本文選題：中小企業(yè)信用擔保體系 + 銀擔合作��； 參考：《西南財經(jīng)大學》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：在中小企業(yè)融資過程中,引入信用擔保,可以弱化中小企業(yè)抵押不足、信用記錄不全等造成的融資障礙,進而提高中小企業(yè)的信用等級,分擔金融機構(gòu)的貸款風險。在國外實踐中,信用擔保也被證明是政府支持中小企業(yè)發(fā)展的有效手段之一。鑒于我國中小企業(yè)以銀行信貸等間接融資為主,為解決中小企業(yè)融資困境,我國從20世紀90年代開始探索建立信用擔保體系,以提升中小企業(yè)的信用等級,解決其間接融資問題。 近十幾年來,信用擔保機構(gòu)在數(shù)量上快速增長的同時,也暴露出一些問題。一直以來,銀行與擔保機構(gòu)在開展合作方面也并不順暢,而作為信用擔保體系的兩大參與主體,二者建立起穩(wěn)定的合作關(guān)系,是中小企業(yè)信用擔保體系有效運作的基礎(chǔ)之一。而如果這個問題不能有效解決,將直接影響我國中小企業(yè)信用擔保體系在解決中小企業(yè)融資問題時作用的發(fā)揮；長期來看,也將影響我國信用擔保體系的健康發(fā)展。因此,以“中小企業(yè)信用擔保機構(gòu)與銀行的合作”為研究主線,通過對我國中小企業(yè)信用擔保體系的現(xiàn)狀以及阻礙我國銀擔合作的因素分析,在國際比較研究的基礎(chǔ)上結(jié)合我國銀擔合作的問題,提出自己的建議。這對于“目前我國擔保機構(gòu)數(shù)量多、但銀擔合作卻并未廣泛開展,信用擔保體系作用不能有效發(fā)揮”的問題具有現(xiàn)實意義。 國內(nèi)學者圍繞如何完善信用擔保體系、體系的模式選擇、如何有效控制風險以及政策性、互助性和商業(yè)性擔保機構(gòu)分別在各地的經(jīng)營發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀和問題等方面作了廣泛的研究。并且對于我國應該建立以哪種模式為主導的信用擔保體系進行了廣泛地爭論。同時,關(guān)于中小企業(yè)信用擔保體系有效運作的研究中,雖然普遍提出了應該加強信用擔保機構(gòu)與銀行的合作,指出二者建立穩(wěn)定的合作關(guān)系對于我國中小企業(yè)信用擔保體系發(fā)揮作用具有重要意義。但是,大部分都只是在相關(guān)研究中以政策建議的形式附帶提出。專門從信用擔保機構(gòu)與銀行的合作這方面進行的研究比較少,或者有的僅從微觀層面研究兩者合作的風險分擔機理和風險控制問題。對于兩者合作開展的具體問題以及促進兩者建立穩(wěn)定協(xié)作關(guān)系的安排等方面,則研究得較少。 因此,本文以“信用擔保機構(gòu)與銀行的合作”為研究主線和落腳點,通過理論分析與規(guī)范研究相結(jié)合,從宏觀和微觀不同角度,以“加強信用擔保機構(gòu)與銀行的合作并對促成合作的安排提出建議”為目標,進行了比較深入、系統(tǒng)的研究。 本文的內(nèi)容框架如下： (1)緒論。闡述了選題的背景與研究的意義,對國內(nèi)外研究文獻進行歸納與評價的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了本文的研究思路和方法。 (2)中小企業(yè)信用擔保機構(gòu)與銀行合作的理論基礎(chǔ)。本章首先運用相關(guān)經(jīng)濟學理論說明信用擔保機構(gòu)存在的意義,并借助簡化的博弈分析以及供求分析模型,從微觀分析的角度對信用擔保介入信貸市場后如何促進信貸市場優(yōu)化改進進行了簡要的闡述；接著在分析了我國中小企業(yè)融資現(xiàn)狀以及導致融資困境的原因后,指出構(gòu)建信用擔保體系是中小企業(yè)發(fā)展的客觀要求；并在此基礎(chǔ)上進一步從中小企業(yè)、銀行等金融機構(gòu)以及政府的不同角度,闡述了銀擔建立穩(wěn)定合作關(guān)系的必要性。 (3)我國中小企業(yè)信用擔保機構(gòu)與銀行合作的問題及障礙分析。本章在簡要分析了我國信用擔保體系發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀和存在的問題的基礎(chǔ)上,引出了本文所要研究的問題“中小企業(yè)信用擔保機構(gòu)與銀行的合作”,并具體分析了現(xiàn)階段我國銀擔合作中存在的一些問題。接著分別從合作雙方——銀行和信用擔保機構(gòu)以及外部環(huán)境方面,具體分析了我國銀擔合作中存在的障礙。 通過本章的研究,進一步指出加強銀擔合作對于以銀行信貸融資為主要融資渠道的中小企業(yè)獲得融資支持具有重要意義,同時也是銀行拓展中小企業(yè)業(yè)務(wù)的同時合理控制風險的有利嘗試,也是我國中小企業(yè)信用擔保體系發(fā)揮現(xiàn)實作用的保障。 (4)信用擔保機構(gòu)與銀行合作的國際比較與啟示。本章主要從各國中小企業(yè)融資的信用擔保實施主體與協(xié)作銀行開展合作的角度,在分別分析了日本、美國、韓國以及德國信用擔保體系基本架構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)上,歸納總結(jié)了各個國家促成這種合作的有利條件以及協(xié)作雙方開展合作的具體形式。