發(fā)布時間：2018-04-05 00:38

  本文選題：采油廠　切入點：采油成本　出處：《東北石油大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：石油天然氣行業(yè)是一個具有特殊性的重要行業(yè),其產(chǎn)品作為重要的國家戰(zhàn)略物資之一,它的生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營情況直接影響著國家經(jīng)濟發(fā)展。從2014年6月份開始,原油價格大幅下跌,世界原油價格未來具有很大的不確定性。為了適應(yīng)我國經(jīng)濟的快速發(fā)展中石油公司進行了重組,同時為了把企業(yè)做大做強并具有跨國經(jīng)營理念,還不斷引入了市場競爭機制。然而由于受到不可再生的行業(yè)特征限制導(dǎo)致油氣田開發(fā)難度起來越大,同時隨著原材料價格上升、外部競爭越發(fā)激烈,還有老油田產(chǎn)量遞減,這些都使得的企業(yè)的成本不斷升高導(dǎo)致壓力越來越高,隨著企業(yè)的不斷發(fā)展成本壓縮的空間也就變得越來越小。由此可以看出,當前對于油企要確保不斷提高原油開采效率和資金使用率,這樣才能達到低投入高產(chǎn)出的目的,從而降低企業(yè)成本使得企業(yè)具有更強的市場競爭力,而成本控制就是完成這一目標的重要手段之一。本文主要通過結(jié)合成本控制的實踐經(jīng)驗,介紹了采油廠現(xiàn)有的成本控制方法,特別針對第N采油廠的現(xiàn)狀,提出如何從管理理念、管理體制、技術(shù)層面和激勵措施等方面全面提升采油成本控制水平。論文共有五部分組成。首先,介紹了本文的研究背景,闡述了題目的研究意義,分析了國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀,提出了研究思路與研究;其次,介紹了成本控制的相關(guān)基礎(chǔ)理論,主要介紹了成本控制的概念及意義、成本控制內(nèi)容、成本控制方法、成本控制原則;再次,對第N采油廠成本控制現(xiàn)狀進行分析,通過分析了第N采油廠采油成本構(gòu)成以及各項成本2012年~2016年近五年變化趨勢,論述了采油廠成本控制現(xiàn)狀;然后,對第N采油廠成本控制存在的問題進行了深入分析,先后分析了耗能控制不力、員工費用偏高、產(chǎn)能投入與成本控制的矛盾日益突出、成本控制重點不明確、成本控制監(jiān)管執(zhí)行不夠,通過分析研究總結(jié)了現(xiàn)有成本控制所存在的問題;最后,針對第N采油廠目前成本控制的實際情況提出相應(yīng)對策,旨在有效地降低原油采出成本,提高企業(yè)競爭力。
[Abstract]:Oil and gas industry is an important industry with particularity, its products as one of the important national strategic materials, its production and operation directly affect the national economic development.Crude oil prices have fallen sharply since June 2014 and there is considerable uncertainty about the future of world crude oil prices.In order to adapt to the rapid development of China's economy, petroleum companies have been reorganized, and in order to make the enterprises bigger and stronger and have the concept of transnational management, the market competition mechanism has been continuously introduced.However, because of the limitation of non-renewable industry characteristics, the development of oil and gas fields becomes more difficult, and with the price of raw materials rising, the external competition becomes more intense, and the production of old oil fields decreases.All these make the cost of the enterprise rising and leading to higher and higher pressure, with the continuous development of the enterprise, the space of cost compression becomes smaller and smaller.From this, we can see that at present, for oil enterprises, we should ensure that the efficiency of crude oil production and the utilization rate of funds are continuously improved, so that we can achieve the goal of low input and high output, thus reducing the cost of enterprises and making them more competitive in the market.Cost control is one of the important means to achieve this goal.Based on the practical experience of cost control, this paper introduces the existing methods of cost control in oil production plant, especially in view of the present situation of No. N oil production plant, and puts forward how to manage the concept and system of production from the point of view of management.Technical level and incentive measures to improve the level of production cost control.The thesis consists of five parts.Firstly, it introduces the research background of this paper, expounds the significance of the research topic, analyzes the current research situation at home and abroad, and puts forward the research ideas and research; secondly, it introduces the basic theory of cost control.This paper mainly introduces the concept and significance of cost control, the content of cost control, the method of cost control, the principle of cost control.By analyzing the cost composition of the N oil production plant and the changing trend of each cost in the past five years from 2012 to 2016, the paper discusses the present situation of the cost control in the oil extraction plant, and then, the problems existing in the cost control of the N oil extraction plant are analyzed.It has analyzed the ineffectiveness of energy consumption control, the high staff cost, the increasingly prominent contradiction between production capacity input and cost control, the unclear focus of cost control, and the insufficient supervision and control of cost control.The existing problems in cost control are summarized through analysis and research. Finally, the corresponding countermeasures are put forward to effectively reduce the cost of crude oil recovery and improve the competitiveness of enterprises in view of the actual situation of cost control in N oil extraction plant.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F426.22;F406.72
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本文編號：1712449