本文關(guān)鍵詞：基于中小企業(yè)融資視角的供應(yīng)鏈金融研究　出處：《西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 供應(yīng)鏈金融 融資模式 實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)制 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制 博弈

【摘要】：中小企業(yè)在國民經(jīng)濟(jì)中扮演了重要角色,但融資難問題始終沒有得到有效解決,嚴(yán)重的制約了其發(fā)展。在此背景下供應(yīng)鏈金融應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。它是商業(yè)銀行針對(duì)供應(yīng)鏈中處于弱勢(shì)地位的中小企業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的新型融資模式。通過金融資本與實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)的協(xié)作,供應(yīng)鏈金融將資金流有效的整合到供應(yīng)鏈管理中來,更加關(guān)注供應(yīng)鏈中物流、信息流與資金流的集成,圍繞供應(yīng)鏈上的核心企業(yè)對(duì)中小企業(yè)提供金融支持。中小企業(yè)通過供應(yīng)鏈金融融資模式融資可有效弱化銀行和企業(yè)之間的信息不對(duì)稱,解決其由于信用不足、缺乏可抵押不動(dòng)產(chǎn)從而難以獲得銀行信貸的難題。商業(yè)銀行開展供應(yīng)鏈金融業(yè)務(wù)有助于提高自身的競爭力,創(chuàng)造新的利潤增長點(diǎn),而第三方物流企業(yè)則可將倉儲(chǔ)物流服務(wù)延伸至整個(gè)供應(yīng)鏈,極大的拓展了業(yè)務(wù)空間。通過開展供應(yīng)鏈金融業(yè)務(wù),各參與主體最終實(shí)現(xiàn)了多方共贏。因此,很有必要對(duì)供應(yīng)鏈金融的相關(guān)理論作系統(tǒng)性的研究,旨在揭示供應(yīng)鏈金融融資模式在改善我國中小企業(yè)融資困境方面的獨(dú)特優(yōu)勢(shì)。 本文主要分為四個(gè)部分。第一部分首先闡述了供應(yīng)鏈金融的研究背景和意義,系統(tǒng)回顧了國內(nèi)外學(xué)者關(guān)于供應(yīng)鏈金融的理論研究成果,從這些研究成果可以看出,國內(nèi)外學(xué)者基本上就供應(yīng)鏈金融可以有效緩解中小企業(yè)融資困境問題達(dá)成了共識(shí),并從不同的視角對(duì)供應(yīng)鏈金融的內(nèi)涵、特點(diǎn)、運(yùn)作模式以及風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制等方面的內(nèi)容展開研究,提出了頗多具有建設(shè)性的觀點(diǎn)和理論。在國內(nèi)外學(xué)者的研究基礎(chǔ)之上,本文結(jié)合作者在供應(yīng)鏈金融發(fā)展方面的長期積累和深入研究,提出了供應(yīng)鏈金融的定義和特點(diǎn),闡述了供應(yīng)鏈金融融資模式的基本類型及其運(yùn)作機(jī)制,并分別對(duì)三種典型供應(yīng)鏈融資模式即應(yīng)收賬款融資模式、融通倉融資模式以及保兌倉融資模式的實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)制和具體操作流程展開研究,從中可以看出供應(yīng)鏈金融融資模式通過在各參與主體之間建立多重的委托代理關(guān)系,構(gòu)建起特別適合在供應(yīng)鏈上處于弱勢(shì)地位的中小企業(yè)的獨(dú)特融資機(jī)制,很好的解決了中小企業(yè)由于信用水平低、缺乏可抵押不動(dòng)產(chǎn)、抵御風(fēng)險(xiǎn)能力弱等缺點(diǎn)而導(dǎo)致的銀行惜貸問題。通過對(duì)三種典型融資模式在融資企業(yè)在供應(yīng)鏈上的位置、融資企業(yè)所處的生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營周期、質(zhì)押物、融資用途等方面的對(duì)比,歸納出適合具有不同特點(diǎn)的中小企業(yè)的融資方式。最后介紹了幾種供應(yīng)鏈金融的衍生融資模式,并指出雖然供應(yīng)鏈金融的融資方式多種多樣,但他們都反映了供應(yīng)鏈金融的基本思想：依托供應(yīng)鏈整體,風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分擔(dān),信用共享,降低交易成本,弱化信息不對(duì)稱,實(shí)現(xiàn)各參與主體的互利共贏。 第二部分主要闡述和分析了供應(yīng)鏈金融在緩解中小企業(yè)融資困境方面的有效性。通過對(duì)供應(yīng)鏈金融融資模式和傳統(tǒng)融資模式在融資對(duì)象、融資方式、擔(dān)保機(jī)制、銀企關(guān)系等方面進(jìn)行比較,可以反映出供應(yīng)鏈金融融資模式在緩解中小企業(yè)融資困難方面所具有的諸多優(yōu)勢(shì),并通過構(gòu)建供應(yīng)鏈金融參與主體的合作博弈模型加以論證,從而更加直觀的反映出供應(yīng)鏈金融在解決中小企業(yè)融資困難問題上的先天優(yōu)勢(shì)。最后總結(jié)出供應(yīng)鏈金融在解決中小企業(yè)融資困難方面所具有的獨(dú)特優(yōu)勢(shì),揭示出供應(yīng)鏈金融在弱化銀企之間信息不對(duì)稱、盤活中小企業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營過程中閑置的流動(dòng)資產(chǎn)以及降低商業(yè)銀行授信風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和經(jīng)營成本等方面的有效性。 第三部分主要闡述了商業(yè)銀行在開展供應(yīng)鏈金融業(yè)務(wù)過程中可能面臨的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),深入研究了四種主要風(fēng)險(xiǎn)類型即信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、操作風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、市場(chǎng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)以及法律風(fēng)險(xiǎn)在供應(yīng)鏈金融融資模式下的特點(diǎn),結(jié)合供應(yīng)鏈金融融資模式的具體運(yùn)作流程,從商業(yè)銀行開展供應(yīng)鏈金融業(yè)務(wù)的風(fēng)控關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)即授信審查、貸款審批、出賬和貸后管理的角度入手,分別對(duì)容易發(fā)生以上風