發(fā)布時間：2018-01-18 00:15

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：世界銀行貸款決定因素分析　出處：《遼寧大學》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 世界銀行 貸款 決定因素 亞投行

【摘要】：世界銀行是全球最具影響力的多邊開發(fā)金融機構(gòu),隨著世界經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展,世行的使命已從通過國際復興開發(fā)銀行促進戰(zhàn)后重建和發(fā)展,逐漸轉(zhuǎn)變成為通過與國際開發(fā)協(xié)會以及其它成員機構(gòu)的密切協(xié)調(diào)合作而共同推進全球發(fā)展中國家的減貧事業(yè)。世行主要通過提供貸款等金融產(chǎn)品以及服務(wù)的形式來達成這些目標。自從1945年布雷頓森林體系建立以來,美國一直在國際金融體系中獨占鰲頭。由美國參與創(chuàng)建的,無論是國際貨幣基金組織、世界銀行等這些國際多邊金融組織,還是美洲開發(fā)銀行、亞洲開發(fā)銀行這些地區(qū)多邊金融組織,在成立的初期大多都體現(xiàn)著美國等發(fā)達國家的意志,可是受到美國操控的程度有所不同,相對而言,國際多邊機構(gòu)具有更大的獨立性。就世界最大的多邊開發(fā)機構(gòu)——世界銀行而言,隨著中國等新興國家的發(fā)展及實力的增強,其機構(gòu)內(nèi)部各成員國的地位也相應(yīng)地發(fā)生著變化,但這是否意味著,如同世界銀行自己所標榜的,其做出發(fā)放貸款的決策時具備了完全的獨立性?這也是本文研究的重點與特色,即把世界銀行作為一個行政與官僚機構(gòu),其一,考察各借款國在世行的投票權(quán),投票權(quán)意味著各國與世行關(guān)系的密切程度；其二,將各借款國在聯(lián)合國大會上隨同美國投票的比例,視為與美國的政治接近度。將這兩個政治變量納入實證分析,從政治的角度考察世行在發(fā)放貸款的決策上是否為“非政治性”的。根據(jù)本文實證檢驗結(jié)果,答案是否定的——世界銀行在為借款國發(fā)放貸款時不具備完全的獨立性,仍然在一定程度上受到美國的操控。此外,從經(jīng)濟的角度探尋世界銀行發(fā)放貸款的決定因素是必不可少的。按照世行對于貸款申請的相關(guān)規(guī)定,對借款國而言,其自身的經(jīng)濟狀況與其可以申請并獲得的貸款類型和數(shù)量有著密切關(guān)聯(lián),與此同時,鑒于投票權(quán)特殊的構(gòu)成方式,各國投票權(quán)中的份額票是由各成員國認籌股份所得,因此投票權(quán)也可在一定程度上反應(yīng)一國的經(jīng)濟水平。實證結(jié)果表明,擁有較低的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平和投票權(quán)的國家將更容易獲得世行的貸款。最后,通過研究世行發(fā)放貸款的程序、決策、經(jīng)驗與教訓,本文也試圖為由中國籌建并剛剛開業(yè)的亞洲基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資銀行的經(jīng)營提出合理的建議。
[Abstract]:The World Bank is the world's most influential multilateral development financial institution. With the development of the world economy, the Bank's mission has been to promote postwar reconstruction and development through the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD). To work together to advance poverty reduction in developing countries around the world through close coordination and cooperation with the international development association and other member institutions. The bank is mainly in the form of providing financial products and services such as loans. Since the Bretton Woods system was established in 1945. The United States has always been at the forefront of the international financial system. It was founded by the United States, whether it was the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and other international multilateral financial organizations, or the Inter-American Development Bank. The Asian Development Bank, these regional multilateral financial organizations, in the early days of most of the United States and other developed countries reflect the will, but the degree of manipulation by the United States is different, relatively speaking. International multilateral institutions have greater independence. As far as the World Bank, the world's largest multilateral development agency, is concerned, with the development and strength of China and other emerging countries. The status of the member States within their institutions has changed accordingly, but does this mean that, as the World Bank itself claims, it is fully independent in its decision to make loans? This is also the focus and characteristics of this study, that is, the World Bank as an administrative and bureaucratic organization, first, to examine the voting rights of various borrowing countries in the Bank, voting rights mean the close relationship between countries and the Bank; Secondly, the ratio of the borrower countries accompanying the United States to vote in the General Assembly of the United Nations is regarded as the political proximity to the United States, and these two political variables are included in the empirical analysis. From a political point of view, this paper examines whether the World Bank is "non-political" in its decision to make loans. The answer is no-the World Bank does not have full independence in lending to borrowing countries and remains somewhat manipulated by the United States. It is essential to explore the determinants of the World Bank's lending from an economic point of view. Its own economic situation is closely related to the type and quantity of loans it can apply for and obtain, while at the same time, in view of the particular composition of the right to vote. The share votes in the voting rights of each country are obtained by the member states, so the voting rights can also reflect the economic level of a country to a certain extent. The empirical results show that the voting rights of each country can also reflect the economic level of a country to a certain extent. Countries with lower levels of economic development and voting power will have easier access to World Bank loans. Finally, by studying the Bank's lending procedures, decisions, experiences and lessons learned. This paper also tries to put forward reasonable suggestions for the operation of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, which was set up by China and has just opened.
【學位授予單位】：遼寧大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：F831.2

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本文編號：1438611