基于風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分擔(dān)的存貨質(zhì)押契約研究
本文選題:存貨質(zhì)押業(yè)務(wù) + 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分擔(dān) ; 參考:《西南交通大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文
【摘要】:作為供應(yīng)鏈金融的核心環(huán)節(jié),存貨質(zhì)押業(yè)務(wù)涉及銀行、物流企業(yè)及有融資需求的中小企業(yè)等多方主體,這些參與主體之間具有多重委托代理關(guān)系。在委托監(jiān)管模式的存貨質(zhì)押業(yè)務(wù)中,銀行作為委托人,物流企業(yè)作為代理人,兩者之間存在信息不對(duì)稱。銀行為了激勵(lì)物流企業(yè)對(duì)質(zhì)押物進(jìn)行努力監(jiān)管,往往讓物流企業(yè)承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn),以防止其與融資企業(yè)的合謀行為,而這種激勵(lì)往往是通過設(shè)計(jì)與物流企業(yè)共擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的契約來實(shí)現(xiàn)的。近年來,銀行為了進(jìn)一步簡(jiǎn)化操作程序,降低交易成本,與物流企業(yè)合作開展基于統(tǒng)一授信模式的存貨質(zhì)押業(yè)務(wù)。在這一業(yè)務(wù)中,銀行與物流企業(yè)簽訂由物流企業(yè)承擔(dān)完全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的契約。面對(duì)不同的融資對(duì)象及金融環(huán)境,設(shè)計(jì)合理的契約是保障存貨質(zhì)押業(yè)務(wù)順利開展的前提。此外,設(shè)計(jì)最優(yōu)契約不僅能夠降低信貸風(fēng)險(xiǎn),還能夠提高銀行及物流企業(yè)的利潤(rùn)。 文章首先從模式創(chuàng)新、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制、主體決策及激勵(lì)契約等方面回顧了近年來存貨質(zhì)押業(yè)務(wù)的國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀;然后分析了存貨質(zhì)押業(yè)務(wù)的幾種主要業(yè)務(wù)模式;接著從物流企業(yè)的角度分析了存貨質(zhì)押業(yè)務(wù)的監(jiān)管操作及風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制過程。在此基礎(chǔ)上,分別建立了委托監(jiān)管模式下的固定費(fèi)率契約模型,風(fēng)險(xiǎn)共擔(dān)模式下的線性分成契約模型和統(tǒng)一授信模式下的完全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)契約模型。之后,對(duì)模型進(jìn)行求解、對(duì)均衡結(jié)果進(jìn)行了對(duì)比分析。結(jié)果顯示:相比傳統(tǒng)委托監(jiān)管模式和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)共擔(dān)模式,統(tǒng)一授信模式下的物流企業(yè)監(jiān)管努力水平更高;在委托監(jiān)管模式存貨質(zhì)押業(yè)務(wù)中,物流企業(yè)的收益水平主要取決于其保留收益水平,大部分的信貸利潤(rùn)都被銀行獲得,而在統(tǒng)一授信存貨質(zhì)押業(yè)務(wù)中,物流企業(yè)能獲得比銀行更高的收益;銀行根據(jù)中小企業(yè)的違約率高低設(shè)計(jì)不同的契約,當(dāng)融資的中小企業(yè)違約率較低時(shí),銀行偏好于與物流企業(yè)簽訂線性分成契約,開展委托代理模式的存貨質(zhì)押業(yè)務(wù),當(dāng)中小企業(yè)違約率偏高時(shí),銀行為了規(guī)避風(fēng)險(xiǎn),提高收益,更愿意與物流企業(yè)簽訂完全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)契約,開展統(tǒng)一授信存貨質(zhì)押業(yè)務(wù),而且此時(shí)開展統(tǒng)一授信存貨質(zhì)押業(yè)務(wù)的貸款利率更低,更能刺激中小企業(yè)的融資需求,繁榮信貸市場(chǎng)。 最后,結(jié)合算例驗(yàn)證了模型的合理性及結(jié)論的正確性。研究得到的結(jié)論對(duì)存貨質(zhì)押業(yè)務(wù)中銀行與物流企業(yè)的決策具有一定的參考價(jià)值和指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:As the core link of supply chain finance, inventory pledge business involves banks, logistics enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises with financing needs and so on. In the inventory pledge business in the mode of entrustment supervision, there is information asymmetry between the bank as the principal and the logistics enterprise as the agent. In order to encourage the logistics enterprises to supervise the pledge, the banks often let the logistics enterprises bear the risk to prevent their collusion with the financing enterprises, and this incentive is often realized by designing the contract of sharing the risks with the logistics enterprises. In recent years, in order to further simplify operation procedures and reduce transaction costs, banks cooperate with logistics enterprises to carry out inventory pledge business based on unified credit mode. In this business, the bank and the logistics enterprise signed by the logistics enterprise bear the complete risk contract. In the face of different financing objects and financial environment, designing reasonable contracts is the premise to guarantee the smooth development of inventory pledge business. In addition, designing optimal contracts can not only reduce credit risk, but also improve the profits of banks and logistics enterprises. This paper reviews the domestic and foreign research status of inventory pledge business in recent years from the aspects of model innovation, risk control, principal decision making and incentive contract, and then analyzes several main business models of inventory pledge business. Then it analyzes the supervision operation and risk control process of inventory pledge business from the point of view of logistics enterprise. On this basis, the fixed rate contract model under the principal-supervision model, the linear division contract model under the risk-sharing model and the complete risk contract model under the unified credit mode are established respectively. Then, the model is solved and the equilibrium results are compared and analyzed. The results show that: compared with the traditional principal-supervision model and risk-sharing mode, the level of supervision efforts of logistics enterprises under the unified credit mode is higher; in the entrusted supervision mode, the inventory pledge business, The income level of logistics enterprises mainly depends on the level of retained income, most of the credit profits are obtained by banks, but in the unified credit inventory pledge business, logistics enterprises can get higher returns than the banks. Banks design different contracts according to the default rate of SMEs. When the default rate of SMEs is low, banks prefer to sign linear sharing contracts with logistics enterprises to carry out the inventory pledge business of principal-agent mode. When the default rate of small and medium-sized enterprises is on the high side, banks are more willing to sign complete risk contracts with logistics enterprises in order to avoid risks and improve returns. At this time, the loan interest rate of unified credit inventory pledge business is lower, which can stimulate the financing demand of small and medium-sized enterprises and flourish the credit market. Finally, the rationality of the model and the correctness of the conclusion are verified by an example. The conclusion of the study has certain reference value and guiding significance for the decision of banks and logistics enterprises in inventory pledge business.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2013
【分類號(hào)】:F830.5;F253
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