【摘要】：外國直接投資和國際貿(mào)易是要素和產(chǎn)品在國際間流動(dòng)的結(jié)果，二者之間具有十分密切的關(guān)系。赫克歇爾-俄林模型表明通過產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易可以間接實(shí)現(xiàn)要素的流動(dòng)，從而使要素價(jià)格均等化。蒙代爾在此模型基礎(chǔ)上，，提出了FDI與國際貿(mào)易替代模型，即產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易可以代替直接投資的流動(dòng)，反之直接投資活動(dòng)會(huì)減少產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易。 隨著研究者對外國直接投資和國際貿(mào)易研究的深入，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)FDI與國際貿(mào)易的關(guān)系并不簡單。Helpman和Markusen于1984年分別提出了垂直跨國企業(yè)和水平跨國企業(yè)的概念，并由此衍生出對FDI類型如何影響FDI與國際貿(mào)易關(guān)系的探討。Helpman認(rèn)為，跨國企業(yè)在全球?qū)嵭写怪狈止ぃ纱水a(chǎn)生了大量的中間品貿(mào)易，造成FDI與國際貿(mào)易形成互補(bǔ)關(guān)系。Markusen認(rèn)為，跨國企業(yè)在全球?qū)嵭兴椒止�，�?dāng)?shù)厣a(chǎn)產(chǎn)品用于滿足當(dāng)?shù)厥袌�，造成產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易的減少，F(xiàn)DI與國際貿(mào)易是替代關(guān)系。 垂直型FDI與水平型FDI的劃分使我們對FDI與國際貿(mào)易的關(guān)系認(rèn)識(shí)得更為全面，不過，這一方法的缺點(diǎn)是我們無法在一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的理論框架中討論FDI，統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)上也無法區(qū)分這兩種不同類型的FDI，給實(shí)證檢驗(yàn)帶來了困難。Markusen，Venables和Zhang在總結(jié)過去對不同類型FDI研究的基礎(chǔ)上，提出一個(gè)同時(shí)包含垂直型FDI和水平型FDI的模型。本文將以此模型為基礎(chǔ)構(gòu)造實(shí)證檢驗(yàn)方程，用以檢驗(yàn)我國FDI和國際貿(mào)易的關(guān)系。 利用我國與其33個(gè)貿(mào)易伙伴1997年至2011年雙邊投資與貿(mào)易面板數(shù)據(jù)，本文首先利用分組數(shù)據(jù)對要素稟賦差異決定FDI與國際貿(mào)易關(guān)系的理論作了驗(yàn)證。實(shí)證發(fā)現(xiàn)要素稟賦差異較小時(shí)FDI對貿(mào)易的影響系數(shù)為負(fù)，實(shí)證模型系數(shù)在統(tǒng)計(jì)上顯著；要素稟賦差異較大時(shí)FDI對貿(mào)易的影響在統(tǒng)計(jì)上雖然不顯著，但符號(hào)為正，與理論預(yù)測相符。 本文還研究了我國FDI流入與進(jìn)口、出口的替代或互補(bǔ)關(guān)系，實(shí)證結(jié)果表明我國FDI流入與進(jìn)口是替代關(guān)系，與出口是互補(bǔ)關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:Foreign direct investment (FDI) and international trade are the result of the flow of factors and products. The Hecchel-Olin model shows that factor flows can be indirectly realized through product trade, thus equalizing factor prices. On the basis of this model, Mondale put forward a substitute model between FDI and international trade, that is, product trade can replace the flow of direct investment, whereas direct investment activities can reduce product trade. As researchers study FDI and international trade, they find that the relationship between FDI and international trade is not simple. Helpman and Markusen put forward the concepts of vertical multinational enterprise and horizontal multinational enterprise in 1984, respectively. Helpman believes that multinational enterprises implement vertical division of labor in the world, resulting in a large number of intermediate trade, resulting in a complementary relationship between FDI and international trade. Multinational enterprises implement a horizontal division of labor in the world, and local products are used to satisfy the local market, which results in the reduction of product trade. FDI and international trade are the substitute relations. The division between vertical FDI and horizontal FDI makes us understand more fully the relationship between FDI and international trade. However, the disadvantage of this approach is that we cannot discuss FDI, in a unified theoretical framework. On the basis of summarizing the previous studies on different types of FDI, Markusen,Venables and Zhang put forward a model that includes both vertical FDI and horizontal FDI. Based on this model, the empirical test equation is constructed to test the relationship between China's FDI and international trade. Using bilateral investment and trade panel data of China and 33 of its trading partners from 1997 to 2011, this paper first uses grouping data to verify the theory that factor endowment differences determine the relationship between FDI and international trade. The empirical results show that the influence coefficient of FDI on trade is negative when the difference of factor endowment is small, and the coefficient of empirical model is statistically significant. Although the influence of FDI on trade is not significant statistically, the symbol is positive, which is consistent with the theoretical prediction. This paper also studies the substitution or complementation relationship between FDI inflow and import and export. The empirical results show that China's FDI inflow and import are substitution and export are complementary.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F832.6;F752

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