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的環(huán)節(jié)提出風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制的一般原則和具體措施,指出在供應(yīng)鏈金融融資模式下商業(yè)銀行可以通過風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移和分散、控制業(yè)務(wù)過程以及損失控制等原則有效的防范和降低風(fēng)險(xiǎn),要審慎的選擇供應(yīng)鏈金融的參與主體特別是對(duì)第三方物流企業(yè)和核心企業(yè)的選擇,嚴(yán)格按照科學(xué)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)揀選質(zhì)押物,并建立動(dòng)態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制體系和貸后預(yù)警機(jī)制,最終實(shí)現(xiàn)最大程度控制和防范風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的目的。 第四部分著重討論了供應(yīng)鏈金融在我國發(fā)展過程中存在的問題,并就如何促進(jìn)供應(yīng)鏈金融的發(fā)展提出對(duì)策建議。提出供應(yīng)鏈金融雖然在我國發(fā)展迅速,各大商業(yè)銀行在開展供應(yīng)鏈金融業(yè)務(wù)上都取得了不錯(cuò)的業(yè)績,但是由于我國企業(yè)供應(yīng)鏈管理意識(shí)薄弱,上下游企業(yè)關(guān)系松散而缺乏相互協(xié)作的意愿,同時(shí)國內(nèi)商業(yè)銀行針對(duì)供應(yīng)鏈金融業(yè)務(wù)的風(fēng)控體系尚不完善,缺乏有效的信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)體系和專業(yè)化的業(yè)務(wù)操作平臺(tái),管理上也存在著諸多空白點(diǎn),再加上我國供應(yīng)鏈金融業(yè)務(wù)的電子化程度較低,缺少相關(guān)專門針對(duì)供應(yīng)鏈金融業(yè)務(wù)的法律體系,這些都嚴(yán)重的制約了供應(yīng)鏈金融的發(fā)展,限制了供應(yīng)鏈金融在解困中小企業(yè)融資困境方面作用的有效發(fā)揮。針對(duì)這些問題本文提出了四點(diǎn)措施,第一要建立長效穩(wěn)固的供應(yīng)鏈上下游協(xié)作機(jī)制,提升供應(yīng)鏈整體的競爭力。第二要加強(qiáng)供應(yīng)鏈金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理力度,建立完善的貸前授信審查體系和貸后動(dòng)態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)監(jiān)控及預(yù)警機(jī)制。第三商業(yè)銀行要順應(yīng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融浪潮,積極開展線上供應(yīng)鏈金融業(yè)務(wù)。最后要完善相關(guān)法律法規(guī),強(qiáng)化金融監(jiān)管,維護(hù)供應(yīng)鏈金融的良性發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Small and medium-sized enterprises play an important role in the national economy, but the financing problem has not been effectively resolved, seriously restrict its development. Supply chain finance emerges under this background. It is a new financing model for the design of commercial banks in a weak position in the supply chain of small and medium-sized enterprises. Through the cooperation of financial capital and the real economy. Supply chain finance, capital flow will be effectively integrated into the supply chain management, pay more attention to the logistics supply chain integration, information flow and capital flow, around the core enterprises in the supply chain to provide financial support to small and medium-sized enterprises. The small and medium-sized enterprise financing through the financial supply chain financing model can effectively weaken the information asymmetry between banks and enterprises the solution because of its lack of credit, lack of real estate mortgage problem which is difficult to obtain bank credit. Commercial banks carry out the supply chain finance business Help to improve their own competitiveness, create new profit growth point, and the third party logistics enterprises can be extended warehousing logistics services to the entire supply chain, greatly expanding the business space. Through the development of supply chain finance business, all the participants in the final to achieve a win-win situation. Therefore, it is necessary to study the system of theory of supply chain finance, supply chain financing model to reveal the advantages in improving the financing difficulties of SMEs in China.
