【摘要】：我國(guó)進(jìn)入市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)以后，中小企業(yè)以迅雷不及掩耳之勢(shì)快速增長(zhǎng)，中小企業(yè)的數(shù)量在我國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)企業(yè)的總量上的比重不斷的加大，今天已經(jīng)達(dá)到了95%還要多，對(duì)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的貢獻(xiàn)度相對(duì)于前些年來說不僅有了量上的提高，還有了質(zhì)上的飛躍，其營(yíng)業(yè)稅額，收入規(guī)模，發(fā)展規(guī)模，資本自由量與全國(guó)大型的企業(yè)相比也高出了很多。目前的數(shù)據(jù)是比大型國(guó)有企業(yè)多出20%、22%、21%，而且在我國(guó)深圳交易所也有大約有4000多個(gè)在中下企業(yè)板上市，尤其是在流通領(lǐng)域，所占的比重也占到了92%左右。而且這一數(shù)據(jù)還在與日俱增，為我國(guó)過剩的人口提供了大量的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)，失業(yè)人數(shù)的比重下降，貢獻(xiàn)度為70%左右。隨著我國(guó)加入世界貿(mào)易組織，對(duì)外出口的機(jī)會(huì)大大加強(qiáng)了，就中小企業(yè)就占到了約61%。對(duì)我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的蓬勃發(fā)展起到了重要的作用。但是中小企業(yè)由于自身的條件的束縛很難從正規(guī)金融渠道獲得大量的資金支持，資金的缺乏成為困擾中小企業(yè)發(fā)展的痛中之痛。 我國(guó)的大型國(guó)有商業(yè)銀行上的管理制度，貸款的審批需要層層把關(guān)，有著復(fù)雜的操作程序，想要從銀行獲得貸款也是難上加難。再加上中小企業(yè)發(fā)展的時(shí)間并不太長(zhǎng)，規(guī)模并不大，難以提供出銀行所需要的擔(dān)保物，這在經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)中就表現(xiàn)出了供需的矛盾性，需求方急需要大量的資金，而供給方又不愿意把資金放到需求方身上。怎樣才能解決好這個(gè)問題成為了重中之重的難題，民間金融的應(yīng)運(yùn)而生填補(bǔ)了這個(gè)空白。大量的民間資金投入到中小企業(yè)。持有大量資金的機(jī)構(gòu)為了追逐高額的利潤(rùn)，并沒有把資金存放在銀行中來賺取微薄的利息，而是通過獲得高額的利息把資金放到了中小企業(yè)中，這樣民間金融機(jī)構(gòu)就在這個(gè)鏈條中形成了資金的供給方，，民間金融的發(fā)展對(duì)于中小企業(yè)的發(fā)展來說就具有了非常重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)性。 調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，在民間大量的資本被閑置，資源得不到合理的利用，對(duì)這些資金流入中小企業(yè)的規(guī)模進(jìn)行實(shí)證分析就具有了非常重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)性。如果我們能利用好民間金融領(lǐng)域里面的資金，對(duì)這些資金的流量作出一個(gè)估算并正確的投入到中小企業(yè)中為中小企業(yè)融資，中小企業(yè)就會(huì)因?yàn)槌杀镜臏p小而獲得長(zhǎng)久的發(fā)展。本文首先闡述了我國(guó)中小企業(yè)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀及其自身所有的特點(diǎn)，分析了成因。隨后對(duì)我國(guó)民間金融領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展情況做出評(píng)估，通過結(jié)構(gòu)化和簡(jiǎn)化的分析模型初步的估計(jì)出民間資本用于中小企業(yè)的規(guī)模，最后總結(jié)了我國(guó)政府，中小企業(yè)自身應(yīng)該如何規(guī)劃，才能正確的引導(dǎo)民間金融里面的資金用于中小企業(yè)的發(fā)展，為我國(guó)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展出自己的一份力。
[Abstract]:After China's entry into the market economy, the small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have been growing rapidly, and the number of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is constantly increasing in the total amount of domestic enterprises in China. Today, it has reached 95% and still needs more than one hundred and fifty-five percent. Compared with the previous years, the contribution to the national economy has not only increased in quantity, but also qualitative leap, its business tax, income scale, development scale, capital freedom compared with the large-scale enterprises in the country are also a lot higher. The current figures are 20%, 22%, and 21% more than those of large state-owned enterprises, and about 4000 listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange in China, especially in the circulation sector, accounting for about 92%. And the data is growing, providing a large number of jobs for the country's overpopulation and a drop in the number of unemployed, contributing about 70 percent. With China's accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO), export opportunities have been greatly enhanced, accounting for about 61% of small and medium-sized enterprises. It has played an important role in the vigorous development of our country's economy. However, due to the constraints of their own conditions, it is difficult to obtain a large amount of financial support from the formal financial channels, and the lack of funds has become a pain in the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. In the management system of large state-owned commercial banks in China, the examination and approval of loans need to be checked at various levels, and there are complicated operation procedures. It is also difficult to obtain loans from banks. Coupled with the fact that the development of small and medium-sized enterprises is not too long and the scale is not large, it is difficult to provide the collateral needed by the banks, which shows the contradiction of supply and demand in economics, and the demand is in urgent need of a large amount of capital. And the supply side is unwilling to put the funds on the demand side. How to solve this problem has become the most important problem, folk finance came into being to fill this gap. A large number of private funds are invested in small and medium-sized enterprises. Institutions that hold large amounts of money, in pursuit of high profits, do not deposit their money in banks to earn small and medium-sized interest, but put the money in small and medium-sized enterprises by obtaining high interest rates. Thus the private financial institutions form the supply side of funds in this chain. The development of folk finance has a very important reality for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. It is found that a large amount of private capital is idle and resources are not used reasonably. It is very important to make an empirical analysis of the scale of these funds flowing into small and medium-sized enterprises. If we can make good use of the funds in the field of private finance, make an estimate of the flow of these funds and correctly invest them in the financing of SMEs, SMEs will achieve long-term development because of the reduction of costs. In this paper, the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in China and all its own characteristics are described, and the causes are analyzed. Then it evaluates the development of private finance in China, estimates the scale of private capital used in small and medium-sized enterprises through structured and simplified analytical model, and finally sums up how the government and small and medium-sized enterprises should plan themselves. In order to correctly guide the private finance funds for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, for the development of our national economy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F275;F832.35

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