本文選題：農(nóng)戶小額信貸 + 信用評(píng)分�。� 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,黨和國家在各項(xiàng)工作任務(wù)布局中一直把“三農(nóng)”問題擺在了重要的位置。實(shí)踐證明,對(duì)于資金嚴(yán)重不足的農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)來說,小額信貸可以為“三農(nóng)”發(fā)展提供有效的金融支持。雖然農(nóng)戶是農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的主力軍,但資金不足一直阻礙其發(fā)展,為了緩解這一難題,農(nóng)戶小額信貸擔(dān)保應(yīng)運(yùn)而生,隨著出臺(tái)的各大政策的支持,在實(shí)踐中已邁出了試點(diǎn)步伐,我國多個(gè)省市紛紛采取這一新型融資模式。農(nóng)戶信貸擔(dān)保業(yè)務(wù)在我國發(fā)展還不成熟,而這種農(nóng)戶新型融資模式的關(guān)鍵在于能否有效識(shí)別業(yè)務(wù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和制定合理的擔(dān)保價(jià)格。農(nóng)戶本身屬于高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)群體,若收取的擔(dān)保費(fèi)不能有效覆蓋擔(dān)保成本和風(fēng)險(xiǎn),則會(huì)影響擔(dān)保機(jī)構(gòu)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展,進(jìn)而不利于農(nóng)戶信貸擔(dān)保融資模式的開展。因此,提高擔(dān)保機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)農(nóng)戶信用水平的評(píng)價(jià)能力和擔(dān)保定價(jià)能力,對(duì)農(nóng)戶小額信貸擔(dān)保業(yè)務(wù)的發(fā)展和擔(dān)保機(jī)構(gòu)的功能發(fā)揮至關(guān)重要。本文從定性和定量兩方面分析影響農(nóng)戶信用水平的因素,并結(jié)合農(nóng)戶自身特點(diǎn),對(duì)信用評(píng)價(jià)的方法進(jìn)行了梳理和比較,選擇了BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型作為農(nóng)戶信用評(píng)分的基本模型,通過對(duì)其算法的研究,闡明了基于BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的農(nóng)戶信用評(píng)分的優(yōu)勢和局限性。針對(duì)BP算法的局限性,論文對(duì)其進(jìn)行了改進(jìn):在網(wǎng)絡(luò)訓(xùn)練時(shí)通過增加動(dòng)量項(xiàng)防止陷于局部極小點(diǎn);為了避免出現(xiàn)因?qū)W習(xí)速率過大和過小而導(dǎo)致網(wǎng)絡(luò)不穩(wěn)定或收斂速度慢,采用自適應(yīng)調(diào)整學(xué)習(xí)速率的策略。在對(duì)擔(dān)保定價(jià)模型總結(jié)和比較的基礎(chǔ)上,從農(nóng)戶小額信貸擔(dān)保業(yè)務(wù)模式特點(diǎn)出發(fā),建立了基于風(fēng)險(xiǎn)調(diào)整收益法的農(nóng)戶小額信貸擔(dān)保定價(jià)模型,考慮依據(jù)農(nóng)戶不同的信用等級(jí)和抵押物價(jià)值制定差別化的擔(dān)保費(fèi)率,力求建立一種簡單、科學(xué)、實(shí)用的農(nóng)戶小額信貸擔(dān)保定價(jià)方法。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the Party and the country have placed the "three rural issues" in an important position in the layout of various tasks.Practice has proved that microfinance can provide effective financial support for the development of agriculture, rural areas and farmers.Although farmers are the main force in the development of agricultural economy, the lack of funds has been hindering their development. In order to alleviate this problem, the micro-credit guarantee of farmers emerged as the times require. With the support of various policies, the pilot steps have been taken in practice.A number of provinces and cities in China have adopted this new financing model.The development of peasant household credit guarantee business in China is still immature, and the key of this new financing mode lies in whether the business risk can be effectively identified and the reasonable guarantee price can be established.Farmers themselves belong to high risk groups. If the guarantee fee can not cover the guarantee cost and risk effectively, it will affect the sustainable development of the guarantee institution, which is not conducive to the development of the credit guarantee financing model.Therefore, it is very important for the development of micro-credit guarantee business and the function of guarantee institution to improve the evaluation ability and guarantee pricing ability of guarantee institution to farmers' credit level.This paper analyzes the factors influencing farmers' credit level from both qualitative and quantitative aspects, combs and compares the methods of credit evaluation according to the characteristics of farmers, and selects BP neural network model as the basic model of farmers' credit scoring.The advantages and limitations of farmers' credit scoring based on BP neural network are illustrated through the research of its algorithm.In view of the limitation of BP algorithm, the paper improves it: to prevent from falling into local minima by adding momentum item in network training, to avoid network instability or slow convergence caused by too large learning rate and too small learning rate.Adaptive learning rate adjustment strategy is adopted.Based on the summary and comparison of the guarantee pricing model and the characteristics of the micro-credit guarantee business model of farmers, this paper establishes a micro-credit guarantee pricing model based on risk-adjusted income approach.In order to establish a simple, scientific and practical pricing method of micro-credit guarantee for farmers, this paper considers making the differential guarantee rate according to the different credit grade and mortgage value of farmers.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：F832.43
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本文編號(hào)：1760324