本文選題：水銀行　切入點(diǎn)：存貸流程　出處：《武漢理工大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：中國(guó)是一個(gè)缺水嚴(yán)重的國(guó)家。水權(quán)制度的建設(shè)和水權(quán)市場(chǎng)的建立有利于提高水資源利用效率和配置效率,緩解水短缺問(wèn)題。從目前實(shí)踐來(lái)看,水權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓范圍受限、水權(quán)交易法律保障不成熟、水權(quán)買賣存在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。當(dāng)下,“水銀行”作為一種新型的水權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn)有效形式,充分考慮水權(quán)不可交易或用水戶不愿交易的情況,彌補(bǔ)了水權(quán)交易市場(chǎng)運(yùn)行的局限性；并且可以促使水這種稀缺資源得以從利用效率較低的部門流向較高的部門,提高水資源利用效率,因此它在一定程度上緩解了水資源短缺問(wèn)題。 本文將產(chǎn)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、西方經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)中的水權(quán)市場(chǎng)理論、外部效應(yīng)理論、供求關(guān)系理論等相結(jié)合,通過(guò)對(duì)前人觀念總結(jié)提出水銀行的概念定義,并且對(duì)水銀行的運(yùn)作流程做出論述,最后研究水銀行運(yùn)行過(guò)程中所存在的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)并給出了相應(yīng)的對(duì)策建議。 (1)水銀行界定�！八y行”即是將水資源進(jìn)行公平產(chǎn)權(quán)劃分之后,以水作為貨幣來(lái)建立一種存貸體系,人們可以將持有的富余水資源按一定的水息率存進(jìn)這個(gè)體系,緊缺方亦能以一定利率從體系中對(duì)進(jìn)行貸出。 (2)水銀行運(yùn)作流程。水銀行的運(yùn)作是持水方與需水方在謀求自身利益最大化的基礎(chǔ)上,借助水銀行對(duì)水權(quán)進(jìn)行存、貸的過(guò)程。水權(quán)銀行的運(yùn)作模式主要由三部分組成,存水、貸水和水息確定。水權(quán)存儲(chǔ)與借貸構(gòu)成了水權(quán)銀行運(yùn)作的主體模式,在二者的共同作用下,水銀行才能運(yùn)作起來(lái),同時(shí)水權(quán)存貸關(guān)系決定了水息。反過(guò)來(lái),水息又引導(dǎo)者水銀行的存貸關(guān)系,具體表現(xiàn)為水息率的變化。 (3)水銀行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與監(jiān)管。水銀行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)主要分為內(nèi)在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和外部風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。內(nèi)在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)主要表現(xiàn)為存貸水風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、息價(jià)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、敞口風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、資本風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等；外部風(fēng)險(xiǎn)主要分為自然風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和社會(huì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。而監(jiān)管主要從內(nèi)部風(fēng)險(xiǎn)著手,并且以政府監(jiān)管、自律監(jiān)管、社會(huì)監(jiān)管三方面相結(jié)合的模式存在。
[Abstract]:China is a country with serious water shortage.The construction of water right system and the establishment of water right market can improve the efficiency of water resources utilization and allocation and alleviate the problem of water shortage.From the current practice, the scope of water rights transfer is limited, the legal protection of water rights trading is not mature, and there are risks in water rights trading.At present, as a new effective form of water rights circulation, "water bank" fully considers the situation that water rights cannot be traded or water users are unwilling to trade, which makes up for the limitation of water rights trading market.And it can promote the water as a scarce resource from the inefficient sector to the higher sector, improve the efficiency of water use, so to some extent, it alleviates the problem of water resources shortage.This paper combines industrial economics, water right market theory in western economics, external effect theory, supply and demand relation theory, and puts forward the concept definition of water bank by summarizing the former concepts, and discusses the operation process of water bank.Finally, the paper studies the risks in the operation of water bank and puts forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.Water bank definition."Water Bank" is to divide water resources into fair property rights, and use water as money to set up a system of deposit and loan, in which people can deposit their surplus water resources at a certain rate of water interest.The shortage can also lend from the system at a certain rate of interest.Water bank operation process.The operation of water bank is the process of depositing and lending water right with the aid of water bank on the basis of maximizing their own interests.The operation mode of Water right Bank consists of three parts: water storage, loan water and water interest.Water right storage and loan constitute the main mode of operation of water right bank. Under the joint action of the two, the water bank can operate, and the water right deposit and loan relationship determines the water interest.On the other hand, water interest guides the deposit and loan relationship of water bank, which is the change of water interest rate.Water bank risk and supervision.The risk of water bank is mainly divided into internal risk and external risk.The internal risk includes water risk, interest rate risk, credit risk, exposure risk, capital risk and so on, while external risk is mainly divided into natural risk and social risk.The supervision mainly starts from the internal risk, and exists in three aspects: government supervision, self-regulation and social supervision.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F832.3

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