【摘要】：在西方主流商業(yè)銀行紛紛將非利息收入作為重要的收入來源時(shí),我國(guó)商業(yè)銀行由于其本身體制的原因,對(duì)存貸利差帶來的凈利息收入的依賴性很強(qiáng),對(duì)發(fā)展非利息業(yè)務(wù)的意識(shí)還不夠。然而近年來,我國(guó)利率市場(chǎng)化的進(jìn)程加快、金融脫媒化程度加深、資本約束加強(qiáng)、銀行業(yè)之間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)也更為激烈。因而我國(guó)傳統(tǒng)的以利息收入為主的盈利模式遭受到了前所未有的挑戰(zhàn)。迫于利差收窄的壓力,我國(guó)商業(yè)銀行紛紛選擇進(jìn)行收入結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)型,采取措施大力發(fā)展非利息收入業(yè)務(wù)。然而非利息收入的拓展是否就有助于提升商業(yè)銀行的經(jīng)營(yíng)績(jī)效,是值得進(jìn)一步研究的問題。關(guān)于非利息收入對(duì)商業(yè)銀行績(jī)效的影響,國(guó)外的學(xué)者研究的比較深入,而我國(guó)由于非利息業(yè)務(wù)起步較晚,國(guó)內(nèi)學(xué)者對(duì)于這個(gè)問題的研究還不夠成熟。盡管近幾年也有不少學(xué)者研究非利息收入對(duì)銀行績(jī)效的影響,但是國(guó)內(nèi)學(xué)者并沒有得出一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的結(jié)論。而關(guān)于非利息收入結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)銀行績(jī)效影響的問題,目前很少有學(xué)者對(duì)此進(jìn)行深入研究。本文就在前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上,將上市銀行分為國(guó)有控股銀行、全國(guó)性股份制銀行、上市城市商業(yè)銀行,進(jìn)一步研究非利息收入不同組成部分對(duì)上市銀行績(jī)效的影響。本文主要分為七個(gè)部分。 第一部分為緒論。這一部分主要是闡述本文的選題背景、選題意義、研究思路和結(jié)構(gòu)、研究方法和本文創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)進(jìn)行闡述,以明確本文的研究對(duì)象。本文研究的方法主要是比較分析法和實(shí)證分析法。首先對(duì)國(guó)有控股銀行、全國(guó)性股份制商業(yè)銀行、上市城市商業(yè)銀行的非利息收入發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,然后以股權(quán)收益率為被解釋變量,研究非利息收入及其組成部分對(duì)其績(jī)效的不同影響。 第二部分是對(duì)非利息收入相關(guān)理論和文獻(xiàn)的闡述。這部分首先從金融創(chuàng)新理論、范圍經(jīng)濟(jì)理論、多元化理論的角度對(duì)有關(guān)非利息收入發(fā)展的理論基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行闡述。然后對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行梳理。國(guó)外對(duì)于非利息收入對(duì)銀行績(jī)效的研究主要存在兩個(gè)觀點(diǎn),因此本文就積極影響和消極影響兩個(gè)角度分別進(jìn)行綜述；國(guó)內(nèi)對(duì)于非利息收入的研究并不夠成熟,并且也沒有形成統(tǒng)一的觀點(diǎn),所以本文從定性分析、定量分析的角度分別對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行綜述。 第三部分是對(duì)非利息收入的簡(jiǎn)要概述。主要是對(duì)非利息收入的概念進(jìn)行了總結(jié)和界定,本文結(jié)合我國(guó)實(shí)際情況,將非利息收入分為手續(xù)費(fèi)及傭金凈收入、投資損益、匯兌損益、公允價(jià)值變動(dòng)損益以及其他業(yè)務(wù)收入。為了更加清晰的界定非利息收入的概念,本章對(duì)非利息收入、中間業(yè)務(wù)收入、表外業(yè)務(wù)收入這三個(gè)概念進(jìn)行了比較和區(qū)分。最后,又進(jìn)一步通過對(duì)非利息收入的特點(diǎn)、非利息收入及其組成部分的波動(dòng)性、非利息收入與凈利息收入的相關(guān)系數(shù)來對(duì)非利息收入進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的說明,加深對(duì)非利息收入的理解。本章得出的結(jié)論為非利息收入增長(zhǎng)率的波動(dòng)性大于凈利息收入,非利息收入組成部分增長(zhǎng)率波動(dòng)性從高到底依次為：投資損益、匯兌損益、公允價(jià)值變動(dòng)損益、其他業(yè)務(wù)收入、手續(xù)費(fèi)及傭金凈收入。非利息收入與凈利息收入存在一定的正向關(guān)關(guān)系,手續(xù)費(fèi)及傭金與凈利息收入存在顯著的正相關(guān)關(guān)系,而投資損益、匯兌損益、公允價(jià)值變動(dòng)損益與凈利息收入負(fù)相關(guān)。因此純粹的提高非利息收入未必就能分散銀行的經(jīng)營(yíng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn),銀行應(yīng)該合理的安排非利息收入的結(jié)構(gòu)。 第四部分為我國(guó)非利息收入發(fā)展背景與現(xiàn)狀。首先從利率市場(chǎng)化、綜合經(jīng)營(yíng)程度加深、金融脫媒化進(jìn)程加快、金融監(jiān)管的壓力四個(gè)方面說明我國(guó)近年來非利息收入發(fā)展的背景原因。然后從非利息收入占比情況、非利息收入組成結(jié)構(gòu)情況、手續(xù)費(fèi)及傭金構(gòu)成的情況,分別比較研究了國(guó)有控股銀行、全國(guó)性股份制商業(yè)銀行、上市城市商業(yè)銀行非利息收入發(fā)展的現(xiàn)狀。