本文關鍵詞： 對外直接投資 國家特定優(yōu)勢 宏觀經(jīng)濟效應 投資促進體系　出處：《南開大學》2013年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：經(jīng)濟全球化使得各國經(jīng)濟主動或被動地參與到了國際分工和交換之中,各國和各地區(qū)之間的商品、資本、技術(shù)以及信息的加速流動,極大地推動了資源在全世界范圍之內(nèi)的有效配置。跨國直接投資現(xiàn)已成為推動世界經(jīng)濟增長的重要因素之一,任何一個國家都不可能僅依靠自身的資源、資金、技術(shù)或市場來謀求發(fā)展,走國際化經(jīng)營的道路己經(jīng)成為必然選擇。跨國直接投資發(fā)展至今,其研究主要是基于跨國直接投資對東道國經(jīng)濟的影響,而對投資母國經(jīng)濟的影響關注比較少,投資母國的對外投資政策因素也未能有效納入研究的框架。然而投資國對外投資政策的制定對于投資的規(guī)模、區(qū)位、行業(yè)、投資方式及所有制形式有著重要的影響。20世紀80年代以來,隨著國際經(jīng)濟格局的重大變動,各國在鼓勵國外資本流入的同時,逐漸放松對本國對外直接投資的管制,并積極采取措施鼓勵對外直接投資活動,這一方面對跨國投資理論提出了新的挑戰(zhàn),另一方面也對對外直接投資的實證研究提出了要求。 我國利用外資的方式已經(jīng)從“引進來”為主,逐步轉(zhuǎn)向“引進來”和“走出去”并舉,“走出去”成為中國企業(yè)積極利用國內(nèi)國外兩種資源參與經(jīng)濟全球化的必然選擇。但是由于歷史、制度、經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平等多方面的原因,導致中國對外直接投資在理論和實踐上仍然存在許多誤區(qū)和空白,因此本文力圖對中國對外直接投資進行深入而系統(tǒng)的探討。雖然傳統(tǒng)的和發(fā)展中國家的FDI理論具有一定的解釋力,但由于受到經(jīng)濟環(huán)境、所有權(quán)優(yōu)勢、治理結(jié)構(gòu)或者政策因素的影響,中國對外直接投資具有相對獨立性,迫切需要新的理論和方法予以解釋。對中國對外直接投資的研究有利于豐富和推進發(fā)展中國家對外直接投資理論,為相關學者提供理論參考,為中國政府提供政策建議,為中國企業(yè)提供實踐指導。本文圍繞這一重大主題,提出了國家特定優(yōu)勢理論,為我國企業(yè)的對外直接投資構(gòu)建了理論框架。并從經(jīng)濟增長、貿(mào)易、就業(yè)、技術(shù)進步、以及產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整等方面測度了對外直接投資對中國宏觀經(jīng)濟的影響,然后在總結(jié)分析我國投資促進措施的基礎之上,提出完善我國投資促進措施的對策建議。 本文的研究主要分為以下六個部分： 文獻綜述部分,主要沿著發(fā)達國家和發(fā)展中國家國際投資理論兩條主線,對當今主要的國際直接投資理論做了簡要回顧與述評,并在此基礎上回顧了中國對外直接投資的理論探索以及發(fā)展中國家對外投資理論研究的新進展。對現(xiàn)有對外直接投資理論基礎的回顧,有助于在方法與思路方而為研究中國的對外直接投資提供借鑒。 現(xiàn)狀分析部分,通過對中國對外直接投資的發(fā)展歷程、對外投資的現(xiàn)狀、對外投資的動因及對外投資的難題的分析,通過回顧力求從整體上把握中國對外直接投資的演變及總體特征,為中國對外直接投資母國宏觀經(jīng)濟效應的研究提供現(xiàn)實基礎。 理論研究部分,認為國家特定優(yōu)勢是解釋中國企業(yè)對外直接投資的理論依據(jù),并從動力機制、經(jīng)營保障機制、行為主體機制三個方面予以解釋,在現(xiàn)有理論的基礎上構(gòu)建了適合我國對外直接投資動機和戰(zhàn)略的理論框架。 機理分析部分,在總結(jié)現(xiàn)有研究成果的基礎上,從貿(mào)易、就業(yè)、經(jīng)濟增長、技術(shù)進步、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整等宏觀角度,分析了對外直接投資對母國宏觀經(jīng)濟的影響機制,為實證分析提供理論依據(jù)。 實證研究部分是本文的核心,對中國對外直接投資的貿(mào)易效應、就業(yè)效應、技術(shù)進步效應、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整效應、經(jīng)濟增長效應進行了實證分析,并對東部、中部、西部地區(qū)的宏觀經(jīng)濟效應進行了比較研究。得到以下結(jié)論：在貿(mào)易、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整、經(jīng)濟增長方面,對外直接投資有比較顯著的拉動作用。但在技術(shù)進步和就業(yè)方面,對外直接投資雖然起到了促進作用,但是效果不理想。對外直接投資的母國宏觀經(jīng)濟效應一般在東部地區(qū)比中西部地區(qū)更為明顯。 對策建議部分,根據(jù)中國對外直接投資促進措施的實施情況,在借鑒國際經(jīng)驗的基礎之上,提出完善我國對外直接投資促進措施的對策建議,體現(xiàn)了本文的現(xiàn)實意義與價值。具體包括：設立統(tǒng)一管理機構(gòu),完善法律保障體系；加強對外投資財政金融扶持；完善投資信息咨詢和技術(shù)援助；完善投資保險及知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保障機制；構(gòu)建多元化投資格局。
[Abstract]:The economic globalization makes the world economy actively or passively involved in the international division of labor and exchange among countries and regions are commodities, capital, technology and accelerate the flow of information, greatly promoting the efficient allocation of resources within the whole world. Foreign direct investment has become one of the important factors to promote the growth of the world economy. Any country can not only rely on their own resources, capital, technology and market development, take the road of internationalization has become the inevitable choice of the development of transnational direct investment. So far, the research is mainly based on the FDI impact on economy of host country, and less impact on the economy of the investing country concerned the factors of foreign investment policies, investment can not effectively into the research framework. However, making foreign investment policy for investment in the scale of investment, location, With the.20 industry, in 80s affected important investment and ownership, with significant changes in the international economy, countries in encouraging foreign capital inflows at the same time, gradually relaxed on its foreign direct investment regulation, and actively take measures to encourage foreign direct investment on the one hand, put forward new challenges on the theory of transnational investment, on the other hand, the empirical research on foreign direct investment requirements.
