本文選題：農(nóng)村金融 + 農(nóng)民資金互助合作社�。� 參考：《東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：能否為廣大農(nóng)民提供簡單快捷的貸款服務(wù)，是當前影響農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵性問題。我國農(nóng)村現(xiàn)存的正規(guī)農(nóng)村金融組織不但不能為農(nóng)民提供足夠的金融支持和資金保障，一定程度上還從農(nóng)村抽走了大量資金。尤其是在黑龍江省這樣的欠發(fā)達省份，金融機構(gòu)服務(wù)網(wǎng)點少，農(nóng)民很難獲得足夠的信貸資金支持，甚至連簡單的存款業(yè)務(wù)也不方便。目前正在試點的村鎮(zhèn)銀行和小額貸款公司由于數(shù)量少，且機構(gòu)大多都設(shè)在縣城，實際上并沒有提高農(nóng)村金融服務(wù)的覆蓋面，很多農(nóng)民仍舊無法從正規(guī)金融組織中得到貸款，而不得不進行民間借貸，往往又會形成高利貸，導(dǎo)致惡性循環(huán)甚至破產(chǎn)，農(nóng)民貸款難問題制約了農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展，要真正解決欠發(fā)達地區(qū)農(nóng)村金融服務(wù)問題，必須大力發(fā)展農(nóng)村農(nóng)民自己的組織——農(nóng)民資金互助合作社，農(nóng)民資金互助合作社就是在這樣的背景下應(yīng)運而生的。 2004年，，我國政府的中央一號文件就提出了要發(fā)展“多種所有制農(nóng)村金融”，我國眾多弱小農(nóng)戶就是在這一政策的引導(dǎo)下，開始了對資金互助合作社的大膽嘗試。農(nóng)民資金互助合作社的出現(xiàn)為解決這個問題提供了全新的思路，資金互助依靠廣大成員入股籌集資金，為生產(chǎn)、生活中需要資金的合作社成員提供一定的資金支持，其業(yè)務(wù)既具備信息對稱、交易成本低、手續(xù)簡單的特點，又具備正規(guī)金融機構(gòu)的組織性和規(guī)范性。農(nóng)民資金互助合作社的發(fā)展，在促進產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，緩解正規(guī)金融機構(gòu)在農(nóng)村供給不足，增加廣大農(nóng)民收入、實現(xiàn)規(guī)模經(jīng)濟效益等方面都發(fā)揮了良好的作用。但是，作為新生的農(nóng)村合作金融業(yè)務(wù)，無論是管理者還是廣大農(nóng)戶對其經(jīng)營和管理還缺乏足夠的認識，更沒有建立科學(xué)有效地風(fēng)險防范機制，在實際運作過程中所面臨的風(fēng)險不斷加大，這使得資金互助合作社在實際運作和持續(xù)發(fā)展方面潛伏著巨大的不確定性。 本文以黑龍江省10家具有代表性的農(nóng)民資金互助合作社為研究對象，通過對信用風(fēng)險、資金流動性風(fēng)險、管理風(fēng)險、法律風(fēng)險等一系列風(fēng)險的研究，得出信用風(fēng)險的成因主要受農(nóng)民個人素質(zhì)和生產(chǎn)、市場因素的影響，資金流動性風(fēng)險的成因主要有資金來源有限、政府扶持力度不足、資金可持續(xù)性差和流動性弱，管理風(fēng)險的成因主要是內(nèi)部管理不健全、監(jiān)管人員素質(zhì)方面較低，法律法規(guī)不健全等。結(jié)合國外農(nóng)村合作金融機構(gòu)風(fēng)險控制的經(jīng)驗和啟示對不同的風(fēng)險類型有針對性地提出對策及建議，并構(gòu)建一個科學(xué)合理的風(fēng)險控制機制，旨在提高黑龍江省農(nóng)民資金互助合作社的風(fēng)險防范能力，促進其健康持久發(fā)展，更好的為農(nóng)村及廣大農(nóng)民服務(wù)。通過對農(nóng)村金融風(fēng)險識別及控制的研究，也有助于補充和完善我國農(nóng)村新型金融機構(gòu)風(fēng)險防范理論，促進農(nóng)村金融市場健康發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:It is the key problem that affects the development of rural economy and society to provide simple and fast loan service for farmers. The existing formal rural financial organizations in rural areas not only can not provide enough financial support and fund security for farmers, but also drain a large amount of funds from rural areas to a certain extent. Especially in less developed provinces such as Heilongjiang Province, the financial institutions have few service network, it is difficult for farmers to get enough credit fund support, even simple deposit business is not convenient. Because of the small number of village and town banks and microfinance companies currently being piloted, and the fact that most of the institutions are located in counties, in fact, they have not improved the coverage of rural financial services, and many farmers still cannot obtain loans from formal financial organizations. But if we have to make private loans, it will often lead to usury, leading to vicious circle and even bankruptcy. The problem of farmers' loan difficulties has restricted the development of rural economy. We should really solve the problem of rural financial services in underdeveloped areas. It is necessary to develop rural farmers' own organization, Farmer Capital Mutual Cooperative, which came into being under this background. In 2004, the No. 1 document of the Central Committee of our government proposed the development of "multi-ownership rural finance". Under the guidance of this policy, a large number of small and weak peasant households in our country began to make a bold attempt on mutual fund co-operatives. The emergence of farmers' mutual fund cooperatives has provided a new way of thinking to solve this problem. Mutual fund mutual aid relies on the majority of members to take shares in order to raise funds and provide certain financial support for cooperative members who need funds in their production and daily life. Its business not only has the characteristics of information symmetry, low transaction cost, simple formalities, but also the organization and standardization of formal financial institutions. The development of farmers' mutual fund cooperative has played a good role in promoting the adjustment of industrial structure, alleviating the shortage of supply of formal financial institutions in rural areas, increasing the income of farmers and realizing the economic benefits of scale and so on. However, as a new rural cooperative finance business, both managers and farmers lack sufficient understanding of its management and management, and have not established a scientific and effective risk prevention mechanism. The risks in the actual operation process are increasing, which makes mutual fund cooperatives in the actual operation and sustainable development of latent great uncertainty. This article takes 10 representative farmers' mutual fund cooperative in Heilongjiang Province as the research object, through the research on a series of risks, such as credit risk, fund liquidity risk, management risk, legal risk, etc. It is concluded that the causes of credit risk are mainly affected by farmers' personal quality and production, and market factors. The main causes of liquidity risk are limited capital sources, insufficient government support, poor sustainability of funds and weak liquidity. The main causes of risk management are imperfect internal management, low quality of supervisors, imperfect laws and regulations, etc. Combined with the experience and inspiration of risk control of foreign rural cooperative financial institutions, this paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions for different risk types, and constructs a scientific and reasonable risk control mechanism. The aim of this paper is to improve the risk prevention ability of farmers' mutual fund cooperative in Heilongjiang Province, promote its healthy and lasting development, and better serve the rural areas and the broad masses of farmers. The research on the identification and control of rural financial risks will also be helpful to supplement and improve the theory of risk prevention of new rural financial institutions and promote the healthy development of rural financial markets.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F832.35

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