主要結(jié)論為我國(guó)非利息收入迅速增長(zhǎng)但是占比仍然較低,凈利息收入仍然是我國(guó)銀行業(yè)的主要收入來源。手續(xù)費(fèi)及傭金凈收入為非利息收入的主要組成部分,其他非利息收入占比相對(duì)較低,不同銀行手續(xù)費(fèi)及傭金凈收入結(jié)構(gòu)差異比較大。 第五部分為實(shí)證研究。主要是以14家上市銀行2007-2012年的季度數(shù)據(jù)為樣本,通過構(gòu)建面板數(shù)據(jù)模型并進(jìn)行回歸分析,分為兩步分別研究了非利息收入及其各組成部分對(duì)我國(guó)上市銀行績(jī)效的影響。首先,將樣本分為國(guó)有控股銀行、全國(guó)性股份制銀行、上市城市商業(yè)三組,選取了資產(chǎn)規(guī)模的對(duì)數(shù)、貸款規(guī)模、GDP的對(duì)數(shù)作為控制變量。研究了非利息收入對(duì)其股權(quán)收益率的影響。得出的結(jié)果是三組樣本非利息收入的系數(shù)都為正,但是結(jié)果并不顯著。然后,本章進(jìn)一步將非利息收入分為手續(xù)費(fèi)及傭金凈收入、投資損益、匯兌損益、公允價(jià)值變動(dòng)損益、其他業(yè)務(wù)收入來研究不同組成部分對(duì)銀行績(jī)效的影響。得出的結(jié)論為,國(guó)有控股銀行手續(xù)費(fèi)及傭金凈收入與銀行績(jī)效有顯著的正向關(guān)系。全國(guó)性股份制銀行和上市城市商業(yè)銀行其他業(yè)務(wù)收入與銀行績(jī)效有顯著的正向關(guān)系。其他組成部分的結(jié)果不顯著。最后,通過對(duì)產(chǎn)生這些結(jié)果的原因進(jìn)行初步探究,為下一章提出相應(yīng)的政策建議做出了一定的鋪墊。 第六部分為發(fā)展非利息收入的一些相關(guān)建議。主要是結(jié)合我國(guó)上市商業(yè)銀行非利息收入的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀以及本文的實(shí)證結(jié)果,對(duì)國(guó)有控股銀行、全國(guó)性股份制銀行、上市城市商業(yè)銀行,從非利息收入占比、非利息收入結(jié)構(gòu)、手續(xù)費(fèi)及傭金收入結(jié)構(gòu)這三個(gè)不同的層面提出相應(yīng)的政策建議。從提高非利息收入占比的方法來看,國(guó)有控股銀行應(yīng)該借助規(guī)模優(yōu)勢(shì),繼續(xù)走綜合化經(jīng)營(yíng)的道路,建立起混業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)的平臺(tái),以實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)為依托,堅(jiān)持“走出去”的方針。而全國(guó)性股份制銀行則可以引入戰(zhàn)略伙伴,進(jìn)一步拓展非利息收入。上市城市商業(yè)銀行由于區(qū)域化的特征比較明顯,規(guī)模較小,不能要求其將非利息收入占比提高到國(guó)有控股銀行同樣的水平,而是應(yīng)該以社區(qū)銀行為定位,在發(fā)展傳統(tǒng)的利息收入的同時(shí),以交叉銷售的方式適當(dāng)?shù)奶岣叻抢⑹杖胝急�。�?duì)于非利息收入結(jié)構(gòu)這塊,國(guó)有控股銀行應(yīng)該進(jìn)一步的增加手續(xù)費(fèi)及傭金凈收入占比,在投資收益這塊要引入大量人才進(jìn)行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制。此外也要借助人民幣國(guó)際化的機(jī)會(huì),大力拓展匯兌收益。對(duì)于全國(guó)性股份制銀行和上市城市商業(yè)來說,應(yīng)該繼續(xù)發(fā)揮在投資收益上的優(yōu)勢(shì),在匯兌損益這塊業(yè)務(wù)上應(yīng)該采取謹(jǐn)慎的態(tài)度,不能盲目擴(kuò)張。至于其他非利息業(yè)務(wù),股份制銀行也可以通過和非金融機(jī)構(gòu)合作的方式進(jìn)一步拓展。本部分還提出了,要優(yōu)化手續(xù)費(fèi)及傭金收入結(jié)構(gòu)的建議,具體從提高理財(cái)業(yè)務(wù)收入、優(yōu)化結(jié)算與現(xiàn)金管理服務(wù)、加大資產(chǎn)托管業(yè)務(wù)創(chuàng)新力度、加強(qiáng)電子銀行業(yè)務(wù)建設(shè)這四個(gè)方面進(jìn)行了闡述。最后本章提出了對(duì)不同銀行進(jìn)行差別化監(jiān)管的建議。 第七部分為總結(jié)與展望。這一部分總結(jié)了本文的大致結(jié)論,提出了本文的一些不足和對(duì)未來研究方向的一些展望。指出未來可以進(jìn)一步拓展樣本,研究城市商業(yè)銀行、農(nóng)村商業(yè)銀行、外資銀行等非利息收入對(duì)銀行績(jī)效的影響。以后的研究還能將手續(xù)費(fèi)及傭金收入進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步細(xì)分,研究不同部分對(duì)銀行績(jī)效的影響,此外,以后的研究還可以選取相應(yīng)指標(biāo)研究非利息收入對(duì)銀行安全性、流動(dòng)性的影響。 本文的創(chuàng)新之處主要是在于本文進(jìn)一步將非利息收入進(jìn)行細(xì)分為手續(xù)費(fèi)及傭金凈收入、投資損益、匯兌損益、公允價(jià)值變動(dòng)損益、其他業(yè)務(wù)收入五個(gè)部分,研究非利息收入不同組成部分對(duì)不同銀行績(jī)效的影響。而且本文對(duì)銀行進(jìn)行了分類研究,使得相關(guān)結(jié)論和政策建議更具有實(shí)用性。本文選取的是2007-2012年的季度數(shù)據(jù),不僅使得非利息收入的統(tǒng)計(jì)口徑較為統(tǒng)一,樣本容量更大,可比性更高,使得結(jié)論更加準(zhǔn)確,具有一定的創(chuàng)新性。. 本文的不足之處是關(guān)于上市城市商業(yè)的樣本量?jī)H為3個(gè),由于本人無法獲得其他城市商業(yè)銀行比較完整的數(shù)據(jù),就沒將其他城市商業(yè)銀行納入樣本中考慮。使得關(guān)于城市商業(yè)銀行的樣本結(jié)果可能不足以完全體現(xiàn)目前我國(guó)城市商業(yè)銀行的所有情況。此外,由于篇幅有限,本文并沒有進(jìn)一步分析非利息收入及其組成部分對(duì)銀行經(jīng)營(yíng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的影響,存在一定的缺憾。
