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  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 小微企業(yè) 貸款 交易成本 循環(huán)貸款　出處：《東北財經(jīng)大學》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：已有的文獻大多把小微企業(yè)貸款難的問題歸結(jié)我小微企業(yè)自身的問題,如缺乏抵押品、經(jīng)營風險高、信息不規(guī)范、組織結(jié)構(gòu)不完善等原因。實際上,這些是小微企業(yè)的固有特性,銀行要去開發(fā)適應這種特性的信貸產(chǎn)品和服務,這是銀行存在的價值和盈利來源。本文在對中國人民銀行、宜信的調(diào)研報告的分析研究中得出,交易成本和信貸供求不匹配是制約小微貸款業(yè)務發(fā)展的重要原因,而信貸供需不匹配又是由交易成本所引起的。 科斯定理指出,只要財產(chǎn)權(quán)是明確的,并且交易成本為零或者很小,那么,無論在開始時將財產(chǎn)權(quán)賦予誰,市場均衡的最終結(jié)果都是有效率的,實現(xiàn)資源配置的帕累托最優(yōu)。然而,在現(xiàn)實世界中,科斯定理所要求的前提往往是不存在的,財產(chǎn)權(quán)的明確是很困難的,交易成本也不可能為零,有時甚至是比較大的�？扑苟ɡ硖岢隽私灰踪M用對制度安排的影響,為人們在經(jīng)濟生活中作出關(guān)于產(chǎn)權(quán)安排的決策提供了有效的方法。根據(jù)交易費用理論的觀點,市場機制的運行是有成本的,制度的使用、安排和變更是有成本的,一切制度安排的產(chǎn)生及其變更都離不開交易費用的影響。由于小微企業(yè)貸款額度少,貸款周期短,交易成本對小微貸款有重要影響。 本文基于相關(guān)金融機構(gòu)的市場調(diào)研數(shù)據(jù)或?qū)嶋H財務報告,用大量的實際數(shù)據(jù)研究小微企業(yè)貸款問題,從現(xiàn)實出發(fā),研究更具合理性和現(xiàn)實性。首次用實際數(shù)據(jù)來研究交易成本在銀行向小微企業(yè)貸款中對資產(chǎn)收益的影響。同時,還結(jié)合了這幾年最熱的網(wǎng)絡信貸模式——阿里金融,用模型推導信用卡循環(huán)放貸模式的機制創(chuàng)新,從而為商業(yè)銀行服務小微企業(yè)提供新的工具。 單筆小微企業(yè)貸款的交易費用很難度量,基于數(shù)據(jù)的可獲得性和準確性,本文采用中國農(nóng)業(yè)銀行2012年的財務數(shù)據(jù),計算縣城和城市(除縣城外)的貸款業(yè)務成本占利息收入的比率,從而得出額度小的貸款業(yè)務成本高的結(jié)論,說明貸款額度是影響銀行資產(chǎn)收益率的重要因素。商業(yè)銀行經(jīng)營的直接目標是實現(xiàn)自身盈利,只有向小微企業(yè)貸款有利可圖的情況下,銀行才會持久地服務小微企業(yè)。由于小微企業(yè)貸款額度小、周期短,導致銀行向小微企業(yè)貸款交易成本很高。銀行為了自身的利益,在其他條件同等的情況下,優(yōu)先選擇向貸款交易成本低的大中型企業(yè)發(fā)放貸款,從而使小微企業(yè)合理的貸款需求受到抑制。 本文對貸款業(yè)務發(fā)生的成本做了一些簡化假設,用公式推導循環(huán)貸款模式與常規(guī)貸款模式成本收益的差異,得出循環(huán)貸款模式能有效地降低貸款的交易成本的結(jié)論。分析了信用卡循環(huán)貸款降低交易費用的原因,指出信用卡循環(huán)貸款可以廣泛地被推廣服務于小微企業(yè)。 近幾年隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融的興起,阿里金融小微信貸也得到市場的認可。阿里金融的貸款模式正是基于電子商務的循環(huán)貸款,本文對其發(fā)展模式進行研究,分析其循環(huán)貸款模式的運行狀況,及其對降低貸款交易費用發(fā)揮的作用。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),阿里金融網(wǎng)絡循環(huán)貸款極大地降低了借貸雙方的交易費用,提高了融資效率,說明循環(huán)貸款模式是可以有效推廣。 最后提出銀行應該積極進行業(yè)務和工具的創(chuàng)新,阿里金融的良好運行說明,銀行在提高貸款的效率,降低交易成本方面大有可為。
[Abstract]:The existing literature mostly put down Small and micro businesses loans difficult problem I Small and micro businesses for their own problems, such as lack of collateral, risk management, information is not standardized, the organization structure is not perfect. In fact, these are the inherent characteristics of Small and micro businesses, banks should adapt to the development of the characteristics of credit products and services this is the value of the bank, and the source of profit. In this paper, the people's Bank of Chinese, the investigation and analysis of the report should believe in the transaction cost and credit supply and demand does not match the constraints of small and micro loans an important reason for business development, and credit is the mismatch between supply and demand caused by the transaction cost.