并進一步以實收制以及權(quán)責制這兩種不同資金運作方式的中小企業(yè)信用擔保體系為框架,分別總結(jié)了兩個體系下銀擔合作的基本模式。最后,在對比分析的基礎(chǔ)上,歸納了有益的啟示與借鑒。本章寫作的目的在于通過這種對比分析,在歸納借鑒國外促進銀擔合作的有利安排的同時,結(jié)合前文對我國銀擔合作的阻礙因素分析,提出自己有針對性地建議。 (5)加強我國銀擔合作的政策建議。本章在全文分析的基礎(chǔ)上,重點結(jié)合第三、四章的分析,從銀行與擔保機構(gòu)、改善銀擔合作的外部環(huán)境以及中小企業(yè)信用擔保體系的構(gòu)建方面提出了一些加強我國銀擔合作的對策建議。主要包括宏觀上對我國信用擔保體系重新進行規(guī)范整合以及具體的一些銀行與擔保機構(gòu)方面可以做出的改進。 本文在目前探討中小企業(yè)信用擔保體系有效運作的研究框架中,選取了現(xiàn)在制約我國中小企業(yè)信用擔保體系發(fā)揮作用的一大問題——銀行與擔保機構(gòu)的合作不通暢,以此作為研究的主線與落腳點；二者作為中小企業(yè)信用擔保體系的兩大參與主體,它們能否順暢地開展協(xié)作、建立穩(wěn)定的合作關(guān)系,將直接關(guān)系到我國中小企業(yè)信用擔保體系能否有效發(fā)揮作用的問題、其建立的初衷——解決我國中小企業(yè)融資困境能否達成。 因此,通過本文的研究,從銀行與擔保機構(gòu)、改善銀擔合作的外部環(huán)境以及中小企業(yè)信用擔保體系的構(gòu)建三個方面,對加強銀擔合作提出了相關(guān)政策建議。針對體系構(gòu)建框架提出應該整合各地的政策性擔保機構(gòu),成立區(qū)域性的信用擔保機構(gòu)(基金),以此為主體統(tǒng)一與銀行建立穩(wěn)定的合作關(guān)系；信用擔保機構(gòu)(基金)以地方財政資金為主要支撐,此外,通過政策規(guī)定協(xié)作金融機構(gòu)按一定的標準向其捐助資金,并在具體擔保業(yè)務(wù)開展中可采取對協(xié)作金融機構(gòu)綜合評分、分層次授權(quán)的形式。而針對目前數(shù)量眾多、資金規(guī)模普遍偏小的民營擔保機構(gòu),加強引導規(guī)范、整合歸并的同時,區(qū)域性信用擔保機構(gòu)(基金)可按一定條件將其發(fā)展為業(yè)務(wù)合作伙伴,作為他們與銀行開展合作的溝通橋梁。 由于有關(guān)全國范圍內(nèi)擔保機構(gòu)運行狀況的基本數(shù)據(jù)和資料不能有效獲取,各省、市等地方有關(guān)擔保機構(gòu)發(fā)展的基本數(shù)據(jù)也難以獲得,因此在我國擔保體系發(fā)展以及銀擔合作的現(xiàn)狀研究中,缺少完善的數(shù)據(jù)佐證,無法進行更加深入地定量分析來說明問題；鑒于能力和時間有限,在我國銀擔合作的障礙及原因分析中,對部分業(yè)內(nèi)人士進行了訪談,以求對問題的說明更具有針對性,但未能進行深入的調(diào)查研究,獲取銀行和擔保機構(gòu)的第一手資料進行更加全面的分析。
[Abstract]:In the process of financing for small and medium-sized enterprises, the introduction of credit guarantee can weaken the financing barriers caused by the insufficient mortgage of small and medium-sized enterprises and the incomplete credit records, and then improve the credit rating of small and medium-sized enterprises and share the loan risks of the financial institutions. In foreign practice, credit guarantee is also proved to be an effective means by the government to support the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. In order to solve the financing dilemma of small and medium sized enterprises, China began to establish a credit guarantee system in 1990s, in order to solve the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises, in order to improve the credit rating of small and medium-sized enterprises and to solve the problem of indirect financing.
