本文選題：小額信貸 + 農(nóng)村反貧困��； 參考：《浙江大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：對(duì)貧困問題的研究是社會(huì)保障研究的重要課題。隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)總量的高速增長,人民整體生活水平的不斷提高,社會(huì)中的貧困問題卻愈發(fā)嚴(yán)重,貧富差距日益拉大。消除貧困、促進(jìn)社會(huì)發(fā)展,也一直是聯(lián)合國等國際組織與各國政府機(jī)構(gòu)的核心目標(biāo)。在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中,為貧困群體提供基本的生活保障,并促使他們脫貧致富、走向經(jīng)濟(jì)自立,是政府的一項(xiàng)基本責(zé)任。中國作為一個(gè)迅速成長起來的發(fā)展中大國,其貧困問題,尤其是農(nóng)村地區(qū)的貧困問題一直受到政府以及全世界的關(guān)注。中國政府通過三十余年的反貧困實(shí)踐,在農(nóng)村扶貧事業(yè)上取得了舉世矚目的成績。然而,中國農(nóng)村的貧困問題依然十分嚴(yán)峻。以最低生活保障為基礎(chǔ)的社會(huì)救助制度是針對(duì)農(nóng)村貧困者的基本社會(huì)政策,但其并未有效緩解農(nóng)村貧困問題。因此,在完善以收入為基礎(chǔ)的社會(huì)政策的同時(shí),應(yīng)當(dāng)建立以開發(fā)式扶貧為導(dǎo)向的發(fā)展型社會(huì)政策,通過各類資本的投入,幫助農(nóng)村貧困者運(yùn)用自身力量脫貧致富。 小額信貸作為一種針對(duì)低收入人群的、帶有社會(huì)扶貧性質(zhì)的金融服務(wù),在全球范圍內(nèi)產(chǎn)生了巨大影響。它既是一項(xiàng)將社會(huì)創(chuàng)新與扶貧到戶有機(jī)統(tǒng)一的金融活動(dòng),又是一種融合經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與社會(huì)發(fā)展功能為一體的扶貧工具。在過去的30年,各國紛紛實(shí)踐推廣小額信貸項(xiàng)目。聯(lián)合國將2005年定為小額信貸年,并提出將金融服務(wù)惠及社會(huì)各個(gè)階層和群體的“普惠金融”理念。中國自20世紀(jì)90年代引入小額信貸以來,該政策在農(nóng)村地區(qū)得到了迅速發(fā)展,為農(nóng)村反貧困和社會(huì)發(fā)展做出了重要貢獻(xiàn),也面臨了許多問題和挑戰(zhàn)。 本研究通過文獻(xiàn)回顧介紹了國際小額信貸的發(fā)展情況,總結(jié)了國際經(jīng)驗(yàn)和趨勢,并結(jié)合中國小額信貸的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r提出借鑒意義；本文亦闡述了中國小額信貸的發(fā)展階段、供需主體,及面臨的主要挑戰(zhàn)。在文獻(xiàn)分析基礎(chǔ)上,本研究通過走入農(nóng)戶的實(shí)地調(diào)研,與農(nóng)村地區(qū)小額信貸的不同參與主體進(jìn)行觀察和深入訪談,從而了解小額信貸在當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)村發(fā)展的實(shí)際狀況和面臨的困難,通過經(jīng)驗(yàn)資料的分析和理論探討,論述了小額信貸政策在農(nóng)村地區(qū)實(shí)踐中遇到的困境和問題,并提出了相關(guān)政策建議。也為今后小額信貸反貧困的研究提供實(shí)證經(jīng)驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:The study of poverty is an important subject of social security research. With the rapid growth of the total amount of social economy and the continuous improvement of the overall living standard of the people, the poverty problem in the society is becoming more and more serious, and the gap between the rich and the poor is widening day by day. Poverty eradication and social development have also been the core goals of international organizations and government agencies such as the United Nations. In modern society, it is the basic responsibility of the government to provide the poor groups with basic living security, and to promote them to get rid of poverty and become rich. As a rapidly growing developing country, China's poverty problem, especially in rural areas, has been concerned by the government and the whole world. Through more than 30 years of anti-poverty practice, the Chinese government has made remarkable achievements in poverty alleviation in rural areas. However, China's rural poverty problem is still very serious. The social assistance system based on the minimum living security is a basic social policy for the rural poor, but it has not effectively alleviated the rural poverty problem. Therefore, while perfecting the social policy based on income, we should establish development-oriented development-oriented social policy to help the rural poor to use their own strength to get rid of poverty and become rich through the input of various kinds of capital. As a kind of financial service with the nature of social poverty alleviation, micro-credit has had a great impact on the whole world. It is not only a financial activity that unifies social innovation and poverty alleviation to households, but also a poverty alleviation tool that integrates the functions of economic development and social development. In the past 30 years, countries have practiced the promotion of microcredit projects. The United Nations designated 2005 as the year of Microcredit, and proposed the idea of inclusive finance, which benefits all sectors and groups of society. Since the introduction of micro-credit in the 1990s, the policy has developed rapidly in rural areas, which has made important contributions to the rural anti-poverty and social development, and has also faced many problems and challenges. This study reviewed the development of international microfinance, summarized the international experience and trends, and combined with the development of microfinance in China to put forward the significance of reference, this paper also describes the development stage of microfinance in China. The main body of supply and demand, and the main challenges faced. On the basis of literature analysis, this study through the field investigation of farmers, and different participants in rural areas to observe and in-depth interviews, so as to understand the actual situation of microfinance in the local rural development and difficulties. Through the analysis of empirical data and theoretical discussion, this paper discusses the difficulties and problems encountered in the practice of micro-credit policy in rural areas, and puts forward some relevant policy suggestions. It also provides empirical basis for future research on anti-poverty of micro-credit.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F832.43;F323.8

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