Kos pointed out that as long as the property theorem, is clear, and the transaction cost is zero or very small, so, no matter in the beginning will give the property who, the final results of the market equilibrium is efficient, to achieve the Pareto optimal allocation of resources. However, in the real world, the premise of Kos theorem needs there is no clear property right, it is very difficult, the transaction costs can not be zero, sometimes even is relatively large. The Kos theorem proposed transaction cost on the impact of institutional arrangement, for people to make decisions about the property rights arrangement provides an effective method in the economic life. According to the theory of transaction cost point of view, the market mechanism is a cost, system arrangement and change of use, there is the cost of the impact and change all cannot do without the transaction costs of all institutional arrangements. Because Small and micro businesses loans Less, the loan cycle is short, and transaction costs have an important impact on small and micro loans.
The market research data related to financial institutions or financial report based on the actual, with a large number of actual data of Small and micro businesses loans, from the practical point of view, the research is more reasonable and practical. With the actual data for the first time to study the transaction costs in the bank to Small and micro businesses loans on the asset returns. At the same time, also with the recent years the hottest Internet credit model, Ali financial mechanism innovation cycle with lending patterns derived from the model of credit card, so as to provide a new tool for commercial banking services Small and micro businesses.
Single Small and micro businesses loan transaction cost is difficult to measure, data availability and accuracy based on the financial data of the Agricultural Bank of Chinese 2012, calculation of town and city (except the county) lending costs as a percentage of interest income, so that the amount of small business loans to the high cost of conclusion. That the loan amount is an important factor affecting the bank asset return. The direct target of commercial banks is to realize their own profit, only to Small and micro businesses loans profitable situation, the bank will continuously serve small and micro enterprises. Small and micro businesses because the loan amount is small, short cycle, causing the bank to Small and micro businesses loan transactions the cost is very high. The bank for their own interests, in other conditions under the condition of the same priority loans to loan low transaction costs, large and medium-sized enterprises, so as to make reasonable Small and micro businesses The demand for loans has been suppressed.
This paper makes some simplifying assumptions about the cost of loans, with the difference formula of the revolving loan mode and conventional loans cost income, the revolving loan model can effectively reduce the transaction costs of the loan. The conclusion of analysis of credit card revolving loans reduce the transaction cost, pointed out that the credit card revolving loan can be widely by extension services to the small and micro enterprises.
In recent years, with the rise of Internet banking, financial Ali small micro credit has also been recognized by the market. Ali financial loan mode is revolving loan based on electronic commerce, this paper make a research on the development mode, analysis of the revolving loan mode of operation condition, and to reduce the loan transaction cost function. The study found that Ali financial network revolving loan greatly reduces the debit transaction cost, improve the efficiency of financing, that revolving loan mode can be effectively promoted.
Finally, it is proposed that banks should actively innovate business and tools. The good operation of Ali finance shows that banks have great potential in improving loan efficiency and reducing transaction costs.

【學位授予單位】：東北財經(jīng)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F832.4

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