In the past ten years, the credit guarantee institution has also exposed some problems while the number of the credit guarantee institutions has increased rapidly. The banks and the guarantee institutions have not been smooth in cooperation. As the two major participants of the credit guarantee system, the two parties have established a stable cooperative relationship, which is the effective operation of the credit guarantee system of small and medium-sized enterprises. If this problem can not be solved effectively, it will directly affect the role played by the credit guarantee system of SMEs in solving the financing problems of small and medium-sized enterprises. In the long run, it will also affect the healthy development of the credit guarantee system in China. Therefore, the "cooperation between the credit guarantee institutions and the banks" is the main research subject. Line, through the analysis of the current situation of the credit guarantee system of small and medium enterprises in China and the factors that impede the cooperation of China's silver load, this paper puts forward our own suggestions on the basis of the international comparative study and the cooperation of China's silver load. This is "the number of our guarantee institutions is large, but the cooperation of silver load has not been widely carried out, and the credit guarantee system is made." It is of practical significance to use the problem of "failure to give full play".
The domestic scholars have made extensive research on how to improve the system of credit guarantee, the mode selection of the system, how to effectively control the risk and policy, the mutual benefit and the commercial guarantee institutions in the various areas of the current situation and problems, and other aspects of the credit guarantee system which should be built in our country. At the same time, in the study of the effective operation of the credit guarantee system for small and medium-sized enterprises, although the cooperation between the credit guarantee institutions and the banks should be strengthened, it is pointed out that the establishment of a stable cooperative relationship between the two parties is of great significance to the role of the credit guarantee system for small and medium-sized enterprises in China. In the related research, it is put forward in the form of policy recommendations. There are few studies on the cooperation between credit guarantee institutions and banks, or some research on the risk sharing mechanism and risk control of the two cooperation only from the micro level. There is less research on the arrangement of the relationship.
Therefore, this article takes "the cooperation between the credit guarantee institution and the bank" as the main line and the foothold. Through the combination of theoretical analysis and normative research, from the macro and micro perspectives, the aim is to "strengthen the cooperation between the credit guarantee institutions and the banks and make suggestions for the arrangement of cooperation".
The content framework of this article is as follows:
(1) introduction. It expounds the background and significance of the topic, and on the basis of summarizing and evaluating the research literature at home and abroad, puts forward the research ideas and methods of this paper.
(2) the theoretical basis of the cooperation between credit guarantee institutions and banks in small and medium-sized enterprises. This chapter first uses the theory of relevant economics to explain the significance of the existence of credit guarantee institutions, and with the help of a simplified game analysis and supply and demand analysis model, from the perspective of microanalysis, how to improve credit market optimization and improvement after the credit guarantee market is involved in credit market. After a brief introduction, after analyzing the current situation of SMEs' financing and the causes of the financing difficulties, it is pointed out that the construction of credit guarantee system is the objective requirement for the development of small and medium enterprises, and on this basis, it further expounds the stability of the bank from the different angles of the small and medium enterprises, banks and other financial institutions as well as the government. The necessity of a cooperative relationship.