China's utilization of foreign capital has been mainly from the "Introduction", to "bring in" and "going out" and "going out" to become Chinese enterprises to actively use the domestic and foreign two kind of resources involved in the inevitable choice of economic globalization. But because of history, system, the reasons of economic development level. Lead Chinese foreign direct investment still exist many problems in theory and practice, this paper tries to in-depth and systematic study on Chinese foreign direct investment. Although the traditional FDI theory and the developing countries have some explanatory power, but due to the economic environment, the impact of governance structure or ownership advantages, policy factors, Chinese foreign direct investment is relatively independent, in urgent need of new theory and method are explained. China research on foreign direct investment is conducive to enrich and promote Developing foreign direct investment theory, provide a theoretical reference for the relevant scholars, provide policy advice to the government Chinese, to provide practical guidance for enterprises. China this paper focuses on the major theme, put forward the specific advantage theory, constructing a theoretical framework for foreign direct investment of Chinese enterprises. And the economic growth, trade, employment, technology progress and adjustment of industrial structure to measure the impact of foreign direct investment on the basis of China macro economy, then summarized the analysis of China's investment promotion measures, proposed consummates our country investment promotion countermeasure measure.
The research of this paper is divided into six parts:
The part of literature review, mainly along the developed and developing countries in international investment theory of the two main line, made a brief review and comment on the theory of direct investment in today's main international, and on the basis of review of the theoretical exploration Chinese of foreign direct investment and new progress in the study of the theory of foreign investment in developing countries. On the basis of reviewing the existing theory of foreign direct investment that helps in methods and ideas and for the study of foreign direct investment China to provide reference.
The analysis of the present situation, through the course of development of China foreign direct investment, foreign investment situation, problem analysis of reasons for foreign investment and foreign investment, through reviewing the evolution and strive to grasp the general characteristics of China foreign direct investment as a whole, provide a realistic basis for research on the macroeconomic effects of China foreign direct investment.
The part of theoretical research, that country specific advantage is the theoretical basis for the interpretation of foreign direct investment China enterprises, and from the power mechanism, operation mechanism, three aspects of behavior of the main mechanism is explained, based on the existing theory and constructed the theoretical framework for China's motivation and strategy of foreign direct investment.
In the part of mechanism analysis, on the basis of summarizing the existing research results, from the macro perspective of trade, employment, economic growth, technological progress and industrial structure adjustment, this paper analyzes the mechanism of the impact of outward FDI on the macroeconomy of the home country, and provides a theoretical basis for empirical analysis.
The part of empirical research is the core of this paper, the employment effect of the trade effect of foreign direct investment, China, technical progress, industrial structure adjustment effect, economic growth effect is analyzed, and the eastern, central and western regions of the macroeconomic effects are studied. We get the following conclusions: in the trade, the adjustment of industrial structure and the economic growth, foreign direct investment has a more significant role in stimulating. But in technological progress and employment, foreign direct investment has played a role, but the effect is not ideal. The home country macro economic effects of foreign direct investment in general in the eastern region than the central and western regions is more obvious.
The suggestion part, according to the Chinese foreign direct investment to promote the implementation of measures, based on international experience, put forward to perfect China's Foreign Direct Investment Promotion Countermeasures measures, reflects the significance and value of this article. Including: the establishment of a unified management mechanism, improve the legal system of foreign investment; strengthen the fiscal and financial support improve the investment; information consultation and technical assistance; perfect investment insurance and intellectual property protection mechanism; constructing the diversified investment pattern.

【學位授予單位】：南開大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F279.2;F832.6

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