[Abstract]:When the mainstream commercial banks in the West regard non-interest income as an important source of income, the commercial banks in our country depend heavily on the net interest income brought by the interest margin between deposit and loan because of the reasons of their own system, and are not aware of the development of non-interest business. With the deepening of industrialization, capital restraint and fiercer competition among banks, the traditional profit model based on interest income in China is facing unprecedented challenges. Whether the expansion of non-interest income will help to improve the operational performance of commercial banks is a question worthy of further study. The impact of non-interest income on the performance of commercial banks has been studied deeply by foreign scholars. However, due to the late start of non-interest business in China, domestic scholars are not mature enough to study this issue. Although many scholars have studied the effect of non-interest income on bank performance in recent years, domestic scholars have not come to a unified conclusion. However, few scholars have conducted in-depth study on the impact of non-interest income structure on bank performance. For state-owned holding banks, national joint-stock banks and listed city commercial banks, this paper further studies the impact of different components of non-interest income on the performance of listed banks.
The first part is the introduction. This part mainly elaborates the background, significance, research ideas and structure, research methods and innovation points of this paper to clarify the research object of this paper. The research methods of this paper are mainly comparative analysis and empirical analysis. This paper compares the development status of non-interest income of listed city commercial banks, and then studies the different effects of non-interest income and its components on their performance with the stock returns as explanatory variables.
The second part is the elaboration of the relevant theories and literature on non-interest income.This part first expounds the theoretical basis of the development of non-interest income from the perspective of financial innovation theory, scope economy theory and diversification theory. There are two points of view, so this paper reviews the positive and negative impact of the two perspectives respectively; domestic research on non-interest income is not mature enough, and did not form a unified view, so this paper reviews the domestic literature from the perspective of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis.
