposed high-rise isolated structure dynamic elastic-plastic time history analysis of seismic record selection Method.
(2) the 44 far field seismic waves and 20 near field pulse type earthquake wave as input, the bilinear single degree of freedom (SDOF) system of nonlinear time history analysis, the total input energy spectrum analysis and hysteretic energy spectra analysis. Based on the ductility criteria was established for long period of elastoplastic structures the hysteretic energy spectrum model. This model features a new parameter - based on hysteretic energy dissipation coefficient to reflect the ratio of hysteretic energy and the total energy, the relationship between yield strength coefficient and ductility coefficient. The energy spectrum model and energy balance principle is put forward based on the inelastic single degree of freedom (SDOF) system displacement prediction method Akiyama Hiroshi. Energy balance, energy balance and the accuracy of the Leelataviwat type of balance type, verify the effectiveness of the model and method presented in this paper. Combined with the energy spectrum model and multi modal pushover decomposition theory (MPA) proposed senior isolation The multimodal energy spectrum method for seismic structure is applied. Based on the principle of energy equivalence, the two level vibration mode reversal problem of high-rise isolation structure is corrected. The proposed energy spectrum model is applied to a 12 story high-rise isolation structure.
(3) based on the simplified model of double particle high-rise isolated structure puts forward the simple particle envelope can quickly compute the seismic response analysis method, the method of base shear and energy equivalent principle is established based on simplified analysis of two particle parameters and simplified model transformation between model and original structure model, is derived to determine the two the key parameters of the seismic response of stiffness coefficient and the mass conversion ratio. The energy balance method based on the simplified formula of the response envelope analysis model of high-rise isolated structure is proposed, and the principle of energy balance and the parameters of the model to predict the conversion between the seismic response envelope of the original high-rise isolated structure. On the 22 layer of high-rise isolated structure engineering example the first transformation of double mass model, then verify the validity and accuracy of analysis of simple particle method. This method is extended to consider the isolation layer The swing of the high-rise isolation system, a simplified analysis model of high-rise isolated structure is put forward considering the effect of swing angle, the isolation layer of the prediction formula, and by using the simplified method to predict the vertical force on the bearings. The ratio of height to width of vibration isolation structure model test 2.5 and 5 to verify the prediction accuracy of the formula and the applicability of the proposed based on seismic response.
(4) on the 108 bearing damage test results for the survey, analysis of the ultimate shear strain bearing, the relationship between shape factor and bearing diameter. The 60 near fault pulse type earthquake (pulse cycle 0.69~5.9s) simplified single isolated damage numerical model and simplified two degree of freedom isolation model calculation effects of bearing force coefficient, yield (2.8%, 5%, 10%, 15%), (150%, 200%, hardening displacement 250%, 300%) influence on bearing damage, as well as the upper structure of different yield force on the influence of structural damage. The main numerical elasto plasticity damage constitutive models for concrete and steel ductile damage constitutive established fine Co. element model of 15 storey steel frame core tube high-rise isolated structure based on and analysis of the conventional seismic wave and near fault pulse under earthquake of high-rise isolated structure core tube using dynamic finite element method, floor slab and steel frame Dynamic elastoplastic damage evolution and yield stress. Based on the level of material damage, three levels of floor level and the overall structure of the proposed method of evaluating the damage performance of high-rise isolated structure, using the method of numerical model of high-rise isolated structure based on the seismic damage index were calculated, the method can be used as chemical the design of the same type of structure damage performance evaluation and performance reference.
(5) according to the existing equivalent linear impact stiffness value of lack of theoretical guidance, the energy dissipation collision process of the Hertz-damp model and Kevin model system structure collision collision system based on the principle of equal derived maximum collision deformation stiffness formula of Kevin model of equivalent linear collision, through numerical analysis, the shaking table ball fell the collision test and structure test verifies the proposed stiffness model is reasonable and accurate. The two long period seismic wave on the damping coefficient spectrum of long period of isolation structure displacement near fault and far source of long period earthquakes. Compared with China, Japan, Europe, the United States and other countries seismic codes variation of damping coefficient the research shows that the Chinese seismic code in the structure calculation period is less than 6S when the calculated damping coefficient is conservative, Japan, Europe and the United States in the national standard A damping coefficient of near fault long-period seismic corresponding was small. Two degree of freedom simplified model and 22 storey high-rise frame shear wall structure model based on the long period seismic collision effects on structural layer displacement, acceleration, displacement of isolation layer hysteretic effect of seismic response and energy consumption. The results show that numerical under near fault earthquake displacement of isolation layer is less than the far source under the action of earthquake, but the cause of the upper structure of the damage is more serious. The high modes will not only impact effect of high-rise isolated structure excitation, and will cause the main structure of the hysteretic energy increases, so it is easy to cause structural damage.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TU352.12;TU973.31

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