(3) the analysis of the problems and obstacles of cooperation between credit guarantee institutions and banks in China's SMEs. On the basis of the brief analysis of the current development and existing problems of the credit guarantee system in China, this chapter leads to the question "the cooperation between the credit guarantee institutions of small and medium enterprises" and the concrete analysis of the current stage of China's silver. Some of the problems that exist in the cooperation, and then from the sides of the cooperation, banks and credit guarantee institutions and the external environment, the obstacles in the cooperation of China's silver load are analyzed.
Through the study of this chapter, it is further pointed out that strengthening the cooperation of silver load is of great significance to the financing support of small and medium-sized enterprises with bank credit financing as the main financing channel. At the same time, it is also a favorable attempt to expand the business of small and medium-sized enterprises and control the risk at the same time. It is also the reality of the credit guarantee system of small and medium-sized enterprises in China. The guarantee for use.
(4) the international comparison and Enlightenment of the cooperation between the credit guarantee institution and the bank. This chapter mainly analyzes the basic framework of the credit guarantee system in Japan, the United States, the Republic of Korea and Germany on the basis of the basic framework of the credit guarantee system in Japan, the United States, the Republic of Korea and Germany. The favorable conditions for the work and the concrete forms of cooperation between the two parties. And further to the framework of the credit guarantee system of small and medium-sized enterprises with two different modes of operation of cash and responsibility system, the basic model of the cooperation between the two systems is summarized. Finally, the useful enlightenment and the enlightenment are summarized on the basis of the comparison analysis. The purpose of this chapter is to use this comparative analysis to draw on the favorable arrangement of promoting the cooperation of silver in foreign countries, and to put forward some pertinent suggestions on the basis of the analysis of obstacles in the cooperation of silver load in our country.
(5) to strengthen the policy suggestions of China's silver load cooperation. On the basis of the full text analysis, this chapter focuses on the analysis of the third, fourth chapters, and puts forward some suggestions to strengthen the cooperation of China's silver load from the bank and the guarantee institution, the improvement of the external environment of the cooperation of the silver load and the construction of the credit guarantee system of small and medium-sized enterprises. The improvement of the credit guarantee system in China should be reintegrated and some specific banks and guarantee institutions can be improved.
In the research framework of the effective operation of the credit guarantee system of small and medium-sized enterprises, this paper selects a major problem that restricts the role of the credit guarantee system of small and medium-sized enterprises in China now - the cooperation between the banks and the guarantee institutions is not smooth, which is the main line and the foothold of the research; the two are the credit guarantee system of small and medium-sized enterprises. The two major participants, whether they can cooperate smoothly and establish a stable cooperative relationship, will directly relate to the problem that the credit guarantee system of small and medium enterprises in our country can play an effective role. The original intention of the establishment is to solve the financing difficulties of small and medium enterprises in China.
Therefore, through the study of this paper, from three aspects, the bank and the guarantee institution, the improvement of the external environment of the cooperation of the bank and the construction of the credit guarantee system of small and medium enterprises, the relevant policy suggestions are put forward to strengthen the cooperation of the silver load. The organization (Fund) is the main body to establish a stable cooperative relationship with the bank, and the Credit Guarantee Agency (Fund) is mainly supported by local financial funds. In addition, through the policy provisions, the cooperative financial institutions can contribute funds to the financial institutions according to certain standards, and the comprehensive evaluation of the cooperative financial institutions can be taken in the development of the specific guarantee industry. At the same time, the regional credit guarantee institutions (funds) can develop them into business partners according to certain conditions, as a bridge for their cooperation with the banks.
As the basic data and data on the running status of guarantee agencies in the country can not be effectively obtained, the basic data about the development of guarantee institutions in all provinces, cities and other places are difficult to obtain. Therefore, in the research of the development of the guarantee system and the current situation of the cooperation of the Bank of China, the lack of data from the good is lacking. Analysis to explain the problem; in view of the limited ability and time, in the analysis of the obstacles and reasons for the cooperation of silver load in China, some people in the industry were interviewed in order to be more pertinent to the explanation of the problem, but failed to carry out in-depth investigation and study, and to obtain a more comprehensive analysis of the first hand information of banks and guarantee institutions.

【學位授予單位】：西南財經(jīng)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F832.39;F832.33

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