The third part is a brief overview of non-interest income.It mainly summarizes and defines the concept of non-interest income.This paper divides non-interest income into service fees and commission net income,investment gains and losses,exchange gains and losses,fair value change gains and losses and other business income in order to define non-interest income more clearly. This chapter compares and distinguishes the three concepts of non-interest income, intermediate business income and off-balance-sheet business income. Finally, it further analyzes the characteristics of non-interest income, the volatility of non-interest income and its components, and the correlation coefficient between non-interest income and net interest income. This chapter draws the conclusion that the volatility of the growth rate of non-interest income is greater than that of net interest income, and the volatility of the growth rate of non-interest income components is in the following order: investment gains and losses, exchange gains and losses, changes in fair value gains and losses, other business income, handling fees and net Commission receipts. There is a positive correlation between non-interest income and net interest income, and there is a significant positive correlation between fees and commissions and net interest income, while investment gains and losses, exchange gains and losses, fair value changes and net interest income are negatively correlated. The structure of non interest income should be reasonably arranged.
The fourth part is the background and current situation of the development of non-interest income in China.Firstly, it explains the background of the development of non-interest income in recent years from four aspects: the marketization of interest rate, the deepening of comprehensive management, the acceleration of financial disintermediation and the pressure of financial supervision. This paper compares the non-interest income of state-owned holding banks, national joint-stock commercial banks and listed city commercial banks. The main conclusion is that the non-interest income of our country is increasing rapidly but the proportion is still low, and the net interest income is still the main source of income of our banking industry. Renewal fees and net commission income are the main components of non-interest income, other non-interest income is relatively low, and there is a big difference among different bank fees and net commission income structure.
The fifth part is an empirical study. This paper takes the quarterly data of 14 listed banks from 2007 to 2012 as a sample, constructs a panel data model and carries out regression analysis. It is divided into two steps to study the impact of non-interest income and its components on the performance of listed banks in China. The influence of non-interest income on stock returns is studied. The results show that the coefficients of non-interest income of the three groups are all positive, but the results are not significant. It is divided into commission and commission net income, investment gains and losses, exchange gains and losses, fair value change gains and losses, and other business income to study the impact of different components on bank performance. There is a significant positive relationship between other business income and bank performance. The results of other components are not significant. Finally, through a preliminary study on the causes of these results, the paper makes some suggestions for the next chapter.
The sixth part is some suggestions on the development of non-interest income. It mainly combines the development status of non-interest income of listed commercial banks in China and the empirical results of this paper. For state-owned holding banks, national joint-stock banks, listed city commercial banks, from the proportion of non-interest income, non-interest income structure, fees and commission income. From the perspective of increasing the proportion of non-interest income, state-owned holding banks should continue to take the road of comprehensive operation, establish a platform for mixed operation, rely on the real economy, and adhere to the policy of "going out". Listed city commercial banks can not be required to raise the proportion of non-interest income to the same level as state-owned holding banks because of their obvious regional characteristics and small scale, but should be positioned as community banks, while developing traditional interest income, to cross-cutting. For the non-interest income structure, the state-owned holding banks should further increase the percentage of handling fees and net Commission income, and introduce a large number of talents to control the risk in the investment income. In addition, they should take advantage of the opportunity of RMB internationalization to expand the exchange earnings. For national joint-stock banks and listed city businesses, they should continue to give play to their advantages in investment returns. They should be cautious and not expand blindly in exchange gains and losses. As for other non-interest businesses, joint-stock banks can also expand further through cooperation with non-financial institutions. Finally, this chapter puts forward some suggestions on how to optimize the structure of commission and commission income, including raising the revenue of financial management, optimizing the settlement and cash management services, increasing the innovation of asset custody business, and strengthening the construction of electronic banking business.
The seventh part is a summary and outlook. This part summarizes the general conclusions of this paper, puts forward some shortcomings of this paper and some prospects for future research. It points out that future samples can be further expanded to study the impact of non-interest income such as urban commercial banks, rural commercial banks, foreign banks on bank performance. It can also further subdivide the Commission and commission income to study the impact of different parts on bank performance. In addition, future research can also select the corresponding indicators to study the impact of non-interest income on bank security and liquidity.
The main innovation of this paper is that it further divides non-interest income into five parts: Commission and commission net income, investment gains and losses, exchange gains and losses, fair value change gains and losses, and other business income. This paper selects the quarterly data from 2007 to 2012, which not only makes the non-interest income statistical caliber more uniform, sample size larger, comparability higher, makes the conclusion more accurate, and has a certain degree of innovation.
The disadvantage of this paper is that the sample size of the listed city commercial banks is only three, because I can not get the relatively complete data of other city commercial banks, I did not take other city commercial banks into consideration in the sample. In addition, due to the limited space, this paper does not further analyze the impact of non-interest income and its components on the operational risk of banks, there are some shortcomings.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F832.33

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