本文選題：FDI + 貿(mào)易順差　； 參考：《山東師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：改革開放以來(lái)，中國(guó)的對(duì)外貿(mào)易發(fā)生了質(zhì)的飛躍，市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的實(shí)行更是加快了我國(guó)對(duì)外貿(mào)易的發(fā)展。自1994年以來(lái)，我國(guó)對(duì)外貿(mào)易便一直維持順差狀態(tài)，并且呈現(xiàn)持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)的態(tài)勢(shì)，累計(jì)了巨額的貿(mào)易順差。貿(mào)易順差為我國(guó)提供了豐富的外匯儲(chǔ)備，對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展起到了積極的促進(jìn)作用。但隨著順差規(guī)模的不斷擴(kuò)大，其消極影響日益顯現(xiàn)，貿(mào)易順差的過(guò)快增長(zhǎng)，加劇了我國(guó)與主要貿(mào)易伙伴之間的貿(mào)易摩擦，增加了我國(guó)對(duì)外貿(mào)易的成本，不利于我國(guó)對(duì)外貿(mào)易與經(jīng)濟(jì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。 在貿(mào)易順差快速增長(zhǎng)的同時(shí)，我國(guó)吸引的外商直接投資也不斷增加，并且外商直接投資對(duì)貿(mào)易順差的增長(zhǎng)有著不容小覷的影響。二者快速增長(zhǎng)的過(guò)程中都存著結(jié)構(gòu)不合理的問(wèn)題，主要都集中于加工貿(mào)易，并且外商也是順差創(chuàng)造的主體，因此，F(xiàn)DI通過(guò)加工貿(mào)易對(duì)我國(guó)貿(mào)易順差產(chǎn)生了重大影響，外商成為順差的實(shí)際受益者，而我國(guó)從中獲取的利益遠(yuǎn)小于預(yù)期。FDI對(duì)我國(guó)貿(mào)易順差的作用機(jī)制體現(xiàn)在三個(gè)方面：貿(mào)易互補(bǔ)效應(yīng)、貿(mào)易替代效應(yīng)及順差轉(zhuǎn)移效應(yīng)。一些亞洲的新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體通過(guò)在華綠地投資，直接擴(kuò)大了我國(guó)的外貿(mào)出口規(guī)模；歐美等發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家憑借自身技術(shù)優(yōu)勢(shì)，基于占領(lǐng)市場(chǎng)的目的，生產(chǎn)許多進(jìn)口替代產(chǎn)品，減少了我國(guó)的進(jìn)口，間接增加了貿(mào)易順差；日韓等國(guó)利用產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移的機(jī)會(huì)，將產(chǎn)品最后的組裝環(huán)節(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移到我國(guó)，，將本國(guó)對(duì)歐美的出口轉(zhuǎn)嫁給中國(guó)，增加了我國(guó)名義上的順差。 在規(guī)范分析的基礎(chǔ)上，本文通過(guò)實(shí)證分析，驗(yàn)證了FDI對(duì)貿(mào)易順差的確存在著正向影響，并且通過(guò)數(shù)據(jù)具體說(shuō)明了FDI如何通過(guò)上述三種效應(yīng)對(duì)我國(guó)貿(mào)易順差產(chǎn)生影響以及影響有多大。最后，基于FDI對(duì)貿(mào)易順差的影響，以經(jīng)濟(jì)與對(duì)外貿(mào)易和諧發(fā)展為出發(fā)點(diǎn)，本文就如何通過(guò)利用FDI增加我國(guó)貿(mào)易順差的實(shí)際收益提出了具有現(xiàn)實(shí)意義的政策建議：通過(guò)引導(dǎo)FDI進(jìn)入經(jīng)濟(jì)流動(dòng)性強(qiáng)的產(chǎn)業(yè)、豐富FDI利用方式、調(diào)整出口模式、嚴(yán)禁地方盲目引資攀比等措施，提高我國(guó)利用FDI質(zhì)量，增加實(shí)際收益；通過(guò)加快產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級(jí)、加強(qiáng)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新等措施，提高我國(guó)科技實(shí)力，完善產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)展；通過(guò)培育本國(guó)有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的跨國(guó)公司、政府扶持等措施，加快對(duì)外直接投資的步伐。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's foreign trade has made a qualitative leap, and the implementation of market economy has accelerated the development of China's foreign trade. Since 1994, China's foreign trade has been maintaining a surplus state, and showing a sustained growth situation, accumulated a huge trade surplus. The trade surplus provides China with abundant foreign exchange reserves and plays a positive role in promoting economic development. However, with the continuous expansion of surplus scale, its negative influence becomes increasingly apparent. The excessive growth of trade surplus intensifies the trade friction between China and its main trading partners and increases the cost of China's foreign trade. It is unfavorable to the sustainable development of our foreign trade and economy. With the rapid growth of the trade surplus, the foreign direct investment (FDI) attracted by our country is also increasing, and the foreign direct investment (FDI) has an important influence on the growth of the trade surplus. In the process of rapid growth, both of them have problems of unreasonable structure, which are mainly concentrated in processing trade, and foreign businessmen are also the main body of creating surplus, so FDI has a great influence on China's trade surplus through processing trade. Foreign businessmen become the actual beneficiaries of the surplus, and the benefits that our country obtains from it are far less than the expected. The mechanism of FDI acting on China's trade surplus is embodied in three aspects: trade complementary effect, trade substitution effect and surplus transfer effect. Some emerging Asian economies have directly expanded the scale of China's foreign trade exports through greenfield investment in China; developed countries such as Europe and the United States have relied on their own technological advantages to produce many imported substitute products for the purpose of occupying the market. Japan and South Korea take advantage of the opportunity of industrial transfer to transfer the final assembly of products to China and transfer their exports to Europe and the United States to China, thus increasing the nominal surplus of our country. On the basis of normative analysis, this paper verifies that FDI does have positive influence on trade surplus through empirical analysis. Through the data, the author explains how FDI affects China's trade surplus through the above three effects and how much impact it has on China's trade surplus. Finally, based on the impact of FDI on trade surplus, the harmonious development of economy and foreign trade is the starting point. This paper puts forward some practical policy suggestions on how to increase the actual income of China's trade surplus by using FDI: to guide FDI into industries with strong economic mobility, to enrich the mode of utilization of FDI, and to adjust the export mode. It is strictly prohibited for local governments to blindly attract investment and compare with other measures, to improve the quality of FDI utilization in China, to increase the actual income, to improve the scientific and technological strength of our country and to perfect the development of industrial structure by speeding up the upgrading of industrial structure, strengthening technological innovation, and so on. To speed up the pace of foreign direct investment (FDI) through the cultivation of competitive multinational corporations and government support and other measures.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F752;F832.6

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