This paper is divided into four parts. The first part describes the supply chain finance background and significance of the research, a systematic review of research results of domestic and foreign scholars on the theory of supply chain finance, the results from these studies can be seen, the scholars at home and abroad basically is the supply chain finance can effectively alleviate the financing difficulties of small and medium enterprises reached a consensus and, the connotation of supply chain finance from different perspectives, research on operation mode and risk control of the content, put forward many constructive ideas and theories at home and abroad. Based on the research, combined with the author's long-term accumulation in the development of supply chain finance and research put forward the definition and characteristics of supply chain finance, expounds the basic types and operation mechanism of supply chain financing model, and the three kinds of typical supply chain financing Model that accounts receivable financing mode, implementation mechanism and the specific operation process of financing warehouse financing mode, confirming warehouse financing mode research, can be seen from the supply chain financing model through theparticipators establish principal-agent relationship multiple, construct is especially suitable for the unique financing mechanism in a weak position in the supply chain small and medium-sized enterprises, a good solution to the small and medium-sized enterprises due to the low level of credit, lack of real estate mortgage, bank credit crunch caused the weak ability to resist risks. The disadvantages of three typical mode of financing in the financing enterprise in the supply chain financing position, the enterprise's production and operation cycle, the pledge contrast, financing and other aspects of the use, summarized the different characteristics of the financing of small and medium enterprises. Finally introduced several derivative financing model of supply chain finance, and It points out that although the financing ways of supply chain finance are various, they all reflect the basic idea of Supply Chain Finance: relying on the whole supply chain, risk sharing, credit sharing, reducing transaction costs, weakening information asymmetry, and achieving mutual benefit and win-win for all participants.
The second part mainly elaborates and analyzes the supply chain finance is effective in alleviating the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises. Based on the supply chain financing mode and the traditional mode of financing in financing, financing, guarantee mechanism, compare the relationship between banks and enterprises and other aspects, reflecting the advantages of supply chain financing mode has in terms of ease the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises, which are proved by constructing a cooperative game model of supply chain finance participants, and thus more directly reflects the supply chain finance in solving the financing difficulties of small and medium enterprises advantage. Finally summarizes the unique advantages of the financial chain has to solve the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises in terms of supply, supply revealed the financial chain in the weakening of the information asymmetry between banks and enterprises, idle revitalize SMEs in the production process of liquid assets and low The validity of credit risk and operating cost in commercial banks.
The third part mainly expounds the risk of commercial banks may face in the process of carrying out supply chain finance business, operational risk in-depth study of the four major types of risks: credit risk, market risk, characteristics and legal risk in the supply chain financing mode, combined with the specific operation process of supply chain financing model, from the commercial bank carry out the supply chain finance business risk control is the key link of credit review, loan approval, account and loan management perspective, respectively put forward the general principles and concrete measures of risk control on the above risk prone links, pointed out that in the supply chain financing mode of commercial banks through risk transfer and disperse control business the process and principle of loss control to prevent and reduce the risk, to participate in the subject of careful selection of supply chain finance especially for the third party logistics The choice of flow enterprises and core enterprises is to select pledge according to scientific standards strictly, and establish dynamic risk control system and early warning mechanism after loan, so as to achieve maximum control and risk prevention.
The fourth part focuses on the supply chain finance exists in the process of development in China, and puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions on how to promote the development of supply chain finance. The financial supply chain while in the rapid development of China's major commercial banks have got great achievement in the development of supply chain finance business, but because I supply our enterprise chain management consciousness is weak, the relationship between the upstream and downstream enterprises loose and lack of mutual collaboration will, at the same time, the domestic commercial banks for the supply chain finance business risk control system is not perfect, the lack of platform of credit risk evaluation system and effective professional management, there are many gaps, the degree of electron coupled with the supply chain finance business in China is relatively low, the lack of specific legal system of supply chain finance business, these are serious constraints on the development of Supply Chain Finance Limited Effective system of supply chain financing for small and medium sized financial role in the enterprise. Aiming at these problems, this paper presents four measures, the first to establish a long-term and stable cooperation mechanism of downstream supply chain, enhance the competitiveness of the whole supply chain. The second is to strengthen the supply chain financial risk management, establish and improve the pre loan credit after the loan review system and dynamic risk monitoring and early warning mechanisms. Third commercial banks should comply with the wave of Internet banking, and actively carry out online supply chain finance business. Finally, to improve the relevant laws and regulations, strengthen financial supervision, maintain the benign development of supply chain finance.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F275;F276.3;F832.4

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