【摘要】：自1982年以來,關(guān)于“三農(nóng)問題”的14個(gè)“一號(hào)文件”,都把發(fā)展農(nóng)村金融擺在一個(gè)非常重要的位置。黨的十七屆三中全會(huì)更是明確指出“農(nóng)村金融是現(xiàn)代農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)的核心”。這說明,黨和政府把發(fā)展農(nóng)村金融作為解決我國“三農(nóng)問題”的一個(gè)重要手段。 實(shí)際發(fā)展經(jīng)驗(yàn)證實(shí),一個(gè)國家或者地區(qū)金融發(fā)達(dá)程度與當(dāng)?shù)氐慕?jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平密切相關(guān)。金融市場(chǎng)越發(fā)達(dá),市場(chǎng)配置資源的效率越高。而衡量一個(gè)地區(qū)金融市場(chǎng)的發(fā)達(dá)程度,借貸市場(chǎng)的發(fā)展程度是一個(gè)非常好的指標(biāo)。因此研究一個(gè)國家或者地區(qū)金融市場(chǎng)的發(fā)展，，對(duì)其借貸市場(chǎng)的研究是一個(gè)先導(dǎo)或者基礎(chǔ)性研究,對(duì)借貸市場(chǎng)的研究主要通過對(duì)市場(chǎng)上各經(jīng)濟(jì)主體的借貸行為來實(shí)現(xiàn)�；诖�,對(duì)我國農(nóng)戶借貸行為的研究屬于農(nóng)村金融市場(chǎng)的一個(gè)基礎(chǔ)性研究,它對(duì)政府適時(shí)調(diào)整農(nóng)村金融政策、制定農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展規(guī)劃和促進(jìn)農(nóng)民收入有著重要的理論與現(xiàn)實(shí)意義,這正是本文的研究意義所在。 本文在對(duì)農(nóng)戶貸款收入實(shí)證分析的基礎(chǔ)上,利用行為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的最新研究成果,依據(jù)認(rèn)知偏差理論、心理賬戶以及雙曲線貼現(xiàn)理論等相關(guān)理論,從農(nóng)戶基本需求出發(fā),對(duì)農(nóng)戶借貸行為進(jìn)行了多角度、全方位的全新闡釋,并據(jù)此提出了相應(yīng)的對(duì)策建議。 本文的主要研究結(jié)論有三個(gè)方面： (1)農(nóng)戶借貸行為中存在明顯的啟發(fā)式偏差問題。啟發(fā)式作為一種人類有效認(rèn)知的工具,對(duì)我們更快更好的認(rèn)識(shí)這個(gè)世界有非常顯著的作用。但由于人類大腦思維固有的缺陷,使得我們無法有效的使用這一認(rèn)知工具。作為不確定條件下決策的一個(gè)實(shí)例——農(nóng)戶的貸款決策就很容易陷入啟發(fā)式陷阱。囿于人類共有的認(rèn)知偏差,以在共變與折損原則的影響下,由于白我保護(hù)動(dòng)機(jī)與基本歸因偏差的影響。多數(shù)農(nóng)戶會(huì)高估白己的能力,低估貸款背后存在的各類風(fēng)險(xiǎn),進(jìn)而盲目做出貸款決策,最終導(dǎo)致經(jīng)營失敗,使得整個(gè)家庭陷入X=困境。 (2)在心理賬戶影響下,農(nóng)戶借貸資金用途與借貸渠道互相影響。農(nóng)戶的借貸資金分為生產(chǎn)性借貸與生活性借貸。其借貸渠道分為止規(guī)金融機(jī)構(gòu)與非止規(guī)金融機(jī)構(gòu)兩類。心理賬戶認(rèn)為來自于不同渠道,投向不同用途的同等數(shù)量貨幣對(duì)農(nóng)戶白身具有不同的效用�；谶@一理論,農(nóng)戶不同用途的借款傾向于從不同的金融機(jī)構(gòu)獲得。借貸渠道也在很大程度上影響農(nóng)戶的借貸用途。正規(guī)金融機(jī)構(gòu)主要提供農(nóng)戶的生產(chǎn)性借貸,而其生活性借貸主要從非正規(guī)金融機(jī)構(gòu)獲得。 (3)現(xiàn)階段農(nóng)村金融市場(chǎng)發(fā)展對(duì)農(nóng)戶收入的促進(jìn)作用有限,盲目增加農(nóng)戶的流動(dòng)性會(huì)降低農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展活力。盲目的擴(kuò)大農(nóng)村貸款規(guī)模,增加農(nóng)戶的流動(dòng)性,不僅對(duì)農(nóng)戶增收無益,反而可能會(huì)降低農(nóng)戶未來收入增長(zhǎng)的潛力,使得農(nóng)戶終身福利受損,農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)乏力,最終使得農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)偏離可持續(xù)發(fā)展之路。
[Abstract]:Since 1982, the 14 "1" documents on the "three rural issues" have placed the development of rural finance in a very important position. The third Plenary session of the 17th CPC Central Committee clearly pointed out that rural finance is the core of modern rural economy. This shows that the Party and the government take the development of rural finance as an important means to solve the problem of agriculture, rural areas and farmers in China. Practical development experience proves that the degree of financial development of a country or region is closely related to the level of local economic development. The more developed the financial market, the higher the efficiency of market allocation of resources. It is a very good indicator to measure the degree of development of a regional financial market and the degree of development of the lending market. Therefore, the research on the development of a country or region's financial market is a forerunner or basic research, and the research on the lending market is mainly realized through the lending behavior of various economic entities in the market. Based on this, the research on rural households' lending behavior belongs to a basic research of rural financial market, which adjusts the rural financial policy of the government in a timely manner. