本文選題：小額貸款公司 + 籌資模式　； 參考：《安徽大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：最早源于孟加拉國的小額擔(dān)保貸款形式,在上世紀(jì)70年代,穆罕穆德·尤努斯于孟加拉國創(chuàng)辦孟加拉農(nóng)業(yè)銀行格萊珉(Grameen,意思是鄉(xiāng)村)試驗(yàn)分行,格萊珉小額信貸模式逐漸開始形成。尤努斯提出了改革資本主義,原始的資本主義的本性是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和資本追逐利潤,尤努斯提出的理論是變革原來的資本模式。就我國而論,上世紀(jì)90年代末,隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整力度加大,企業(yè)改革進(jìn)一步深化,引發(fā)就業(yè)以及再就業(yè)形式極為嚴(yán)峻。為了發(fā)揮金融在支持再就業(yè)以及搞活中小企業(yè)、刺激國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和資金的合理分配,我國于1999年開始發(fā)展小額擔(dān)保貸款,但由于我國的小額擔(dān)保貸款業(yè)務(wù)發(fā)展的較晚,相關(guān)政策并不完善,尤其是對(duì)小額擔(dān)保貸款機(jī)構(gòu)的性質(zhì)問題不能明朗化,導(dǎo)致刺激國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的能力有限,2004年財(cái)政部下發(fā)了《財(cái)政部、中國人民銀行、勞動(dòng)與社會(huì)保障部關(guān)于推進(jìn)下崗失業(yè)人員小額貸款工作、財(cái)政支持政策具體實(shí)施意見》,將小額貸款支持創(chuàng)業(yè)的政策具體化,完善化,從而推動(dòng)了小額貸款的發(fā)展。隨著小額擔(dān)保貸款工作的推進(jìn)和金融系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展,各種相關(guān)政策、機(jī)構(gòu)和機(jī)制也在不斷的完善之中。2007年和2008年銀監(jiān)會(huì)分別頒布了《中國銀監(jiān)會(huì)關(guān)于銀行業(yè)金融機(jī)構(gòu)大力發(fā)展農(nóng)村小額貸款業(yè)務(wù)的指導(dǎo)意見》和《中國銀行業(yè)監(jiān)督管理委員會(huì)、中國人民銀行關(guān)于小額貸款公司試點(diǎn)的管理意見》。同時(shí),2008年8月,中國人民銀行、財(cái)政部、勞動(dòng)保障部出臺(tái)了《關(guān)于進(jìn)一步改進(jìn)小額擔(dān)保貸款管理積極推動(dòng)創(chuàng)業(yè)促進(jìn)就業(yè)的通知》等。這些政策與相關(guān)的地方政策一起構(gòu)成了小額貸款促進(jìn)創(chuàng)業(yè)、帶動(dòng)就業(yè)的政策體系。截止到2013年第一季度,我國的小額擔(dān)保機(jī)構(gòu)呈現(xiàn)了多元化、快速化發(fā)展圖線。尤其是中國小額信貸聯(lián)盟的成立,對(duì)整合中國小額貸款機(jī)構(gòu)的資源是有十分重要的意義。 但是小額擔(dān)保機(jī)構(gòu)的融資模式以及存在的問題和創(chuàng)新也是我們面臨的一大難題。在中國共產(chǎn)黨十八大中,明確表示,支持合理民間資本整合融資,支持小額擔(dān)保機(jī)構(gòu)的發(fā)展,促進(jìn)其在經(jīng)濟(jì)生活中的重要作用。由此形式,可以看出研究中國小額擔(dān)保公司融資模式與創(chuàng)新是具有歷史和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本文就在這方面入手,真正探討我國小額擔(dān)保機(jī)構(gòu)的融資模式,存在的問題和解決的辦法和創(chuàng)新。希望能對(duì)我國小額擔(dān)保機(jī)構(gòu)的發(fā)展起到積極的作用。
[Abstract]:The earliest form of microfinance loans originated in Bangladesh. In the 1970s, Muhammad Yunus founded the Grameen Grameenen branch of the Bangladesh Agricultural Bank in Bangladesh. Grameen micro-credit model gradually began to form. Yunus put forward the reform of capitalism, the nature of primitive capitalism is competition and capital chasing profits, Yunus' theory is to change the original capital model. As far as our country is concerned, at the end of 1990s, with the increase of economic structure adjustment, the enterprise reform is further deepened, and the employment and re-employment forms are extremely severe. In order to give full play to finance in supporting re-employment, invigorating small and medium-sized enterprises, stimulating the development of national economy and rational distribution of funds, China began to develop micro-guarantee loans in 1999, but because of the late development of micro-guarantee loans in our country, The relevant policies are not perfect, especially the lack of clarity on the nature of micro-guarantee lending institutions, resulting in limited ability to stimulate the national economy. In 2004, the Ministry of Finance issued the Ministry of Finance, the people's Bank of China, Suggestions of the Ministry of Labor and Social Security on promoting the small loan work of the laid-off and unemployed people and the concrete implementation of the financial support policy, the policy of supporting the undertaking of the small loan is concretized and perfected, thus promoting the development of the small loan. With the advancement of microfinance and the development of the financial system, various related policies, In 2007 and 2008, respectively, the CBRC promulgated the guidelines of the China Banking Regulatory Commission on the vigorous Development of Rural Microcredit by Banking institutions and the China Banking Regulatory Commission. "opinions of the people's Bank of China on the pilot projects of small loan companies." At the same time, in August 2008, the people's Bank of China, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Labor and Security issued the Circular on further improving the Management of small guarantee loans and actively promoting Entrepreneurship and promoting Employment. Together with relevant local policies, these policies constitute a policy system for promoting entrepreneurship and employment. As of the first quarter of 2013, the micro-guarantee institutions in China have diversified and developed rapidly. In particular, the establishment of China Microcredit Alliance is of great significance to the integration of the resources of Chinese microfinance institutions. However, the financing model and existing problems and innovations of micro-guarantee institutions are also a big problem we face. At the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, it was made clear that it supported rational private capital consolidation and financing, supported the development of micro-guarantee institutions, and promoted their important role in economic life. From this form, we can see that it is of historical and practical significance to study the financing mode and innovation of Chinese micro-guarantee companies. This paper discusses the financing mode, existing problems, solutions and innovations of the micro-guarantee institutions in China. Hope to play a positive role in the development of small-scale guarantee institutions in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F832.39;F275

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