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to formulate the rural economic development plan and promote farmers' income, which is the research significance of this paper. On the basis of empirical analysis of farmers' loan income, this paper makes use of the latest research results of behavioral economics, based on cognitive deviation theory, psychological account and hyperbolic discount theory, and proceeds from the basic needs of farmers. This paper makes a new explanation from many angles and omni-directional, and puts forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions on the basis of the new explanation of peasant households' lending behavior. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) there are obvious heuristic deviation problems in farmers' lending behavior. Heuristics, as an effective tool for human cognition, play a significant role in our faster and better understanding of the world. However, due to the inherent defects in human brain thinking, we cannot use this cognitive tool effectively. As an example of decision-making under uncertain conditions, farmers' loan decision-making is easy to fall into heuristic trap. Due to the common cognitive biases of human beings, under the influence of the principle of covariation and damage, due to the influence of the white self protection motivation and the basic attribution deviation. Most farmers overestimate their own ability, underestimate the risks behind the loan, and then blindly make loan decisions, eventually lead to business failure, making the entire family into X, = dilemma. (2) under the influence of psychological account, the use of rural households' borrowing funds and the channels of lending affect each other. Farmers' loan funds are divided into productive loans and living loans. Its lending channels are divided into non-regulatory financial institutions and non-regulatory financial institutions. Psychological accounts believe that the same amount of money from different channels and for different purposes has different effects on the white body of farmers. Based on this theory, farmers tend to borrow money for different purposes from different financial institutions. Loan channels also to a large extent affect farmers' use of loans. Formal financial institutions mainly provide farmers with productive loans, and their living loans are mainly obtained from informal financial institutions. (3) the effect of rural financial market development on farmers' income is limited at present. Increasing the mobility of rural households blindly will reduce the vitality of rural economic development. Blindly expanding the scale of rural loans and increasing the mobility of farmers will not only do no good to increase the income of farmers, but may on the contrary reduce the potential of future income growth of farmers, resulting in the loss of farmers' lifelong welfare and the lack of economic growth in rural areas. Finally, the rural economy and society deviate from the road of sustainable development.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F832.43

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